與尼古丁相關的疾病Nicotine-Related Disorders

與尼古丁相關的疾病Nicotine-Related Disorders

    Nicotine dependence尼古丁成癮

    Nicotine withdrawal尼古丁的戒斷症狀

Nicotine withdrawal尼古丁的戒斷症狀

A. Daily use of nicotine for at least several weeks.每日使用尼古丁至少達幾周之久

B. Abrupt cessation of nicotine use, or reduction in the amount of nicotine used, followed within 24 hours by four （or more) of the following signs:
在使用尼古丁後的24小時內驟然停止使用或減少了尼古丁的用量,從而出現以下四項或更多的表現:

(1) dysphoric or depressed mood煩躁不安或抑鬱的情緒

(2) insomnia失眠

(3) irritability, frustration, or anger易怒,沮喪,或憤怒

(4) anxiety焦慮

(5) difficulty concentrating注意力難於集中

(6) restlessness不安

(7) decreased heart rate心率減慢

(8) increased appetite or weight gain食欲增加或體重增加

C.  The symptoms in Criterion B cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
以上症狀嚴重到影響人的社會,職業和其他中亞的功能.

D. The symptoms are not due to a general medical condition and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder.
以上症狀不是由於某種全身性疾病引起,也不符合其他精神疾病的診斷.

(應朋友建議,我會尋找相關資料,比較大麻和尼古丁的作用)