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羅伯特·戴利：他的許多路都通向中國
http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2014-12/19/content_19125368.htm
2014-12-19 華盛頓陳偉華（中國日報美國版）
1984年，羅伯特·戴利從雪城大學畢業，他想找一份能讓他周遊世界的工作。顯然，外交官的工作符合他的要求。於是，他於1984年參加了外交官考試，並通過了考試，並於1986年成為一名外交官。
1987年夏天，年輕的戴利被派往中國，盡管他從未上過任何與中國或國際關係有關的課程。他在學校也沒有學過中文。他在雪城大學主修繪畫漫畫插圖和美國文學。
威爾遜中心基辛格中美研究中心主任羅伯特·戴利在辦公室接受《中國日報》采訪。陳偉華/《中國日報》
“我不知道我是怎麽得到這些的，”戴利回憶道，說這全是運氣。
沒有任何先驗知識
戴利在 20 世紀 60 年代和 70 年代在錫拉丘茲長大，他說他第一次聽說中國是兒童的種族主義歌曲，這些歌曲貶低中國人的卑鄙。
但他在 20 世紀 70 年代觀看的電視節目《神奇的陳氏家族》將中國人描繪得更加積極。戴利 10 歲時讀的第一本小說恰好也是一本關於二戰時期中國的兒童讀物，名為《六十個父親的房子》。
這就是戴利在錫拉丘茲對中國的全部了解。
1987年，他首次出訪中國，這也是他第一次出訪美國。“那是美中關係發展的黃金時期，”戴利談到他第一次到北京，擔任美國大使館文化教育官員時說道。“當時的氣氛十分樂觀，非常積極。”
他結識了很多年輕藝術家，比如後來成為著名電影演員和導演的薑文，以及後來被稱為中國搖滾之父的崔健。
戴利形容這些年輕的中國藝術家對美國和美國文化非常感興趣。
那是 DVD 出現之前的日子。戴利在美國駐北京大使館每周放映的電影吸引了許多年輕人。
在一個文化交流項目中，戴利提議，美國不應該像往常一樣邀請古典小提琴家和古典鋼琴家來演出，而應該帶來不同的音樂。美國吉他手、搖滾明星維克·特裏格於 1990 年來到中國，與中國同行一起授課並舉辦音樂會。
戴利說，當時中美兩國人民都對思想非常感興趣。
“如果米蘭·昆德拉的書出版了，那將是大新聞，每個人都想讀它，”戴利說。“當薩特的書出版時，人們想讀這些書。所以當時有很多知識分子的興奮。”
“我現在去中國了，”他說。“談話遠沒有我們以前那麽有趣。以前是談論書籍和思想；現在全是消費主義。
“每平方米多少錢？”戴利用流利的中文說。他說，物質主義是他現在去中國感到沮喪的事情之一。
關注中國
盡管戴利在 20 世紀 80 年代末和 90 年代初在中國工作，但他還是於 1991 年辭去了外交工作。29 歲的他覺得自己對中國很感興趣，但對從事外交工作並不感興趣。
“如果你在外交部門工作，你必須能在全球各地工作，而且你要從一個國家到另一個國家，”戴利說。“我真的想更專注於中美關係。”
此外，戴利所在的美國新聞署 (USIA) 當時因預算削減而被削弱。戴利覺得外交部門不是一個好地方。
他還描述了想家的感覺。“我當時還是單身，所以是時候回家了，”他說。
戴利回到錫拉丘茲與父母團聚。1991 年夏天，他開始在紐約州伊薩卡的康奈爾大學教授中文。
銀幕明星
1992 年感恩節晚上，在父母家度過一晚後，戴利回到自己的公寓，接到薑文的電話，說他們都在紐約，想讓他去見他們。於是戴利去了紐約，見了他的老朋友，他們大多是電影演員和導演，比如薑文、馮小剛和鄭曉龍，當時他們正在拍攝一部名為《北京人在紐約》的電視劇。
戴利被賦予了服裝廠老板大衛·麥卡錫的角色。這是他第一次拍電視劇。戴利說，作為一個單身年輕人，他可以決定辭去康奈爾大學的工作，加入電視劇的製作。
“你有多少次半夜接到電話，問‘你想拍電視劇嗎？’你應該對機會說‘是’，”他說。
這部電視劇於 1994 年 10 月 1 日播出後立即大獲成功。
中國仍然認可達利在劇中的角色，而不是他目前擔任基辛格中美研究所所長。
達利記得薑文曾鼓勵他繼續演戲，但他不想，現在回想起來，他說這個決定是正確的。
達利引用的主要原因是，他認為自己不是一個好演員，而且除了北京人之外，沒有多少好的角色可以讓外國人扮演。
“所以即使我想走這條路，那條路也不存在，”他說。
愉快的空閑時間
在隨後的幾年裏，達利往返於中美之間，從事谘詢、公開演講、媒體和電視製作，例如幫助製作中國版的《芝麻街》。
在美中關係全國委員會的安排下，他甚至在1997年華盛頓舉行的中國國家主席江澤民的招待會上擔任前國務卿亨利·基辛格的翻譯。
他還曾在紐約州州長安德魯·庫莫擔任住房和城市發展部部長、現任政治局常委的俞正聲擔任中國建設部部長期間擔任美中住房計劃美方主任。
戴利說，他很享受那些年自由自在的感覺。
2001年，當戴利有機會擔任約翰霍普金斯大學南京中心美方主任時，他立即抓住了機會。該中心是馬裏蘭州巴爾的摩市的約翰霍普金斯大學和南京大學的合資項目。他最終與妻子和兩個兒子在南京度過了六年。
“這對我個人和職業來說都是一次奇妙的經曆，”戴利說，他將該項目的中美學生描述為“一個非常棒的、敬業的群體”。
戴利說，與近年來前往中國進行高管培訓的其他一些美國大學不同，霍普金斯大學南京中心更注重將人們聚集在一起，讓他們一起生活一年，學習彼此的語言。
他稱霍普金斯南京中心是真正的合作夥伴關係，即使中美雙方有時意見嚴重分歧。
戴利在中國生活並見證了這一偉大轉變，這段經曆也非常有趣。
他喜歡在中國工作，尤其是作為一名外國人。
對戴利來說，中國的工作方式壓力太大，令人沮喪。他的許多中國朋友工作非常努力，從未休假，也沒有自己的時間。
“你需要老板在下午 5 點後不打擾你，這樣你就可以回家過自己的生活，”戴利說。“這就是人們所需要的。”
2007 年，戴利離開南京，返回美國，他說這個決定主要是為了他的孩子和父母。他希望他們彼此了解。他還覺得中國可能不是孩子長大後的好地方，因為中國孩子實際上不怎麽出去玩。
在戴利看來，中國父母對成功的定義往往很狹隘。但他說，他和來自中國的妻子在教育三個孩子（兒子艾薩克、馬特奧和女兒克萊爾）方麵其實是相輔相成的。
回到美國後，戴利在馬裏蘭大學的馬裏蘭中國計劃中又工作了六年。他稱讚馬裏蘭大學有能力將中國人帶到馬裏蘭接受培訓。但他感歎，如今的大學不再提供中國研究專業。
2013年8月，戴利成為基辛格中美研究所所長，該研究所創始人芮效儉退休。芮效儉出生於中國，父母是傳教士，曾任美國駐華大使，他對中國和中美關係的精辟見解備受推崇。
戴利再次表示，自己非常幸運和榮幸能擔任這份工作。他理解基辛格的願景是進行坦誠、知情和尊重的對話，旨在盡可能保持兩國關係的合作性而非競爭性。
“但你不能否認棘手的問題，”戴利說。
真誠的接受
“我堅信雙方都有能力和專業知識來成功管理這種複雜、互利且危險的關係，”他說。“這是可以做到的。”
他認為，美方需要對中國作為規範製定者和製度建設者表現出真誠的接受。
“我們看到美國反對亞洲基礎設施投資銀行就是一個壞例子，”戴利說。“我認為這是美國展示接受、積極參與和鼓勵其他國家參與的絕佳機會，同時表示，是的，我們堅持透明度，尊重環境規則和勞工保護。”
另一方麵，戴利認為中國不擅長提出規則，並提出具體規則。
chenweihua@chinadailyusa.com
（《中國日報》美國版 2014 年 12 月 19 日第 14 頁）
Robert Daly: Many of his paths lead to China
http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2014-12/19/content_19125368.htm
2014-12-19 13:02
By Chen Weihua in Washington(China Daily USA)
When Robert Daly graduated from Syracuse University in 1984, he was looking for a job that he hoped could let him travel the world.
Clearly that of diplomat fit the profile. So he took the Foreign Service exam in 1984, passed it, and became a diplomat in 1986.
The young Daly was sent to China in the summer of 1987, despite having never taken any classes related to China or international relations. Neither had he studied the Chinese language in school. His major at Syracuse was drawing cartoon illustrations and American literature.
Robert Daly, director of the Kissinger Center on China and the United States at the Wilson Center, talks to China Daily in his office. Chen Weihua / China Daily
"I don't know how I got it," Daly recalled, saying it was luck all the way.
No prior knowledge
Growing up in Syracuse in the 1960s and 1970s, Daly said the first thing he heard about China was children's racist songs demeaning the Chinese for being mean.
But the TV show - The Amazing Chan and the Chan Clan - that he watched in the 1970s had portrayed the Chinese in a more positive light.
The first novel Daly read as a 10-year-old also happened to be a children's book about World War II-era China, called House of Sixty Fathers.
That was all the exposure to China that Daly got in Syracuse.
When he embarked on his first diplomatic mission to China in 1987, it also was his first trip outside the United States.
"It was a great time to be in US-China relations," Daly said of the time he first got to Beijing, working as a culture and education officer at the US embassy. "There was so much optimism. It was so positive."
He got to know a lot of young artists, people like Jiang Wen, who later became a big shot film actor and director, and Cui Jian, later known as the father of Chinese rock 'n' roll.
Daly described the young Chinese artists as very interested in America and American culture.
Those were the days before DVDs. The weekly film showings at the US embassy in Beijing that Daly conducted attracted a lot of young people.
In a cultural exchange program, Daly proposed that instead of bringing classical violinists and classical pianists as the US usually did, it should bring different music. Vic Trigger, an American guitarist and rock 'n' roll star, came to China in 1990 to teach and hold concerts with his Chinese counterparts.
Daly said that people in both China and the US were much interested in ideas then.
"If Milan Kundera's book was published, it was big news, and everyone wanted to read it," Daly said. "When Sartre's books were published, people wanted to read these books. So there was a lot of intellectual excitement.
"I go to China now," he said. "The conversation is not nearly as interesting as the conversation we used to have. It was conversation about books and ideas; now it's all consumerism.
"How much is it per square meter?" Daly said in fluent Chinese. He said that materialism is one of the frustrations for him going to China now.
Focus on China
While enjoying his work in China in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Daly quit the Foreign Service in 1991. The 29-year-old felt that he was much interested in China, but wasn't as interested in a career in foreign service.
"If you are in the Foreign Service, you have to be available for worldwide work, and you go from country to country," Daly said. "I really wanted to focus on US-China more exclusively."
Also, the US Information Agency (USIA) that Daly belonged to had been weakened at the time due to budget cuts. Daly felt the Foreign Service wasn't a great place to be.
He also described being homesick. "I was still single, so it was just sort of time to go home," he said.
Daly returned to Syracuse to join his parents. In the summer of 1991, he started to teach Chinese at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.
Screen star
On Thanksgiving night in 1992, when he went back to his own apartment after spending the evening at his parents' house, Daly received a call from Jiang Wen, telling him that they were all in New York City and wanted him to come meet them.
So Daly went to New York to meet his old friends, mostly film actors and directors such as Jiang Wen, Feng Xiaogang and Zheng Xiaolong, who were shooting a TV series called Beijingers in New York.
Daly was given the role of David McCarthy, the owner of a clothing factory.
It was his first experience in a TV series. Daly said that as a single young man, he could make the decision to quit his job at Cornell and join the TV production.
"How many times do you get a phone call at midnight, saying, 'Do you want to be in a TV show?' You should say yes to opportunities," he said.
The TV series became an immediate success when it was broadcast on Oct 1, 1994. Many people in China still recognize Daly for his role in the drama, rather than his current position as director of the Kissinger Institute on China and the United States.
Daly remembered that Jiang Wen had encouraged him to pursue acting, but he did not want to, a decision he said was correct in retrospect.
The primary reason Daly cited was the fact that he didn't think himself a good actor, and there had not been many good roles for foreigners to play, except the Beijingers.
"So even if I wanted to pursue the path, that path didn't really exist," he said.
Pleasant free time
In the subsequent years, Daly traveled between China and the US, doing consulting, public lectures, media and TV productions, such as helping produce the Chinese version of Sesame Street.
Under the arrangement of the National Committee on US-China Relations, he even served as interpreter for former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger at a reception in Washington in 1997 for visiting Chinese President Jiang Zemin.
He also worked as the American director for the US-China Housing Initiative when New York Governor Andrew Cuomo was the secretary of Housing and Urban Development, and Yu Zhensheng, now a member of the standing committee of the Politburo, was China's construction minister.
Daly said he enjoyed the feeling of being free in those years.
In 2001, when the opportunity came for Daly to become the American director of the Hopkins Nanjing Center, a joint venture between Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, and Nanjing University, he immediately took it. He ended up spending six years in Nanjing with his wife and two sons.
"It was a marvelous experience for me both personally and professionally," Daly said, describing the Chinese and American students in the program as a "wonderful, dedicated group".
Unlike some other US universities that went to China in recent years for executive education, the Hopkins Nanjing Center is more about bringing people together, having them live together for a year, and study each other's language, Daly said.
He called the Hopkins Nanjing Center a true cooperative partnership, even when the Chinese side and the US side sometimes strongly disagreed.
It was also an interesting time for Daly to live in China to witness the great transition.
He enjoyed working in China, particularly as a foreigner.
To Daly, the Chinese way of working has too much pressure and is depressing. Many of his Chinese friends worked so hard that they never took a vacation and never had their own time.
"You need your boss to leave you the hell alone after 5 o'clock, so you can go home to have your own life," Daly said. "That's what people need."
In 2007, Daly left Nanjing and returned to the US, a decision he said was made mostly for his children and parents. He wanted them to know each other. He also felt that China may not be a great place for children when they grow up because Chinese children don't really go out and play much.
In Daly's views, Chinese parents have defined success often in a narrow way. But he said that he and his wife, from China, actually complement each other in educating their three children, sons Isaac and Mateo, and daughter Claire.
Upon returning to the US, Daly spent another six years at the Maryland China Initiative at the University of Maryland. He praised the university for its capacity in bringing Chinese to Maryland for training. But he sighed that universities these days no longer provide China studies as a major.
In August 2013, Daly became director of the Kissinger Institute on China and the United States after its founder, Stapleton Roy, retired. Roy, born in China to missionary parents, was the former US ambassador to China whose brilliant thoughts on China and US-China relations are highly respected.
Daly again said he was quite fortunate and privileged to have this job. His understanding of Kissinger's vision is to have frank, informed and respectful dialogue aimed at keeping the relationship more cooperative than competitive, if possible.
"But you don't deny difficult issues," Daly said.
Genuine receptivity
"I believe strongly that we do have the ability on both sides and the expertise with people to manage this complicated, mutually beneficial and dangerous relationship successfully," he said. "That can be done."
He believes the US side needs to show genuine receptivity to China as a maker of norms and the builder of institutions.
"We saw a bad example of this in American opposition to the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank," Daly said. "I saw this as a very good opportunity for America to demonstrate the receptivity, to participate enthusiastically and to encourage others to participate, while saying, yes, we insist on transparency, respect environmental rules, labor protection."
On the other hand, Daly believes China is not good at proposing rules and proposes specific rules.
chenweihua@chinadailyusa.com
(China Daily USA 12/19/2014 page14)
