分享往日新浪譯友木草堂對如何翻譯對聯的一篇有趣的博文
一日,有一個喜歡對聯並熱愛翻譯的學生,虛心地向一位英語教授請教如何翻譯對聯。這件事,本來可以成為一個佳談,但是,結果大出我的意料。
學生感恩涕零,先生沾沾自喜,讀者仰天長歎。一時間,那對聯竟然在心頭揮之不去,非得躍然紙上不可。
1.教授造詞:
Heritage,rise,Herise = 紹興
Old Leap, = 古越
紹興:浙江省紹興市。
紹 [動](繼續; 繼承) carry on;continue;
興:[動]
Heritage:[名] 繼承物;遺產;繼承權。Heritage 是選錯了字。
古越:古老的越國。
越 [名]
Old:古老的
Leap:[名],跳躍、越過。但是與越國毫無關係。
結論:生搬硬造
2.教授譯聯
原文:
紹興美酒名揚四海
古越烹調香飄九州
譯文:
Herise Spirit spreads neath the sun
Old Leap Cuisine lures all the land
附草堂詞解:
Spirit:烈酒、 白酒、酒精,一般是複數。沒有黃酒的意思。
黃酒是中國的民族特產,也稱為米酒(ricewine),屬於釀造酒,在世界三大釀造酒(黃酒、葡萄酒和啤酒)中占有重要的一席。其中以中國紹興黃酒為代表的麥曲稻米酒是黃酒曆史最悠久、最有代表性的產品。它是一種以稻米為原料釀製成的糧食酒。不同於白酒,黃酒沒有經過蒸餾,酒精含量低於20%。
Spread: 灑、伸開、傳播[消息]、散布[言論] ( 名揚?),中性或貶義。想不出褒義的意思來。
Beneath the sun:四海(世界各地)。中文用海字,英文是太陽。
Lures:引誘、誘惑、吸引,(香飄?),就算意思對,這個字也不美,好象與吃喝無關。
all the land:大地上,(九州?中國的別稱之一)。
草堂留言:
上聯少美
下句沒香
3.趙彥春《對聯該如何英譯》
學生讓我在英譯中遇到一幅對聯,百思不得其解,向我求救。這對聯是:
紹興美酒名揚四海
古越烹調香飄九州
Herise Spirit spreads neath the sun
Old Leap Cuisine lures all the land
對聯要求對仗,這是形式上的要求。在英譯上便需要做到詞類的對應:名詞對名詞、動詞對動詞、短語對短語。其次,是專有名詞的處理問題,紹興、古越是地名,如果分別譯為Shaoxing、Guyue也算合理,但文化內涵則喪失殆盡。我按英文的造詞規律仿擬了Herise和Old Leap。Herise為Heritage和rise的融合,可以表達“紹興”的理據;Old Leap也是取“越”的含義,加上Old構成的。當然,如果不考慮詩意,直譯其名也是可以的。由於對聯較精練,譯文盡可能表現出藝術性。這幅對聯我用了頭韻,前行是Spirit、spread、sun,後行是Leap、lure、land。
4.草堂戲譯
我沒本事中譯英,但喜歡英譯中,也喜歡打油詩。假若我不知道中文對聯原作,很可能漢譯成:
原文:
Herise Spirit spreads neath the sun
Old Leap Cuisine lures all the land
何賴思光天化日下灑烈酒
古離譜神州大地上揚烹調
何升烈酒灑遍全世界
古跳菜肴饞盡眾國度
5.英文的對偶句
關於如何翻譯對聯,草堂建議:
英文有許多
教授回曰:“英文有許多 couplelets?何意?應該用中文的美,轉換成英文的美,何意?如何? 兩行英文高度對仗:
抑揚揚抑抑揚抑揚
抑揚揚抑抑揚抑揚。
不著美與香,美香已包含。不泥於字,風流自現。”
英文的對聯那麽好寫嗎?嚇死我,我也不敢動筆。語言的輕重節奏,不是一般人能掌握得了的,大概我這輩子沒戲了,隻有學習的份。再說了,就算抑揚全對了(何況以上格式我還沒見過,少見多怪了),也不一定就成功了,隻能說是格式正確而以。一個作品,主要是文化,內容與詞句。文化是靈魂,內容是骨架,詞句是血肉,其餘都是皮毛。
那麽精彩的英文對偶句是什麽樣的?以下是網絡上搜索來的:
Couplets in Shakespeare:
Blessed are you whose worthiness gives scope,
Being had, to triumph; being lacked, to hope.
So, till the judgement that yourself arise,
You live in this, and dwell in lovers' eyes.
Tir'd with all these, from these would I be gone,
Save that, to die, I leave my love alone.
You still shall live, such virtue hath my pen,
Where breath most breathes, even in the mouths of men.
How like Eve's apple doth thy beauty grow,
If thy sweet virtue answer not thy show!
Couplets in Alexander Pope:
A little learning is a dangerous thing;
Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring.
Be not the first by whom the new are tried,
Nor yet the last to lay the old aside."
Be thou the first true merit to befriend;
His praise is lost, who stays till all commend."
Good nature and good sense must ever join;
To err is human, to forgive, divine."
Hope springs eternal in the human breast:
Man never is, but always to be blest.
Tis education forms the common mind,
Just as the twig is bent, the tree’s inclined.
Couplets in Literature:
Singing he was, or fluting all the day;
He was as fresh as is the month of May.
I have the measles and the mumps,
a gash, a rash and purple bumps.
You say today is...Saturday?
G'bye, I'm going out to play!
Couplets in Famous Quotes
Whether or not we find what we are seeking
is idle, biologically speaking.
True wit is nature to advantage distressed
What oft was thought/but ne'er so well expressed.
Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall
All the king's horses and all the king's men
Couldn't put Humpty together again!"
So precious are true friends who lend their ears
and give their time to wipe away sad tears.
Nodding perfume. In my garden birds sing,
Roses bloom, and I am remembering.
When Silly Sally irons her clothes, they come out looking awful.
She did not read the label and her iron was meant to waffle.
Oh my!" the portly gent called out. "I cannot find my hair.
I washed and put it out to dry, and now it isn't there!"
轉發:自娛自樂