Amphetamine Intoxication and Withdrawal安非他明的中毒和戒斷

Amphetamine Intoxication安非他明的中毒

A. Recent use of amphetamine or a related substance (e.g., methylphenidate)
近期使用了安非他明或類似毒品(如:利他靈)

B. Clinically significant maladaptive behavioural or psychological changes (e.g., euphoria or affective blunting; changes in sociability; hyper vigilance; interpersonal sensitivity; anxiety, tension, or anger; stereotyped behaviors; impaired judgment; or impaired social or occupational functioning) that developed during, or shortly after, use of amphetamine or a related substance.
臨床表現為顯著的行為和精神失常(比如:過度興奮或者是情感的過度遲鈍,憤怒;機械的行為;社交行為出現變化;過度警覺;判斷能力失常;人際交往變得敏感;焦慮;緊張;社交或工作能力失常),這些現象發生發展在使用安非他明及其類似毒品其間或使用後的短時間內.

C. Two (or more) of the following, developing during, or shortly after, use of amphetamine or a related substance:
以下兩項或多項發生在使用安非他明及其類似毒品時,或使用後的短期內

(1) tachycardia or bradycardia心動過速或過緩

(2) papillary dilation乳突狀結構的散開

(3) elevated or lowered blood pressure血壓升高或降低

(4) perspiration or chills冷汗

(5) nausea or vomiting惡習,嘔吐

(6) evidence of weight loss體重明顯減輕

(7) psychomotor agitation or retardation精神運動的不安或遲鈍

(8) muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias
肌肉無力,呼吸抑製,胸痛,心律失常

(9) confusion, seizures, dyskinesias, dystonias, or coma
思維混亂,癲癇發作,肌肉運動和張力失調,昏迷

D. The symptoms are not due to a general medical condition and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder.
以上症狀不是由其他全身性疾病引起,也不符合其他精神疾病的診斷


Amphetamine withdrawal安非他明的戒斷

A. Cessation of (or reduction in) amphetamine (or related substance) use that has been heavy and prolonged.
長期大量地使用安非他明或類似毒品後停止使用或減量
B. Dysphoric mood and two (or more) of the following physiological changes, developing within a few hours to several days after Criterion A：
情緒煩躁不安並伴有以下兩項或多項身體上的改變,它們出現在診斷A指出的停止使用或減量的數小時或數天內

(1) fatigue疲勞

(2) vivid, unpleasant dreams生動地惡夢

(3) insomnia or hypersomnia失眠或者噬睡

(4) increased appetite食欲大增

(5) psychomotor retardation or agitation精神運動的遲鈍或不安

C. The symptoms in Criterion B cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
以上症狀導致顯著的身體不正常,引起社交,工作或其他功能的失常

D. The symptoms are not due to a general medical condition and are not better accounted for by another mental disorder.
以上症狀不是由其他全身性疾病引起,也不符合其他精神疾病的診斷.