Brain: 3 lbs, 2% body weight, consuming 25% of energy, 87 billion neurons, 1 quadrillion connections. An organ that can get better w/ aging.
--Alzheimer's, vascular
--Alzheimer's disease is growing, in 2050, 1/3 adult will die w/ dementia
--After age 20, decline starts, preclinical, MCI, dementia
--Risk factors: Age, genetics, mid-age cholesterol, lifestyles, vision, hearing
--Dementia risk score: MIND diet (whole, plant-based food, plant fats, low salt, low sat fats, low animal products, >150min/week exercise, reduce alcohol, cognitive activities to improve reserve
--Neuro plan (nutrition-plant-based diet, exercise, leg strength, move throughout the day, unwind -increasing positive stress, restorative sleep, optimize cognitive activity-mental and social)
--MIND diet-Mediterranean diet a DASH intervention. Focus on plant based food. Limit red meat, sweets, cheese, better, fast/fried food.
--After 4.5 years, people adhered to MIND diet had 53% reduced rate of Alzheimer's disease
--Whole grains are good, except people w/ gluten intolerance (2-4% of the population)
--Keto diet, trial negative
--Omega-3 fatty acid (DHA), important during early life, and for individuals later in life w/ ApoE-e4 genes or mild cognitive impairment
--B vitamins, folic acid, vitD
--Exercise: neuroplasticity, BDNF creation, increase blood suppl, reduce insulin resistance, reduce depression, anxiety, attention deficits
--Resistance training 2-3/wee for 6m, in older adults w/ MCI, 47% achieved normal cognitive score. MCI transition to Alzheimer at a rate of 10% per year.
--Bigger leg, bigger brain.
--Cumulative adversity and stress->smaller gray matter volume. Limbic system, how you frame things, how we take the negative. Positive self talk.
--Sleep: memory consolidation and organization, Defragmentation.
--Sleep hygiene
--chronic use of benzo, Benadryl, PPI may be associated w/ dementia
--Optimize: Brain needs to be challenged.
--London taxi drivers had a bigger, more resilient brain. High linguistic abilities. Idea density.
--Loneliness increases dementia
--Social activity reduces dementia
--Hearing loss increases risk of dementia
--Cognitive activities: complexity, purpose, challenge, multi-dimentional
--Recall: choose a scene, create a story, approach the task w/ a positive attitude, take a deep breath, focus.
--Focus, create a story, emotional tagging
大腦:3磅,體重的2%,消耗25%的能量,870億個神經元,1萬萬億個連接。一個可以隨著年齡變得更好的器官。
-- 阿爾茨海默病,血管性
-- 阿爾茨海默病正在增長,預計到2050年,三分之一的成年死的時候有癡呆症
-- 20歲後,衰退開始,臨床前,輕度認知障礙,癡呆
-- 風險因素:年齡,遺傳,中年膽固醇,生活方式,視力,聽力
-- 癡呆風險評分:MIND飲食(全食,植物性食物,植物脂肪,低鹽,低飽和脂肪,低動物產品,每周>150分鍾的鍛煉,減少酒精攝入,改善認知儲備的認知活動)
-- 神經計劃(營養-植物性飲食,鍛煉,腿部力量,全天活動,放鬆 - 增加積極壓力,恢複性睡眠,優化認知活動-心理和社交)
-- MIND飲食-地中海飲食和DASH幹預。重點是植物性食物。限製紅肉,甜食,奶酪,更好,快餐/油炸食品。
-- 經過4.5年,遵循MIND飲食的人群阿爾茨海默病發生率降低了53%
-- 全穀物是好的,除了對麩質不耐受的人(占人口的2-4%)
-- 生酮飲食,試驗結果陰性
-- Omega-3脂肪酸(DHA),在早期生活中重要,對於後期有ApoE-e4基因或輕度認知障礙的個體也很重要
-- B維生素,葉酸,維生素D
-- 鍛煉:神經可塑性,BDNF的生成,增加血液供應,降低胰島素抵抗,減少抑鬱,焦慮,注意力缺陷
-- 對於輕度認知障礙的老年人,每周進行2-3次抗阻訓練6個月,47%的人達到了正常的認知評分。輕度認知障礙以每年10%的速度轉變為阿爾茨海默病。
-- 腿部越大,腦部越大。
-- 累積的不利因素和壓力->灰質體積減少。邊緣係統,如何構建事物,如何看待消極。積極的自我對話。
-- 睡眠:記憶鞏固和組織,碎片整理。
-- 睡眠衛生 -- 長期使用苯二氮平類藥物、苯海拉明、質子泵抑製劑可能與癡呆症相關
-- 優化:大腦需要被挑戰。
-- 倫敦出租車司機的大腦更大,更有彈性。高語言能力。概念密度。
-- 孤獨感增加癡呆風險 -- 社交活動減少癡呆風險
-- 聽力損失增加癡呆風險
-- 認知活動:複雜性,目的,挑戰,多維度 -
- 回憶:選擇一個場景,創造一個故事,以積極的態度接近任務,深呼吸,專注。
-- 專注,創造故事,情感標記