Anxiety Disorder 焦慮症(二)

Anxiety Disorder II 焦慮症(二)

Panic Disorder Without Agoraphobia恐慌症不伴隨廣場恐懼

A. Both (1) and (2)有以下(1)和(2)的症狀

(1) recurrent unexpected Panic Attacks反複的無預兆的恐慌發作

(2) at least one of the attacks has been followed by 1 month (or more) of one (or more) of the following:
至少有一種發作伴隨一個月或更長的以下症狀

(a）persistent concern about having additional attacks持續地在意更多的發作

(b) worry about the implications of the attack or its consequences (e.g., losing control, having a heart attack, “going crazy”)擔心發作的寓意和發作的後果(如:失去控製, 心髒病發作,變成瘋子)

(c）a significant change in behavior related to the attacks與發作相關的顯著的行為改變

B. Absence of Agoraphobia沒有廣場恐懼症

C. The Panic Attacks are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or general medical condition (e.g., hyperthroidism).
恐慌發作不是由於某種藥物引起(如毒品,藥品)也不是某種疾病引起(如:甲亢).

D. The Panic Attacks are not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as Social Phobia (e.g., occurring on exposure to feared social situations), Specific Phobia (e.g., on exposure to a specific phobic situation), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e.g., on exposure to dirt in someone with an obsession about contamination), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (e.g., Separation Anxiety Disorder (e.g., in response to being away from home or close relatives).
以上恐慌發作不能診斷為其它的精神疾病,如社交恐懼症(僅僅回避社交場合,因為害怕受羞辱),特定恐懼症(回避某種特定場合,如電梯內),強迫症(如害怕沾染細菌而避免肮髒),創傷後應激症(如回避引起嚴重創傷的刺激),或分離焦慮症(如:害怕離開家或親屬).


Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder廣場恐懼不伴隨恐慌症

A. The presence of Agoraphobia related to fear of developing panic-like symptoms (e.g., dizziness or diarrhea). 廣場恐懼的出現是因為害怕發展成恐慌樣症狀(如:眩暈,腹瀉).

B. Criteria have never been met for Panic Disorder.症狀不符合恐慌症

C. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.
這種障礙不是由於某種物質引起(如:毒品或藥物),也不是有某種疾病引起

D. If an associated general medical condition is present, the fear described in Criterion A is clearly in excess of that usually associated with the condition.
如果伴有疾病引起的症狀(如:眩暈,腹瀉),那種害怕也超出實際情況.