Anxiety Disorder VI焦慮症六: Acute Stress Disorder急性應激障礙

A. The person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following were present:
患者經曆過創傷事件,要有以下兩個方麵的表現:

(1) the person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others
患者經曆的,眼見的或者是遭遇到的一起或多起事件,這些事件是死亡,或是對生命安全有威脅,嚴重的創傷,自己或他人身體的完整性受到威脅.

(2) the person’s response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror
患者的反應是強烈的害怕,無助,恐懼

B. Either while experiencing or after experiencing the distressing event, the individual has three (or more) of the following dissociative symptoms:
正在經曆或已經經曆痛苦的事件的患者有以下三種或更多的分離的症狀:

(1) a subjective sense of numbing, detachment, or absence of emotional responsiveness
主觀感覺的麻木,分離,或失去情感反應

(2) a reduction in awareness of his or her surroundings (e.g., “being in a daze”)
對自身周圍環境的覺察能力下降(如:恍惚狀態)

(3) derealisation失去現實感

(4) depersonalization人格解體

(5) dissociative amnesia (I.e., inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma)
分離的失去記憶(如:無法回憶創傷中的重要部分)

C. The traumatic event is persistently experienced in at least one of the following ways: recurrent images, thoughts, dreams, illusions, flashback episodes, or a sense of reliving the experience; or distress on exposure to reminders of the traumatic event.
患者持續地經曆這些創傷事件,至少有以下一種表現:反複的影像,思想,夢境, 畫麵,重現創傷事件場景,或者感覺猶如再次經曆創傷事件;或者在提示到創傷事件時感到痛苦.

D. Marked avoidance of stimuli that arouse recollections of the trauma (e.g., thoughts, feelings, conversations, activities, places, people).
顯著地回避引起與創傷有關的刺激(如:思想,感覺,對話,活動,場所,人物)

E. Marked symptoms of anxiety or increased arousal (e.g., difficulty sleeping, irritability, poor concentration, hyper vigilance, exaggerated startle response, motor restlessness).
顯著地表現為焦慮或覺醒(如:睡眠困難,不安,注意力不集中,過於警覺,容易驚嚇,肌肉運動無休止)

F. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning or impairs the individual’s ability to pursue some necessary task, such as obtaining necessary assistance or mobilizing personal resources by telling family members about the traumatic experience.
困擾引起臨床意義的痛苦,或導致患者社交,職業,或其他重要功能障礙,或者影響患者行使必要功能的能力,如尋求必要幫助,或阻礙患者告訴家庭成員事件經過以得到幫助.

G. The disturbance lasts for a minimum of 2 days and a maximum of 4 weeks and occurs within 4 weeks of the traumatic event.
困擾至少持續兩天,最多四周,並且發生在創傷事件發生後的四周內.

H. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition, is not better accounted for by Brief Psychotic Disorder, and is not merely an exacerbation of a pre-existing Axis I or Axis II disorder.
這種障礙不是某種藥物直接引起的身體上的反應,也不是某些身體疾病引起,也不能診斷為短暫精神失常,也不是原有的軸I或軸II