Stuttering (口吃)

A. Disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech (inappropriate for the indicidual"s age), characterized by frequent occurrences of one or more of the following:
說話沒有正常的語速和流暢程度(相對於一定年紀而言),經常發生以下一種或多種情況:
  (1) sound and syllable repetitions;
  發音和音節重複;
  (2) sound prolongations
  發音延長
  (3) interjections
  使用感歎詞(如"啊,啊,啊,,,嗯,嗯,嗯,,,,)
  (4) broken words (e.g., pauses within a word)
  詞句不連貫
  (5) audible or silent blocking (filled or unfilled apuses in speech)
  語句中明顯地停頓
  (6) circumlocutions (word substitutions to avoid problematic words)
  迂回或避免說某些引起發音困難的詞
  (7) words produced with an excess of physical tension
  發音的時候身體很費勁
  (8) monosyllablic whole-word repetitions (e.g., "I-I-I-I see him")
   單音節或整個詞的重複,如"我,我,我,,,,

B. The disturbance in fluency interferes with academic or occupational achievement or with social communication.
說話不流暢的程度已經影響到學業和社會交往活動
C. If a speech-motor or sensory deficit is present, the speech difficulties are in excess of those usually associated with these problems.
如果患者還有語言運動和感覺係統的缺陷,那麽口吃的症狀要超過由語言運動和感覺係統缺陷帶來的障礙.