精神分裂症Schizophrenia

精神分裂症和其他一些錯亂性精神疾病Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorder

(一) Schizophrenia精神分裂症

A. Characteristic symptoms: two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated):
特征性症狀:兩項(或更多)以下症狀,在一個月的時間段內出現相當多的時候(如果有藥物的有效控製,出現的時候會較少)

(1) delusions錯覺

(2) hallucinations幻覺

(3) disorganized speech (e.g., frequent derailment or incoherence)沒有條理的言語(經常性的跑題或語無倫次)

(4) grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior嚴重缺乏條理性或緊張性行為

(5) negative symptoms, i.e., affective flattening, alogia, or avolition陰性症狀,如:情感冷淡,失語症,或興趣缺乏

Note: Only one criterion A symptom is required if delusions are bizarre or hallucinations consist of a voice keeping up a running commentary on the person’s behavior or thoughts, or two or more voices conversing with each other.
注:以上所列症狀,如果錯覺非常特殊;幻覺伴有一個聲音持續地評論患者的行為或思想,或者是有兩個或更多的聲音在交談,那麽僅需一項(極端錯覺或幻覺)即可.

B. Social/occupational dysfunction: for a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, one or more major areas of functioning such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care are markedly below the level achieved prior to the onset (or when the onset is in childhood or adolescence, failure to achieve expected level of interpersonal, academic, or occupational achievement).
發病以後,患者的社交或職業活動受到顯著影響,工作,人際關係,自我照顧都比發病前明顯下降.(如果是兒童少年時期發病,那麽發病後影響到患者在人際關係,學業等發育到應該發育的水平)

C. Duration: continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months. This 6-month period must include at least 1 month of symptoms (or less if successfully treated) that meet criterion A (i.e., active-phase symptoms) and may include periods of portrayal or residual symptoms. During these portrayal or residual periods, the signs of the disturbance may be manifested by only negative symptoms or two or more symptoms listed in criterion A present in an attenuated for m (e.g., odd beliefs, unusual perceptual experiences).
發病持續時間:症狀不間斷出現至少六個月.這六個月裏,至少有一個月達到特征性症狀A裏的標準(如果有藥物的有效控製,症狀會輕一些)和一些症狀輕微的時段.在症狀輕微的時段,患者可能隻出現陰性症狀或兩項,兩項以上的輕微的A裏的症狀(如:奇怪的信念,稀奇的知覺).

D. Schizoaffective and Mood Disorder exclusion: Schizoaffective disorder and Mood Disorder With Psychotic Features have been ruled out because either (1) no Major Depressive, Manic or Mixed Episodes have occurred concurrently with the active phase symptoms; or (2) if mood episodes have occurred during active-phase symptoms, their total duration has been brief relative to the duration of the active and residual periods.
情感分裂和情緒障礙的排除:由以下標準排除情感分裂和情緒障礙,因為(1)沒有重度憂鬱症,躁狂,或二者混合發生在精神分裂發作活躍期;(2)如果情緒障礙有所發生,其持續時間也遠短於精神分裂發作的活躍期.

E. Substance/general medical condition exclusion: The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.
毒品或全身性疾病的排除:A裏的症狀不是直接由毒品或藥物引起(如:存在毒品或藥品濫用),也不是由某種全身性疾病引起.

F. Relationship to a Pervasive Developmental Disorder: If there is a history of Autistice Disorder or another Pervasive Developmental Disorder, the additional diagnosis of Schizophrenia is made only if prominent delusions or hallucinations are also present for at least a moth (or less if successfully treated).
與廣泛性發育障礙的關係:如果患者有自閉或廣泛性發育障礙,那麽顯著的錯覺或幻覺必須存在至少一個月方可診斷在這些發育障礙以外加有精神分裂.