Dissociative Disorders分離性疾病(二)

Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly multiple personality disorder)分離性身份認同障礙(舊稱多重性格障礙)

A. The presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states (each with own relatively enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and self).
患者表現為兩種或以上完全不同的身份認同或性格狀態(每種狀態都有自身相對持久的與環境相關的認同,對環境和自身相關的思維).
B. At least two of these identities or personality states recurrently take control of the person’s behavior.
至少有兩種身份或性格狀態反複地控製著患者的行為.

C. Inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness.
患者無法回憶起重要的個人信息,這種狀態的嚴重程度難以用普通的健忘來解釋.

D. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., blackouts or chaotic behavior during alcohol intoxication) or a general medical condition (e.g., complex partial seizures). Note: In children, the symptoms are not attributable to imaginary playmates or other fantasy play.
這種狀態不是某種物質引起(比如,酒精中毒所引起的思維停止或混亂),也不是某種身體疾病引起(如:複雜的部分癲癇發作).如果在兒童,這些症狀要與兒童所有的想象性玩伴,或幻想性遊戲區分.


Depersonalization Disorder自我感喪失症

A. Persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling detached from, and as if one is an outside observer of, one’s mental processes or body (e.g., feeling like one is in a dream).
反複持久地經曆一種與自身分離的感覺,好象能夠象外人那樣觀察自己的精神曆程(感覺象在夢中一樣).

B. During the depersonalization experience, reality testing remains intact.
在經曆自我感覺喪失的時候,患者對現實的測試還是完整的.

C. The depersonalization causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
這種自我分離造成患者顯著的痛苦,並影響到社交,工作和其他重要的功能.

D. The depersonalization experience does not occur exclusively during the course of another mental disorder, such as Schizophrenia, Panic Disorder, Acute Stress Disorder, or another Dissociative Disorder, and is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition (e.g., temporal lobe epilepsy).
這種自我分離不僅僅出現在其他精神疾病的發作過程中,比如:精神分裂症,恐慌症,急性應激障礙,或另一種分離性疾病,不是某種藥物或毒品的對身體的影響,也不是某種身體疾病(如:聶葉癲癇)