美國波士頓大學智庫:中國“債務陷阱論”沒有根據
2023年05月07日轉自:CGTN
當地時間2015年9月20日,埃塞俄比亞亞的斯亞貝巴,乘客搭乘有軌電車。該電車是撒哈拉以南非洲地區第一條全電動輕軌。工程耗資超過4.75億美元,資金85%由中國進出口銀行提供,由中國中鐵(7.340, -0.18, -2.39%)承建。/視覺中國(16.540, -0.16, -0.96%)
近年來,中國為海外發展項目提供了大量融資,大多流向發展中國家。但在西方決策層——尤其是美國,開始對中國融資的影響表示擔憂,擔心中國是否在進行“債務陷阱外交”,即刻意向另一國提供大量的貸款,在債務國無法履行債務義務時,奪取其戰略性公共資產或占據戰略主動。
Currently, China provides a large amount of financing for overseas development projects. This has raised concerns, within U.S. policymaking circles in particular, on the impact of Chinese finance, and whether China engages in "debt trap diplomacy," in the event of non-repayment.
近日,美國波士頓大學全球發展政策研究中心學者發表題為《解密中國海外借款和發展融資》的報告,列舉事實指出中國從未蓄意開展所謂“債務陷阱外交”。
Recently, scholars at the Boston University Global Development Policy Center published a report entitled Demystifying Chinese Overseas Lending and Development Finance--- Why China Became the World'sLargest Official Bilateral Lender
https://www.bu.edu/gdp/files/2023/04/GCI_PB_018_Chinas_OLDF_FIN.pdf
debunking the "debt trap diplomacy" narrative.
作者分析了8個所謂的“債務陷阱外交”案例,並沒有發現任何證據表明中國貸款的最終目標是奪取他國戰略性公共資產或占據戰略主動。
The authors analyzed eight cases of the so-called debt trap diplomacy and found no evidence that the ultimate goal of Chinese loans was to seize strategic public assets or gain strategic leverage in the event of default.
報告指出,中國貸款增加是供給“推動”和需求“拉動”的結果。
The report noted that the increase in lending in China is a result of both supply "push" and demand "pull" factors.
供給“推動”因素包括:中國的賬戶盈餘、進口的需要以及政府對外融資的政策支撐。
Several key "push" factors have driven China's overseas lending and development finance (OLDF), including China's current account surplus, the need to secure imports and government policies and mechanisms specifically encouraging outward finance.
而受援國需求的“拉動”因素包括填補資金缺口、核心基礎設施建設需要以及對中國融資的偏好。最終,對外部資金的需求取決於受援國自身發展的政策目標和優先事項。
The "pull" factors representing recipient country demand include the need to fill finance gaps, address core infrastructure needs and a preference for Chinese finance. Ultimately, the demand for external finance is based on recipient countries' policy goals and priorities.
作者表示,“債務陷阱外交”的說法存在概念性問題。
The authors say there are conceptual problems with the idea of "debt trap diplomacy".
首先,它忽略了中國的發展融資在很大程度上是由受援國的需求驅動的;其次,此說法默認受援國沒有嚴格控製其公共資產的能力,並願意放棄這些資產;第三,這種說法忽略了一個事實,即中國的金融機構和全球的金融機構一樣強調盈利,希望盡可能避免拖欠還款。
First, the narrative ignores the extent to which Chinese-funded projects are driven by the needs of recipient countries; Second, it assumes that the recipient country has no firm control over its public assets and is willing to give them up. Third, this ignores the fact that Chinese financiers, like their global counterparts, emphasize profits and seek to avoid non-repayment.
作者表示,在國際協作最為緊迫之際,這一充滿政治色彩的論調加劇了美國和中國在發展融資問題上的緊張態勢。當前,重點應放在解決新興市場和發展中經濟體緊迫的基礎設施和氣候融資缺口上,為實現聯合國2030年可持續發展目標奠定更堅實的基礎。
The authors said the politically charged narrative had exacerbated tensions between China and the U.S. over development finance at a time when global co-ordination was most urgent. Instead, the focus should be on addressing the pressing infrastructure and climate finance gaps in emerging market and developing economies to put them on a stronger footing to achieve the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.