Vascular Dementia (formerly mult-infarct dementia)血管性癡呆

A. The development of multiplecognitive deficits manifested by both

多個方麵的認知出現問題,主要表現為:

(1) memory impairment (impaired abilityto learn new information or to recall previously learned information)

記憶障礙(不能記住新學習的事物,或者不能回憶以前學到的東西)

(2) one (or more) of the followingcognitive disturbances:

以下一(或多方麵)認知障礙

(a) aphasia (language disturbance)

失語症(語言障礙)

(b) apraxia (impaired ability to carryout motor activities despite intact motor function)

失用症(雖然運動係統的功能完好,卻不能執行肌肉運動)

(c) agnosia (failure to recognize oridentify objects despite intact sensory function)

失認症(盡管感覺係統功能完好,卻不能認識或識別物體)

(d) disturbance in executivefunctioning (i.e., planning, organizing, sequencing, abstracting)

執行功能障礙(例如:不能做計劃,不能整理,沒有條理,不能進行概括)

B. The cognitive deficits in CriteriaA1 and A2 each cause significant impairment in social or occupationalfunctioning and represent a significant decline from a previous levelof functioning.

以上兩大方麵的障礙嚴重影響了人在社會,事業方麵的功能,與發病前相比有顯著的功能減退

C. Focal neurological signs andsymptoms (e.g., exaggeration of deep tendon reflexes, extensorplantar response, pseudobulbar paslsy, gait abnormalities, weaknessof an extremity) or laboratory evidence indicative of cerebrovasculardisease (e.g., multipe infarctions involving cortex and underlyingwhite matter) that are judged to be etiologically related to thedisturbance.

麵部神經症狀在病因學上與以上記憶和認知障礙相關(如:深部肌腱反應過度,伸張反應出現,步態不正常,某個肢端無力),或者實驗室檢查發現有腦血管疾病(如:大腦皮層或白質下有多出栓塞)

D. The deficits do not occurexclusively during the course of a delirium.

以上記憶和認知障礙不隻是出現在神智不清的時候.