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Japan's Former Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda Talks about U.S. Anti globalization
日本前首相福田康夫 人類命運共同體理念讓所有人幸福
作者 福田康夫 2018年04月09日05:28 人民日報
http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2018/0409/c1002-29913022.html
人類隻有一個地球，各國共處一個世界。國際社會日益成為一個你中有我、我中有你的“命運共同體”，麵對世界經濟的複雜形勢和全球性問題，任何國家都不可能獨善其身。
習近平主席提出的人類命運共同體理念旨在讓全世界所有人都幸福。“一帶一路”建設便是一項具體行動，通過促進各國合作，實現共贏共享發展。“一帶一路”建設以共商、共建、共享為原則，讓所有參與國，乃至全世界都能從中受益，增進所有國家人民的福祉。從這個意義上講，“一帶一路”是具有跨時代意義、非常了不起的倡議。作為鄰國，日本理所當然應該加入到“一帶一路”倡議之中，並與中國合作一起造福各國人民。
習近平主席提出的人類命運共同體理念、“一帶一路”倡議、新型國際關係理論是緊密相連的有機整體。隨著中國不斷發展，我一直期待著習近平主席就國際關係發表清晰明確的看法，令人高興的是，他提出了新型國際關係理論。倡導相互尊重、公平正義、合作共贏的新型國際關係理論貫穿了人類命運共同體理念，以實現持久和平、共同繁榮的人類夢想作為最終目標。對於習主席提出的新型國際關係理論，我舉雙手讚成。
如今，中國在很多領域進步飛速，直逼美國，令美國頗有壓力感。這與日本曾經經曆過的情形非常相似。上世紀80年代，日本對美國有很大的貿易順差，在被迫與美國簽訂“廣場協議”後，日元在短時間內迅速升值。這種劇烈變化也對日本的市場、產業、經濟等各個方麵產生了巨大的負麵影響。中國應該吸取日本的慘痛教訓，提高警惕，謹慎行事。
現在中國不僅對美國，對很多國家都有貿易盈餘。這說明中國在全球化體係中發展得很好，說明中國企業抓住了全球化的本質，獲得了利益。全球化是什麽？全球化就是以低的價格生產質量好的產品。各國人民都喜歡物美價廉的產品，能生產物美價廉產品的國家貿易盈餘自然就會增加。如今美國的貿易赤字，一部分原因就是中國物美價廉的商品深受美國人民喜愛。在深受貿易赤字困擾的同時，美國更應該反省的是本國的生產模式。
貿易保護主義的危害和自由貿易的重要性不言而喻。當前，世界各國都非常擔心貿易保護主義抬頭的傾向。中國和美國早已是密不可分的合作夥伴。美國有很多產業依賴從中國進口的產品，與此同時，美國也有諸如農業等不少嚴重依賴中國市場的產業。特朗普政府急於求成，采取貿易保護主義措施，可能暫時緩解美國的貿易赤字，但如果不改變美國的產業結構，就無法從根本上解決貿易赤字問題。相信美國國內會有越來越多的聲音要求特朗普政府停止目前的貿易保護措施，美國政府應該及時進行政策調整。
中國的不斷發展，給世界各國帶來了大量發展機遇。與此同時，也有一些國家對中國強大後會走向何方表示擔憂。在關鍵時刻，習近平主席提出構建人類命運共同體、新型國際關係，向全世界宣示了中國堅持走和平發展道路的決心——中國無論發展到什麽程度，永遠不稱霸，永遠不搞擴張。習近平主席的外交思想對於打消國際社會的擔憂具有重要意義。
去年10月，習近平總書記在中共十九大發表了非常精彩的報告，不僅對中國未來發展描繪了方向，還為解決世界問題貢獻了中國方案。國際社會希望能進一步聽到中國的看法與主張，此次博鼇亞洲論壇年會就是一個非常重要的機會。相信通過媒體的客觀準確報道，世界各國將會越來越了解中國。
（作者為博鼇亞洲論壇理事長、日本前首相）
《 人民日報 》（ 2018年04月09日 21 版）
Former Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda Talks about U.S. Anti-globalization: Extended Domestic Issues
The Boao Forum for Asia 2018 will be opened on April 8th. The theme of this year's annual meeting is “Open and Innovative Asia, a Prosperous and Developed World”. Four major sections are set up: “Globalization and the Belt and Road Initiative”, “Open Asia”, “Innovation” and “Re-starting the Reform”. Recently, the Forum’s chairman and former Japanese Prime Minister Yasuo Fukuda accepted an exclusive interview with his office in Tokyo and discussed the relevant topics of the forum and his expectations for the future gaming mechanism. He also published 40 years of achievements and experiences in China’s reform and opening up. view.
"One Belt and One Road" relationship peace and stability in the region
"Reference News": In 2015, the Boao Forum used the theme of "Asia's New Future: A Community of Destiny". This year’s theme “Open and Innovative Asia, a Prosperous and Prospering World” is in line with one another. Do you think that current Asian countries are making progress in the construction of a "fate community," or in terms of cooperation and opening up? What kind of problem is it facing?
Fukuda: It is the common ideal of mankind to build a world where there is no dispute and all countries are developed and all people are happy. Translating this ideal into reality requires political leaders to look far ahead and point the way, and do their utmost to put it into action. China’s initiative to establish a community of human destiny is based on this idea, and China has the ability to practice. It is hoped that all countries will work together towards this vision. On the issue of building a fate community, common development and common prosperity are important issues. We hope that China will put forward various policies including diplomacy. While developing in China, it will also enable other countries in the region to achieve development. This is very important.
"Reference News": "Globalization and the Belt and Road Initiative" is a major topic of the 2018 Boao Forum to be opened soon. How do you see the significance of the "One Belt and One Road" for Asian countries? In your opinion, what is the enthusiasm of Japan and other Asian countries to participate in this concept?
Yasuo Fukuda: The "Belt and Road Initiative" is an extension and expansion of the former Silk Road. The countries concerned should all like to see it. For the world, it is also expected to become an opportunity for dialogue and consultation in the economic field and environmental protection field to promote the free flow of materials, talent, and information. This is not just a huge economic circle, but also a region that is related to peace and stability in the world. This construction has just begun and the world is paying attention to how it will develop. In my opinion, to advance this concept and make it successful, it needs to fully consult with relevant countries and at the same time meet the interests of these countries. In the area of ??negotiation and common development, the "One Belt and One Road" initiative is similar to the concept of "fate community." I think all Asian countries are willing to participate. It is hoped that all countries will let other countries understand their own ideas and difficulties in the dialogue and try their best to cooperate on this basis. This is the same as making friends. Friends can also have a good relationship with each other, but they can cross the stakes before they can truly be called friends.
"One Belt and One Road" straddles Eurasia and hopes not to forget Japan. Japan is very concerned about how China will lead this construction. I think Japan should participate in this idea and try its best to provide cooperation. Japan also has a lot of experience and may wish to use it. There are various possibilities for the development of the “Belt and Road” initiative. I am very much looking forward to this and I hope that this will be the driving force behind the Asian countries’ maintenance of peaceful relations.
"China's Open Door to the World"
"Reference News": The Boao Forum in 2018 is also your last Boao Forum to serve as Chairman. How do you view the achievements of this mechanism so far, and how do you think the role of this mechanism should be better played in the future?
Yasuo Fukuda: At the very beginning, the Boao Forum was an Asian country that decided to gather together to solve problems through negotiation. Its significance has continued to change and develop since then. This year is already the 18th session. Now as a platform for public opinions and exchanges of opinions, it has very significant significance and has also promoted the progress of globalization in China and regional countries. China has made great efforts to this end. I am grateful for this.
In addition, for China, this is China's open door to the world and it is free to express its opinions here. This mechanism currently includes 27 Asian countries such as Japan, China and South Korea, and Australia and New Zealand. Together they are larger than the North American economic circle and the EU economic circle. Asia power must not be underestimated. It is hoped that the role of this forum mechanism will be fully utilized in the future, and at the same time, it will be a more diversified, more effective and globally influential mechanism to promote the full play of "Asian forces."
"Reference News": There are some "anti-globalization" phenomena in the world. For example, the United States has implemented trade protection policies such as tariff measures. How should Asian countries respond to them in the future?
Yasuo Fukuda: The United States has a series of moves. Perhaps this is an extension or result of domestic issues. We do not comment on the domestic politics of the United States, but we know that this runs counter to the current world trend. We expect the United States to recognize and correct these trends. We should strengthen our own ideas in the future and continue to cooperate with all countries in the world. It is also in this period that Asian countries should carefully negotiate on economic cooperation. The negotiations on the regional comprehensive economic partnership agreement (RCEP) are also progressing and may be reached earlier. In short, it is important to conduct dialogues and consultations. It is of utmost importance not to talk to each other without knowing each other’s thoughts and adjusting while talking.
China is a reference rather than an imitation
"Reference News": This year China has ushered in the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up. How do you think reform and opening up have played a role in China's development? What are the areas that have made you most impressed?
Yasuo Fukuda: With regard to reform and opening up, I first pay tribute to Mr. Deng Xiaoping for starting this policy. He is the flag bearer of reform and opening up. After he announced this policy, he also visited Japan, and he demanded that Japan support China's development. Japan also did its best to respond. In the past 40 years, the fruits of reform and opening up have been enormous. China has become the second largest economy in the world, and its influence in various fields has been improved.
I am particularly impressed with the speed with which China is developing. I used to say that I was astonished by the rapid speed of high-speed rail in China, and the overall speed of China's development is high-speed rail. I visit China every year and feel that China’s urban appearance is well-organized year after year. I think this is also a sign that the Chinese people are becoming more confident and confident. At this point, there is no difference between China and developed countries.
In addition, I participated in a number of bilateral dialogues between Japan and China or multilateral dialogues including Japan and China. Every time I felt that Chinese participants constantly had new ideas and consciousness continued to develop. This should be based on self-confidence and self-confidence in economic development and overall national strength. And China always thinks very hard about the direction of future development and how to do it. President Xi’s initiative is also a fitting expression of China’s hope for vigorous development.
"Reference News": In your opinion, what is the difference between China's reform and opening up and other countries' open policies? Is China's experience likely to be a reference for other countries?
Yasuo Fukuda: I think that China’s reform and opening up has borrowed well from the development experience of the developed countries. This kind of reference is not imitation but a combination of national conditions. In some emerging fields, China is still walking in front of the developed countries. Such as smart phone related industries, e-commerce industry.
China is now a smart-phone society. Smartphones are very popular and anything can be solved with smart phones. In this regard, Japan’s mid-stream pause has led to lags, while China’s development has been rapid and straightforward. Now China's mobile payment methods can also be used in many places in Japan. Japan also learns from China's shared bicycles.
Everyone should learn from each other and use them together. For developing countries, China’s experience is also a very good reference. Many countries want to learn from China, such as the rationalization of industrial structure, measures to deal with globalization, and so on. Therefore, it is also hoped that China will realize these countries that are eager to learn from China and let them gain the right experience and avoid detours.
Need to prevent the gap between the rich and the poor from widening
"Reference News": Do you think that China needs to focus on what issues to deepen reforms and expand its opening up? What lessons are worth reviewing?
Yasuo Fukuda: Just as China has proposed the goal of the human destiny community, it is not enough for the country to develop good thinking. Instead, it should develop together with other countries and share its achievements with other countries. All countries should always have this kind of consciousness, and at the national level, they should also begin to establish such awareness. All other countries including China, Japan, and Asia should think so. Not only oneself but also others, not only the country but also the world, and China, which has become the world's second-largest economy, has taken such a stand. It is also believed that this belief is based on the belief that China has put forward the goal of building a community of destiny as a direction to improve the lives of its citizens and introduce foreign diplomacy.
China's rapid development is blameless. However, it is also true that the speed of development is both favorable and disadvantageous. It is the same for all countries. In the process of development in developed countries, such lessons have also been learned. Some people have failed to catch up, or they have fallen from the "high-speed train of development." If China can introduce policies and measures to prevent the widening of the gap between the rich and the poor, and strive to get more happiness for each and every citizen, it is an ideal development model. Now that the Chinese government is also working on this, such as vigorously developing places, I believe it will progress smoothly.
(Editor: DF075)
福田康夫_百度百科
https://baike.baidu.com/item/福田康夫
福田康夫（Fukuda Yasuo），1936年7月16日生於群馬縣高崎市，是日本前首相福田赳夫的長子。1959年自早稻田大學政治經濟學部畢業，後在石油公司供職；1976年，從石油公司辭職，開始擔任議員秘書；次年被任命為首相秘書官。54歲時首次當選眾議院議員，共當選6次，2000年10月開始在森喜朗內閣和小泉內閣擔任官房長官，2004年5月7日他因未交納養老保險金而失信於民，2008年9月1日晚召開記者會宣布辭職，從而結束了他近一年的執政生涯。
他主張政治改革從每一個政治家自身做起，在政策方麵以穩健著稱。
職員生活使他練就了周全的判斷力、平衡感覺。他作風沉穩，出言謹慎，為人謙虛。福田康夫在擔任官房長官時發表的“修改無核三原則”的言論曾一度引發風波。
正式訪華
2007年的最後三天，日本首相福田康夫同夫人貴代子訪華。貴代子訪問在北京的日本人學校，參觀中日青年動漫展等，活動安排之密集並不遜於丈夫。
福田夫人以首相夫人身份訪華並獨自開展活動，其政治色彩是不容忽略的。在北京日本人學校，貴代子稱讚孩子們在與中國孩子的交往中為增進雙方友誼做出的貢獻，她的這一表態無疑為福田首相加強雙方青少年友好交往和相互理解、以實現日中世代友好的表態作了有力的注腳。 福田夫人在此次訪華過程中的活動，讓人不由想到安倍夫人2006年隨丈夫、時任首相安倍晉三訪華時的情形。日本的首相夫人們將以她們獨有的女性魅力在中日兩國友好關係發展的曆史上寫下亮麗的一筆。
秘密訪華
2014年7月27日，日本前首相福田康夫秘密訪問了北京，並與中國國家主席習近平舉行了會談。福田很可能擔當了安倍首相的特使的使命，為2014年11月出席北京APEC會議實現日中首腦會談做水麵下的斡旋。 [5]
安倍政府不斷向中方拋出“橄欖枝”，高調呼籲中日兩國舉行首腦會談。但另一方麵卻處處拿中國說事，將中國視為“威脅”。福田計劃轉達安倍呼籲中方接受對話請求的想法。 [5]
實際上，福田在擔任日本首相時就顯示出重視中國的姿態，並在中國擁有廣泛的人脈。福田退任後，仍然頻繁訪問中 國近20次。對於陷入冷卻的中日、日韓關係，福田康夫表示光靠官員和民間人士無法修複，必須由政治領導人碰麵協商解決問題。
會談訪華
2014年10月29日在北京與習近平會談的日本前首相福田康夫成為中日媒體關注的焦點。
在中國看來，二戰後所形成的國際秩序正是防止日本再度軍國主義化的有力約束。失去這一體係的約束，日本就有可能再度進行軍事擴張，危及整個亞太地區的和平與穩定。因此，在安倍對曆史翻案的問題上，中國秉持一貫且堅定的立場，堅決反對安倍政府的惡劣行為。為此，中國將安倍政府在曆史問題上改變立場作為中日首腦會談的前提之一，中國還與俄羅斯一道共同維護二戰後所形成的國際秩序。
另一方麵，作為美國在戰後扶持的重點對象，日本的國力卻出現緩慢踏步的幾乎停滯狀態。日本對中國的製衡作用明顯弱化。作為亞太的長期領導者，美國在亞太的影響力也相對弱化。中美日之間力量對比的此消彼長，必然會反映到亞太戰略結構的變化之中。正如美日戰略學家所言，亞太地區的戰略格局正處於失衡狀態之中。
外交主張
福田康夫重視亞洲外交。外交政策以聯合國、日美同盟和成為亞洲一員為中心。爭取根據《日朝平壤宣言》解決綁架問題和實現朝鮮半島無核化。支持國際社會打擊恐怖主義的努力。讚成與中國發展長期良性關係，支持建立新的戰爭紀念場所，以區別供奉二戰甲級戰犯的靖國神社。
福田也不讚成首相參拜供奉有甲級戰犯牌位的靖國神社。
2010年4月9日下午3時許，博鼇亞洲論壇2010年年會暨博鼇亞洲論壇2009年度報告新聞發布會上，龍永圖宣布：福田康夫為新一屆博鼇論壇理事長.
