交流障礙(Communication disorders)

交流障礙(Communication disorders)
1.表達性語言交流障礙( Expressive language disorder)

A. The scores obtained from standardized individually administered measures of expressive language development are substantially below those obtained from standardized measures of both nonverbal intellectural capacity and receptive language development. The disturbance may be manifest clinically by symptoms that include having a markedly limited vocabular, making errors in tense, or having difficulty recalling words or producing sentences with developmentally appropriate length or complexity.
表達性語言發育程度的測試水平(包括語言性和非語言性表達能力)顯著低於平均水平.這種能力的缺陷在臨床症狀表現為明顯的詞匯貧乏,用錯時態,難以尋找詞匯,不能成句表達意思.

B. The difficulties with expressive language interfere with academic or occupational achievement or with social communication.
這種表達性語言障礙嚴重影響就學和就業,也影響社交.

C. Criteria are not met for mixed receptive-expressive language disorder or a pervasive developmental disorder.
這種障礙有別於語言表達和語言理解混合性障礙,也有別於整體性的發育障礙.

D. If mental retardation, a speech-moto or sensory deficit or a neurological condition is present, code the condition on Axis III.
如果有精神發育遲緩,控製語言的運動肌肉和感覺神經有缺陷,神經性缺陷等現象存在,則不屬於這種障礙的診斷範圍.