UN Secretary 全球治理失敗 秘書長的警告

全球治理失敗：秘書長的警告

https://globalgovernanceforum.org/global-governance-failures-warnings-by-the-secretary-general/

作者：阿瑟·裏昂·達爾 2023 年 2 月 21 日

如果有人對全球治理的失敗有清晰的認識，那應該是聯合國秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯，他最近以令人驚訝的不外交語言對這些失敗提出了最嚴厲的批評。 在 2023 年 2 月 6 日向大會通報 2023 年優先事項時，他警告說，“我們一生中從未遇到過前所未有的挑戰。 戰爭仍在繼續。 氣候危機仍在繼續。 極端富裕和極端貧困肆虐。 富人和窮人之間的鴻溝正在分裂社會、國家和我們更廣闊的世界。 巨大的地緣政治分歧正在破壞全球團結和信任。 這條路是死胡同。”

七大治理失敗

雖然我們知道該做什麽，而且不采取行動的代價遠遠超過采取行動，但我們卻陷入了短期思維，他將這種思維描述為極其不負責任和不道德的行為。 他呼籲通過以人權為基礎的深入、係統的行動來實現變革。 這對我們的全球治理項目意味著什麽？ 除了製度層麵之外，我們還需要像他一樣強調行動倫理。 他列出了七項相關人權，總結如下。

麵對戰爭，我們必須從和平權入手，按照和平新議程提出的預防衝突的權利。 麵對貧困和饑餓，我們需要社會和經濟發展的權利。 他表示，我們的經濟和金融體係存在根本性問題，需要對全球金融架構進行根本性轉變，並優先考慮發展中國家。 為了挽救可持續發展目標，9 月份的可持續發展目標峰會將成為 2023 年的核心時刻，為新社會契約奠定基礎。

我們必須結束對自然的無情、無情和毫無意義的戰爭

對自然的戰爭

作為一名環境科學家，秘書長在表達他的第三個優先事項是我們享有清潔、健康、可持續環境的權利時所使用的語言給我留下了特別深刻的印象。 “我們必須結束對自然的無情、無情和毫無意義的戰爭。” 我們正朝著致命的 2.8 度氣候變化邁進，生物多樣性遭到殘酷且不可逆轉的喪失，海洋被汙染堵塞，吸血鬼般的過度消耗水耗盡了地球的命脈，需要破壞才能結束破壞。 我們需要氣候正義來取代化石燃料行業的無底貪婪。 當化石燃料生產商的核心產品是我們的核心問題時，他們不應該繼續經營，各國應該停止補貼化石燃料。 秘書長選擇的語言更多是激進分子在街頭示威的語言，而不是外交官在會議室的語言，但是當麵對即將到來的災難之前政府的惰性和無所作為時，還有什麽可能引起人們的注意呢？ 他呼籲在 9 月召開氣候團結公約和氣候雄心峰會，並得出結論：“氣候行動是 21 世紀推動所有可持續發展目標的最佳機會。”

全球變暖的後果之一是海平麵上升，這是由於水的熱膨脹和陸地上的冰融化造成的。 在 2023 年 2 月 14 日向聯合國安理會通報情況時，秘書長警告說，這正在製造新的不穩定和衝突根源，並加劇威脅，導致低窪社區和整個國家消失，9 億人麵臨風險。 任何一個頭腦正常的人怎麽能忽視這種無法避免的危險呢？

社會自殘

繼續向大會通報情況，秘書長的第四個優先事項是尊重文化權利的多樣性和普遍性，因為文化是人類的心髒和靈魂，賦予我們的生活意義。 雖然普遍性和多樣性對於文化權利至關重要，但它們卻受到來自各方的攻擊，種族和宗教少數群體、難民、移民、土著人民和其他人越來越成為仇恨的目標。 錯誤和虛假信息正在影響包括氣候危機在內的全球問題的進展。 第五個權利是充分的性別平等，一半的人類因我們這個時代最普遍的侵犯人權行為而受到阻礙，而且情況變得更糟。 性別平等是一個權力問題，而擁有數千年權力的父權製正在重新確立自己的地位。

第六，公民權利和政治權利是包容性社會的基礎，但隨著民主的倒退、媒體成為前線和公民社會的空間消失，這些權利受到威脅。 最後，他提出了子孫後代的權利，這些權利將在明年的未來峰會上討論，旨在與自然和平相處； 確保所有人擁有一個開放、自由、包容的數字未來； 消除M的武器

屁股破壞； 並建立更加公正和包容的治理。 他創建了聯合國青年辦公室，並打算加強全球行動，建設一個適應新時代的聯合國——更加富有創造力、更加多元化、多語言、更加貼近其所服務的人民。

雖然秘書長指出《聯合國憲章》和《世界人權宣言》是走出當今死胡同的出路，但我們知道，該體係存在缺陷，阻礙了這些崇高理想的實現。 特別是，社會上的破壞性力量緊緊抓住國家主權，以此作為抵禦其自私行為的壁壘。 在全球統一體係內用豐富的國家自主權取代這種過時的範式是向前邁出的重要一步。 我們麵臨的挑戰是根據秘書長的診斷提出更好的全球治理建議，以修複這個破碎的體係。 鑒於所有這些問題及其相互關係的緊迫性，我們刻不容緩。

Global Governance Failures: Warnings by the Secretary-General

https://globalgovernanceforum.org/global-governance-failures-warnings-by-the-secretary-general/

BY ARTHUR LYON DAHL  FEB 21, 2023

If anyone should have a clear view of global governance failures, it should be UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, and he has recently provided the most damning critique of those failures in surprisingly undiplomatic language. In his 6 February 2023 briefing to the General Assembly on priorities for 2023, he warns about “a confluence of challenges unlike any other in our lifetimes. Wars grind on. The climate crisis burns on. Extreme wealth and extreme poverty rage on. The gulf between the haves and have nots is cleaving societies, countries and our wider world. Epic geopolitical divisions are undermining global solidarity and trust. This path is a dead end.”

Seven governance failures

While we know what to do, and that the cost of inaction far exceeds that of action, we are trapped in short-term thinking which he describes as deeply irresponsible and immoral. He calls for transformation through action in deep and systemic ways founded in human rights. What does this mean for our projects for global governance? Beyond the institutional dimensions, we need to emphasize, as he does, the ethics of action. He lays out seven of the human rights concerned, summarized as follows.

Faced with wars, we must start with the right to peace, preventing conflict as proposed in his New Agenda for Peace. Faced with poverty and hunger, we require rights to social and economic development. He says there is something fundamentally wrong with our economic and financial system, requiring a radical transformation in our global financial architecture with priority to developing countries. To rescue the Sustainable Development Goals, the SDG Summit in September will be the centrepiece moment of 2023, providing the foundations for a New Social Contract.

We must end the merciless, relentless and senseless war on nature

The war on nature

As an environmental scientist, I was particularly struck by the language the Secretary-General used when he expressed his third priority as our right to a clean, healthy, sustainable environment. “We must end the merciless, relentless and senseless war on nature.” We are hurtling towards a deadly 2.8 degrees of climate change, a brutal, irreversible loss of biodiversity, an ocean choked with pollution, vampiric overconsumption of water draining the lifeblood of the planet, requiring disruption to end the destruction. We need climate justice to replace the bottomless greed of the fossil fuel industry. Fossil fuel producers should not be in business when their core product is our core problem, and countries should stop subsidizing fossil fuels. The language the SG has chosen is more that of radicals demonstrating in the street rather than diplomats in a conference room, but what else might catch attention when faced with government inertia and inaction before impending catastrophe? He calls for a Climate Solidarity Pact and a Climate Ambition Summit in September, and concludes that “climate action is the 21st century’s greatest opportunity to drive forward all the Sustainable Development Goals.” 

One of the consequences of global heating is sea level rise, both from thermal expansion of water and melting ice on land. In a briefing to the UN Security Council on 14 February 2023, the Secretary-General warned that this was creating new sources of instability and conflict, and a threat multiplier, with low-lying communities and entire countries disappearing and 900 million people at risk. How can anyone of right mind ignore such dangers that can no longer be avoided?

Social self-harm

Continuing with his briefing to the General Assembly, the SG’s fourth priority is respect for diversity and the universality of cultural rights, since culture is humanity’s heart and soul and gives our lives meaning. While universality and diversity are critical to cultural rights, they are under attack from all sides, with ethnic and religious minorities, refugees, migrants, indigenous people and others increasingly targeted for hate. Mis- and disinformation are impacting progress on global issues, including the climate crisis. The fifth right is to full gender equality, with half of humanity held back by the most widespread human rights abuse of our time, and things getting worse. Gender equality is a question of power, and the patriarchy, with millennia of power behind it, is reasserting itself.

Sixth is civil and political rights as the basis of inclusive societies, but these rights are under threat as democracy is in retreat, with media in the firing line and the space for civil society vanishing. Finally, he raises the rights of future generations, to be addressed at next year’s Summit of the Future with the aim of making peace with nature; ensuring an open, free, inclusive digital future for all; eliminating Weapons of Mass Destruction; and building more just and inclusive governance. He has created a UN Youth Office, and intends to bolster global action and build a United Nations fit for a new era – ever more creative, diverse, multilingual and closer to the people it serves.

While the Secretary-General points to the UN Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the way out of today’s dead end, we know that there are flaws in the system that have prevented reaching these high ideals. In particular, the destructive forces in society are clinging to national sovereignty as their rampart against interference with their selfish ways. Replacing this out-of-date paradigm with rich national autonomy within a globally unified system is an essential step forward. Our challenge is to come up with proposals for better global governance to fix this broken system in response to the diagnosis of the Secretary-General. Given the urgency of all these issues and their interrelationships, we have no time to lose.