Dementia of the Alzheimer's type 老年癡呆型的癡呆症

A. The development of multiplecognitive deficits manifested by both

多個方麵的認知出現問題,主要表現為:

(1) memory impairment (impaired abilityto learn new information or to recall previously learned information)

記憶障礙(不能記住新學習的事物,或者不能回憶以前學到的東西)

(2) one (or more) of the followingcognitive disturbances:

以下一(或多方麵)認知障礙

(a) aphasia (language disturbance)

失語症(語言障礙)

(b) apraxia (impaired ability to carryout motor activities despite intact motor function)

失用症(雖然運動係統的功能完好,卻不能執行肌肉運動)

(c) agnosia (failure to recognize oridentify objects despite intact sensory function)

失認症(盡管感覺係統功能完好,卻不能認識或識別物體)

(d) disturbance in executivefunctioning (i.e., planning, organizing, sequencing, abstracting)

執行功能障礙(例如:不能做計劃,不能整理,沒有條理,不能進行概括)

B. The cognitive deficits in CriteriaA1 and A2 each cause significant impairment in social or occupationalfunctioning and represent a significant decline from a previous levelof functioning.

以上兩大方麵的障礙嚴重影響了人在社會,事業方麵的功能,與發病前相比有顯著的功能減退

C. The course is characterized bygradual onset and continuing cognitive decline.

發病進程是漸進的,並且是持續的

D. The cognitive deficits in CriteriaA1 and A2 are not due to any of the following:

以上兩大方麵的障礙不是因為以下原因引起

(1) other central nervous systemcondtions that cause progressive deficits in memory and cognition(e.g., cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington'sdisease, subdural hematoma, normal-pressure , brain tumor)

其他中樞神經係統的損傷導致記憶和認知功能的漸進丟失(如:腦血管病,巴金森氏病,杭廷頓氏症,腦膜下血腫,正常壓力下的腦積水,腦腫瘤)

(2）systemicconditions that are known to cause dementia (e.g., hypothroidism,vitamin B12 or folic acide deficiency, niacin deficiency,hypercalcemia, neurosyphilis, HIV infection)

已知的可以引起癡呆的全身性疾病(如:甲狀腺機能減退,維生素B12或葉酸缺乏,尼胺酸缺乏,高鈣血症,神經性梅毒,HIV感染)

(3) substance-induced conditions

藥物或毒品引起

E. The deficits do not occurexclusively during the course of a delirium.

以上障礙不是僅僅出現在神智不清的發病過程中

F. The disturbance is not betteraccounted for by another Axis I disorder (e.g., Major DepressiveDisorder, Schizophrenia).

以上障礙也不能符合其他與認知有關的精神疾病(如,憂鬱症,精神分裂症)