歡迎敘利亞難民
廖康
說起移民，人們都會想到法國1886年送給美國慶祝獨立一百一十周年的禮物——高聳在紐約港的自由女神像，這是美國移民傳統的象征。但很多人也許不記得在自由女神像底部有一塊銅匾，上麵刻著美國詩人艾瑪· 拉薩儒斯Emma Lazarus的十四行詩《新巨人》“The New Colossus”，最後幾行說：
把你疲憊、貧窮、擠成一團、
渴望自由呼吸的眾人送來吧，
把你富饒海岸的垃圾送來吧。
把喪失家園、曆經風浪的人送給我，
我在這金門一側舉燈迎迓!
無疑，這些人就是難民了。有些讀者對詩人把難民比喻作垃圾而不滿。但很明顯，詩人是在強調，美國歡迎的正是那些最窮困、最低賤、生活在最底層、無人收留、無家可歸的難民。即便富國把他們當作垃圾掃地出門，美國也歡迎。
美國就是這樣一個移民國家。絕大多數移民雖然不是難民，但更不是富人。他們有的是逃避宗教迫害，有的是逃避政治迫害，有的是逃避戰亂，有的是逃避饑饉，但更多人隻是懷著對新生活的憧憬，懷著對自由的向往來到這個新世界。他們努力奮鬥，辛勤工作，從無到有，建立起自己的家園，同時也為美國做出貢獻。
而今天，美國五十個州，竟然有半數以上的州長表示不肯接受敘利亞難民；其主要原因就是法國首都巴黎的恐怖分子襲擊事件。他們的理由是，恐怖分子會混在難民中進入美國，給美國的安全造成威脅。新澤西的州長——共和黨總統候選人——克裏斯蒂竟然說他的州不接受任何難民，“連五歲以下的孤兒也不接受。” *
顯然，這就不是擔心什麽恐怖分子了。實際上，美國對難民的背景調查是非常嚴格的。每個難民都要經過聯合國難民局、美國國務院、聯邦調查局、國土安全部和國防部的審查，有一關通不過都不能獲得避難。審查過程需要十八個月到兩年之久。在美國進行恐怖活動的有難民嗎？自9/11以來，受到美國庇護的難民人數共有七十八萬四千三百九十五人，其中隻有三人因恐怖活動而被捕，遠遠少於通過其它方式進入美國並企圖進行恐怖活動的移民。難怪有人詰問：那美國還接受不接受從敘利亞來的學生？還接受不接受從其它阿拉伯國家來的學生或遊客？如果這些敘利亞人或其它國家的阿拉伯人已經入了其它國籍了，比如比利時，那我們讓不讓他們來呢？各種可能性還很多，美國難道要關上大門嗎？
其實，與其它國家相比，美國接受的敘利亞難民很少。從2012年至今，美國隻接受了2174個敘利亞難民，多數是婦女和兒童。與此同時，黎巴嫩雖然隻有四百五十萬國民，卻已經接受了一百二十萬敘利亞難民，比例最高。土耳其有七千五百萬人口，已經接受了兩百萬敘利亞難民。如果說中東國家有更多幫助鄰國的義務，那德國也接受了44910個敘利亞難民，瑞典接受了13220個。就連小小的瑞士都接受了2830個，超過了美國。就是在這種情況下，奧巴馬總統才宣布要在今後一年內接受一萬名敘利亞難民。這才不愧為自由世界的領袖，這才不會讓自由女神蒙羞。
有人說，你引用的那浪漫詩句，你占領的道德高地聽上去美麗動人，但實際上還不是讓我們納稅人買單。對，這才是他們不歡迎難民的真正原因。他們擔心難民會占他們的便宜，搶他們的工作，奪走他們的機會。我也是美國公民，但我並沒有這種擔心。因為我知道新移民，尤其是難民誌氣最高，幹勁最大。他們才不會占我們的便宜。正相反，他們是美國發展的動力之一。
我沒有統計數字，但看看身邊的人吧。是誰在工作著？是誰在吃救濟？我沒有見到過一個新移民靠納稅人養活。那些依靠福利製，領取食品券，還有出賣尊嚴，以要飯為生的懶漢不都是在美國生活了很多代的人嗎？當然，我說的那些人不包括有病或身體殘疾的不幸者，而是指有工作能力，卻不肯努力的人。他們早已失去了新移民的進取精神，淪落為懶惰、吸毒、酗酒的俘虜。美國的失業率今年五月仍是5.5%，但我們知道這在很大程度上是假象。其實不是沒有工作，而是很多人不肯工作。我們這些第一代移民都知道，要想打工，總有的幹。誰都可以在美國謀生，隻要你肯幹那些懶漢不願意幹的工作。所謂移民搶了美國公民的飯碗，那不是政客騙人的鬼話，就是懶漢自欺欺人的借口。
敘利亞難民的敵人和我們的敵人是共同的。我們無論從道義上，還是從利益上考慮，都應該盡量接受經過嚴格審查，投奔美國來的難民。如果遠在巴黎的一次恐怖襲擊就打掉了美國的信仰，就讓美國成為驚弓之鳥，就改變了美國的移民國策，那才真是恐怖主義的勝利。我相信，自由女神手持的火炬不會在我們這一代熄滅。自由女神底座上的詩句不會被美國人忘記。
* 本文引語及數字見：
http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/nov/19/syrian-refugees-in-america-fact-from-fiction-congress
2015年11月21日
LZ好天真呀。您不知道嗎？自由女神塑像下的詩句早被美國移民局改成了“Give me your healthy, your wealthy and your well educated.” 如果LZ已經移民美國，一定明白美國移民局對移民的這些要求的吧。美國確實每年接受難民，不過就像西方其他國家那樣，但是，千萬別再拿紐約市自由女神像底座上的zuo Emma Lazarus的詩句說事，那早就過時了。當下的時局是，紐約的雙子樓被穆斯林炸了，巴黎數百無辜市民被穆斯林掃射身亡。。。
腦子有病吧？紐約的雙子樓是被穆斯林裏的恐怖分子炸了，巴黎數百無辜市民是被穆斯林裏的恐怖分子掃射身亡的。不要把廣大的穆斯林和他們中間的少部分的恐怖分子畫等號。
樓主難道生活在真空？也不讀任何英文報紙？Google一下immigrants on Welfare你就知道納稅人花在新移民身上多少錢了。你也可以知道移民用福利的百分比有多大了。除非你這裏說的新移民隻是你認識的幾個留學過來留下來的中國人。
http://www.wenxuecity.com/news/2015/11/23/4732145.html
Nicholas Kristof NOV. 21, 2015 NOV. 21, 2015
AS anti-refugee hysteria sweeps many of our political leaders, particularly Republicans, I wonder what they would have told a desperate refugee family fleeing the Middle East. You’ve heard of this family: a carpenter named Joseph, his wife, Mary, and their baby son, Jesus.
According to the Gospel of Matthew, after Jesus’ birth they fled to save Jesus from murderous King Herod (perhaps the 2,000-year-ago equivalent of Bashar al-Assad of Syria?). Fortunately Joseph, Mary and Jesus found de facto asylum in Egypt — thank goodness House Republicans weren’t in charge when Jesus was a
1 of 4 11/23/15 11:55 AM
‘The Statue of Liberty Must Be Crying With Shame’ - The New Yo... http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/opinion/sunday/the-statue-of-...
refugee!
The vote by the House of Representatives effectively to slam the door on Syrian refugees was the crassest kind of political grandstanding, scapegoating some of the world’s most vulnerable people to score political points. As a woman named Maria Radford tweeted me after the vote, “the Statue of Liberty must be crying with shame.”
Yes, security is a legitimate concern. And, yes, we can’t rule out the possibility that a terrorist will slip in with the refugees. Among refugees admitted to the U.S. since 9/11, there has been about one arrest for terrorism offenses for every 250,000 refugees, according to the Migration Policy Institute.
Then again, by my back-of-the-envelope calculations there’s maybe a 100-times greater likelihood that, say, a Floridian will turn out to be a murderer over a 10-year period than that a refugee will attempt terrorism. So if we’re willing to allow Floridians free entry into other states, allowing Syrian refugees shouldn’t be a problem.
Let’s be real: Refugee admission is the most deeply vetted pathway into the United States. Even for Iraqis who worked as translators for our military, risking their lives to keep Americans alive and enjoying strong support of American officers, vetting can take a couple of years.
That’s why the 9/11 attackers didn’t enter the U.S. as refugees, but as students and tourists. If a terrorist group wants to attack America, it won’t wait two years to try to infiltrate as refugees. It’ll send people in as students or tourists, use fake or stolen U.S. or European passports, or just pay a human smuggler to take their terrorists across the border from Mexico or Canada.
In any case, the Paris attackers identified so far were of French and Belgian nationality, not Syrian. One was carrying a Syrian passport, true, but it apparently wasn’t his own and was perhaps meant to create an anti-Syrian backlash.
The Islamic State’s strategy is to create a wedge in the West between Muslims and non-Muslims. Whether that strategy succeeds depends on us: Will we clamp
2 of 4 11/23/15 11:55 AM
‘The Statue of Liberty Must Be Crying With Shame’ - The New Yo... http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/opinion/sunday/the-statue-of-...
down with the harsh reaction the Islamic State sought?
When we’re fearful we make bad decisions. That was true around World War II, when we denied refuge to European Jews and interned Japanese-Americans. That was true after 9/11, when we invaded Iraq and engaged in torture.
As George Takei, the Japanese-American actor who was interned for four years as a child, wrote in a Facebook post after the Paris attacks: “There no doubt will be those who look upon immigrants and refugees as the enemy as a result of these attacks, because they look like those who perpetrated these attacks, just as peaceful Japanese-Americans were viewed as the enemy after Pearl Harbor. But we must resist the urge to categorize and dehumanize, for it is that very impulse that fueled the insanity and violence perpetrated this evening.”
The demagoguery about refugees leaves me with an ache in the gut because, as I noted in my last column, I am the son of a refugee. Some 65 years ago, my Armenian/Polish/Romanian father was wandering Europe just as the Syrian refugees are today. Because Americans took a chance on him, I’m in a position to write this appeal for similar empathy today.
Sure, some Syrians are terrorists, but some of the people I most admire in the world are Syrian doctors and “White Helmets” who help the victims of violence. House Republicans would block these heroes, would bar even the Yazidi and Christian victims of terrorists.
Republican leaders say they simply want to tighten security to keep America safe. That’s an echo of what American officials claimed in the late 1930s and early 1940s as they blocked the entry of Jewish refugees.
Breckinridge Long, then a senior State Department official in charge of visas, warned that Nazi spies were trying to enter the U.S. as refugees. In the name of security, he established vetting rules so strict that few Jews could pass.
“We can delay and effectively stop for a temporary period of indefinite length the number of immigrants,” Long boasted in a 1940 memo. His callous security requirements led to the deaths of many tens of thousands of Jews.
3 of 4 11/23/15 11:55 AM
‘The Statue of Liberty Must Be Crying With Shame’ - The New Yo... http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/opinion/sunday/the-statue-of-...
Yes, security was a legitimate concern then, as it is now, but security must be leavened with common sense and a bit of heart.
To seek to help desperate refugees in a secure way is not nai?vete?. It’s not sentimentality. It’s humanity.
I invite you to sign up for my free, twice-weekly newsletter. When you do, you’ll receive an email about my columns as they’re published and other occasional commentary. Sign up here.I also invite you to visit my blog, On the Ground. Please also join me on Facebook and Google+, watch my YouTube videos and follow me on Twitter (@NickKristof).
A version of this op-ed appears in print on November 22, 2015, on page SR9 of the New York edition with the headline: ‘The Statue of Liberty Must Be Crying’ .
? 2015 The New York Times Company
4 of 4 11/23/15 11:55 AM
像你這樣的閱曆真的應該少在公共場合發言。還有就是你應該多了解一些伊斯蘭教，以及當今世界穆斯林團體之間關係什麽的。
不久前國防部的一個計劃失敗，就是在招募可以派出境外執行任務的穆斯林時，找不到誌願對抗IS的。他們有別的宗教和政治敵人。在招募問卷裏一堆'誌願於打擊XXX'的選項中，令人吃驚的，幾乎沒人選擇'打擊IS'。
https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/stop-resettlement-syrian-refugees-america
作者怎麼知道這些中東難民來了就是勞動市場的急先鋒？事實是穆斯林跟東亞人完全不一樣，他們到了歐洲後不去工作，每家拚命生孩子，每天就去清真寺禱告，一天禱告五次
==== 同意
他們的文化有問題，他們後代才令人擔心。
我反對這些難民，他們的美國夢是什麽我不知道，我知道他們的子女的美國夢很可能和我們不同。看看襲擊巴黎的這些當地二代們，不缺吃不缺穿，可人家心目中的美好世界是不同的，人家要改造你。
幹脆抄來：
6 Reasons to Welcome Syrian Refugees After Paris
After the attacks on Paris, many politicians--including (so far) the governors of Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Michigan, and Texas--have called for stopping refugee flows to the United States from the Middle East, claiming that the refugee process poses a major threat to America's security. Here are six reasons why ending U.S. refugee resettlement is a senseless and reactionary approach:
1. The Paris attackers were not refugees: Assuming that the user of a fake Syrian passport found near the body of an attacker belonged to the attacker, which isn't clear, he exploited the flow of people into Europe, but he was not a refugee. He did not receive refugee designation from the United Nations or vetting from intelligence agencies. He was never approved for refugee status in any country. To become a refugee in the United States, you undergo a multi-stage vetting process and only after receiving U.N. designation by trained officers in the field. The U.S. can vet refugees prior to admission, which means we can weed out terrorists and those most likely to become involved in terrorism, accepting only the most vulnerable. Europe cannot do the same. What happened in Paris is not applicable to the U.S. refugee process.
2. U.S. refugees don't become terrorists: The history of the U.S. refugee program demonstrates that the lengthy and extensive vetting that all refugees must undergo is an effective deterrent for terrorists. Since 1980, the U.S. has invited in millions of refugees, including hundreds of thousands from the Middle East. Not one has committed an act of terrorism in the U.S. Traditional law enforcement and security screening processes have a proven record of handling the threat from refugees.
3. Other migration channels are easier to exploit than the U.S. refugee process: The previous point can also be made another way. Non-refugees have carried out all terrorist attacks over the past 35 years. That means they used other means to arrive in the U.S. All of the 9/11 hijackers used student or tourist visas. These visas are much easier and faster to obtain than refugee status, which takes up to two years and requires a multi-stage vetting process and U.N. referral. Refugee status is the single most difficult way to come to the U.S. It makes no sense for a terrorist to try to use the resettlement process for an attack.
4. ISIS sees Syrian refugees as traitors: According to ISIS, Syrian Muslim refugees are traitors to the radical Islamic cause. "It is correct for Muslims to leave the lands of the infidel for the lands of Islam, but not vice versa," one ISIS video said in September. Here are several other examples of similar condemnation from this year. Nearly 90 percent of displaced Syrians in Turkey have no sympathy for ISIS at all, even though ISIS is fighting the person, Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad, who most refugees see as their main enemy. Kurdish and Christian refugees see ISIS as their main foe. Some have speculated that the attacker in Paris intentionally left the fake Syrian passport near his body to help turn the West against Syrian refugees. Turning away Syrian refugees plays into ISIS's hands.
5. Turning away allies will make us less safe: Callous disregard for the fate of refugees--our potential allies in the war against ISIS--will drive them back into the hands of the person they are fleeing: Bashar al-Assad, the hated Syrian dictator. This will lead some refugees to see ISIS as their only remaining ally and safeguard against Assad. The evidence in the academic literature is that keeping refugees penned-up in camps near the zone of conflict increases terrorism in those areas, but resettling them outside of those areas does not. During the Cold War, we used refugee resettlement to gain foreign policy assets, spies, allies, and spokesmen to refute the enemy's propaganda. In the fight against ISIS, allies gained from aiding refugees will be as important as any weapon we have.
6. America should demonstrate moral courage: During World War II, the U.S. turned away Jews due to security concerns. We sent shiploads back to the camps because we were scared that Nazi spies could hide in their midst (which was not an entirely unfounded concern). The lesson of the Holocaust, as I noted here, is that we must deal with threats without rejecting our ethical obligations. We must not send those fleeing persecution back to their persecutors. The definition of moral courage is to resist allowing fear to overwhelm our humanity.
Update: No, the Boston bombers were not refugees. They came over as the very young children of an asylee, which is a completely different vetting process.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-bier/syrian-refugees-paris_b_8577480.html
對伊斯蘭教毫無了解才會有此線上這些歪曲，我懶得一一駁斥。ISIS的主要作戰對象是不純潔的穆斯林，他們殺死的穆斯林遠遠多於不信伊斯蘭教的人。不要把伊斯蘭教極端分子和大多數穆斯林混同為一體。同理，基督教徒中也有極端分子，他們不代表廣大基督教徒。ISIS是人類公敵，美國對其壯大也有責任，對其後果應該有所擔當。也應該與法俄聯手，滅了它。
我不信任何教，隻是站在人道主義的立場上說話。但我並不是隻談理想，不考慮利益。我沒有見到任何人說出收留難民的可能並可信的利益損失，無可論戰。
看不懂“不定時炸彈”是什麽意思？可以原諒。
但是開罵就未免有些丟了自己假惺惺的“善良”臉麵了，對潛在的恐怖分子體貼入味，對表達不同意見的人，惡毒詛咒，難道就是你的安身立命所在？
與你相反，把一個不定時炸彈放在家裏，整天讓人提心吊膽，你能安心，你可以因此而活得很好，我做不到。
我可以捐款去幫助別人，但是絕不同意拿我的稅金去引進“危險”。正如我前麵說過的，你大可給聯邦政府寫信，要求那些難民成為你的鄰居，但是你不能因為別人不願意而強人所難。這裏是個民主國家，你的意誌不能強加給別人。
最好的人道救援方式是在穆斯林集中的中東地區開辟新的難民區，給予經濟教育和醫療援助。雖然花費巨大但是比起把恐怖分子迎進你家裏來可能造成的破壞，那還是要小得多。
你要是實在要表愛心，把難民迎到你家裏，好吃好喝招待，出了事你負責。你有你的自由發揮你的愛心，不要強迫別人。這也是自由民主的精神。
回複 '匆匆客' 的評論 : 這世界隻考慮自己，不考慮別人，就能安身立命了嗎？？？
-------------------------------------------------------
對不起，我沒有那麽大的世界觀，考慮自己都還考慮不過來呐，沒有資格去考慮那些恐怖分子的安危。你們有如此的胸懷，請把這些難民，安置到你家，一方麵體現出你們的大世界觀，另一方麵也請你們注意一下他們的動向，讓其他人放心。才是解決問題的根本之法，
無論你們對穆斯林多麽好，多麽包容，他們每天都在念消滅你們的《古蘭經》，並且為此磕頭、禁食和禱告。
奴役你們，消滅你們，是真主的命令。
這就是伊斯蘭的核心——“聖戰”，也是美國因勢利導，培植並利用伊斯蘭恐怖主義來禍害別國，在貨幣戰爭的戰略中用來禍害別國的重要武器。
《博大精深，源遠流長的伊斯蘭欺騙藝術和聖戰文化》
網址：http://t.cn/RzzCCcS
《伊斯蘭本質：我們因何而恐懼： 一個一千四百年的秘密【視頻】》
視頻地址：http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/_uj30X_NugU