認知心理
從事精神衛生研究和心理治療,理解生活和工作中的壓力給人帶來困擾,希望與朋友共同關心身心健康
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Specific Phobia (formerly Simple Phobia)特定恐懼症(曾經稱為簡單恐懼症)
A. Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood).
顯著而持續地害怕,這種害怕超乎尋常或者不合理,這種害怕是由一種特定的物體或場合引發(比如:飛行,在高處,某些動物,打針,看見血).
B. Exposure to the phobic stimulus almost invariably provokes an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a situationally bound or situationally predisposed Panic Attack. Note: In children, the anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantrums, freezing, or clinging.
一旦暴露在引起特定恐懼的刺激下幾乎不可避免地立刻引起焦慮反應,出現場景性或傾向於場景性恐慌發作. (注意:對兒童來說,焦慮可表現為哭鬧,突然發怒,驚呆,緊貼大人).
C. The person recognizes that the fear is excessive or unreasonable. Note: In children, this feature may be absent.
患者明白自己的害怕是超乎尋常的或不合理的.(注意:對孩子來說,這點不存在).
D. The phobic situation(s) is avoided or else is endured with intense anxiety or distress.
患者會回避這些引起恐懼的場合,如不能避免會不得不忍受很強的焦慮或痛苦.
E. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distress in the feared situation(s) interferes significantly with the person’s normal routine, occupational (or academic) functioning, or social activities or relationships, or there is marked distress about having the phobia.
這些回避,對焦慮的預期,或者所忍受的害怕顯著地幹擾了患者正常的生活,工作,社交,交友,也顯著地為有特定恐懼症而痛苦.
F. In individuals under age 18 years, the duration is at least 6 months.
對小於18歲的人來說,持續時間至少6個月.
G. The anxiety, Panic Attacks, or phobic avoidance associated with the specific object or situation are not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e.g., fear of dirt in someone with an obsession about contamination), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (e.g., avoidance of stimuli associated with a severe stressor), Separation Anxiety Disorder (e.g., avoidance of school), Social Phobia (e.g., avoidance of social situations because of fear of embarrassment), Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia, or Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder.
與某種特定物體或場景相關的焦慮,恐慌發作,恐懼回避等行為不能診斷為其它的精神障礙,比如強迫症(如:害怕髒因為怕汙染),應激後綜合症(如:回避導致過重大傷害的刺激),分離焦慮(如:不願上學),社交恐懼症(如:回避社交場合,怕受羞辱),恐慌症合並廣場恐懼症,或者廣場恐懼症沒有恐慌症曆史.
A. Marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood).
顯著而持續地害怕,這種害怕超乎尋常或者不合理,這種害怕是由一種特定的物體或場合引發(比如:飛行,在高處,某些動物,打針,看見血).
B. Exposure to the phobic stimulus almost invariably provokes an immediate anxiety response, which may take the form of a situationally bound or situationally predisposed Panic Attack. Note: In children, the anxiety may be expressed by crying, tantrums, freezing, or clinging.
一旦暴露在引起特定恐懼的刺激下幾乎不可避免地立刻引起焦慮反應,出現場景性或傾向於場景性恐慌發作. (注意:對兒童來說,焦慮可表現為哭鬧,突然發怒,驚呆,緊貼大人).
C. The person recognizes that the fear is excessive or unreasonable. Note: In children, this feature may be absent.
患者明白自己的害怕是超乎尋常的或不合理的.(注意:對孩子來說,這點不存在).
D. The phobic situation(s) is avoided or else is endured with intense anxiety or distress.
患者會回避這些引起恐懼的場合,如不能避免會不得不忍受很強的焦慮或痛苦.
E. The avoidance, anxious anticipation, or distress in the feared situation(s) interferes significantly with the person’s normal routine, occupational (or academic) functioning, or social activities or relationships, or there is marked distress about having the phobia.
這些回避,對焦慮的預期,或者所忍受的害怕顯著地幹擾了患者正常的生活,工作,社交,交友,也顯著地為有特定恐懼症而痛苦.
F. In individuals under age 18 years, the duration is at least 6 months.
對小於18歲的人來說,持續時間至少6個月.
G. The anxiety, Panic Attacks, or phobic avoidance associated with the specific object or situation are not better accounted for by another mental disorder, such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e.g., fear of dirt in someone with an obsession about contamination), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (e.g., avoidance of stimuli associated with a severe stressor), Separation Anxiety Disorder (e.g., avoidance of school), Social Phobia (e.g., avoidance of social situations because of fear of embarrassment), Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia, or Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder.
與某種特定物體或場景相關的焦慮,恐慌發作,恐懼回避等行為不能診斷為其它的精神障礙,比如強迫症(如:害怕髒因為怕汙染),應激後綜合症(如:回避導致過重大傷害的刺激),分離焦慮(如:不願上學),社交恐懼症(如:回避社交場合,怕受羞辱),恐慌症合並廣場恐懼症,或者廣場恐懼症沒有恐慌症曆史.
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