子罕篇第九

子罕篇第九 



【原文】 
9·1 子罕(1)言利與(2)命與仁。 

【注釋】 
(1)罕：稀少。 
(2)與：主張、推崇。 

【白話】 
孔子很少談到利，卻推崇天命和仁德。 

【英譯】 
Confucius rarely talked about lucre, but he had a great esteem for the will of God and virtue of humanity.

【原文】 
9·2 達巷黨人(1)曰：“大哉孔子！博學而無所成名(2)。”子聞之，謂門弟子曰：“吾何執？執禦乎？執射乎？吾執禦矣。” 

【注釋】 
(1)達巷黨人：古代五百家為一黨，達巷是黨名。
(2)博學而無所成名：學問廣博，可是沒有哪一樣專才能使他成名。俗話說：樣樣精通，樣樣稀鬆。

【白話】 
達巷黨有人說：“孔子偉大啊！他學識廣淵，隻可惜沒有哪一項專才能使他成名。”孔子聽後對門下弟子說：“我要在哪方麵去專呢？駕車？還是射箭？恐怕是駕車吧。” 

【英譯】 
Some people in Daxiangdang said: “What a great man Confucius is! He is really a scholar of profound and extensive learning, but it’s sorry to say that he doesn’t have any special skills to have his name up.” Learning this, Confucius said to his disciples: “Which aspect is my special skill? Cart-driving carts? Or arrow-shooting? Perhaps cart-driving is my special skill.”

【原文】 
9·3 子曰：“麻冕(1)，禮也；今也純(2)，儉(3)，吾從眾。拜下(4)，禮也；今拜乎上，泰(5)也。雖違眾，吾從下。” 

【注釋】 
(1)冕：禮帽。 
(2)純：黑絲。 
(3)儉：儉省。
(4)拜下：在堂下跪拜。 
(5)泰：傲慢失禮。 

【白話】 
孔子說：“用麻布做禮帽，是以前的規定；現在用絲綢，比較節約，我隨大溜。在堂下拜見君主，是以前的規定；現在都堂上拜，很失禮。雖然違背大眾時尚，我還是在堂下拜。”

【英譯】 

Confucius said: “Making hats with linen is a previous regulation. But making hat with silk now is relatively economical. I’d like to follow the general trend. Making a respectful call on the lord in lower hall is a previous rule. But it is a breach of etiquette to do it in upper hall at present. Although infringing upon popular conventions, I’d like to do it in lower hall.”

 

 

【原文】 
9·4 子絕四 -- 毋意(1)，毋必(2)，毋固(3)，毋我(4)。 

【注釋】 
(1)意：音義皆同“臆”，猜想、臆斷。 
(2)必：武斷。 
(3)固：固執己見。 
(4)我：自私。 

【白話】 
孔子杜絕了四種弊病：臆斷，武斷，固執，自私。 

【英譯】 
Confucius got rid of four defects: make groundless conclusions, making arbitrary decisions, stubbornness, selfishness.

【原文】 
9·5 子畏於匡(1)，曰：“文王(2)既沒，文不在茲(3)乎？天之將喪斯文也，後死者(4)不得與(5)於斯文也；天之未喪斯文也，匡人其如予何(6)？” 

【注釋】 
(1)畏於匡：匡，地名，在今河南省長垣縣西南。畏，受到威脅。公元前496年，孔子從衛國到陳國去經過匡地。匡人曾受到魯國陽虎的掠奪和殘殺。孔子的相貌與陽虎相像，匡人誤以孔子就是陽虎，所以將他圍困。 畏於匡，就是指這件事。
(2)文王：周文王，姓姬名昌，西周開國之君周武王的父親，孔子認為他是古代聖賢之一。 
(3)茲：這裏，指孔子自己。 
(4)後死者：也指孔子自己。 
(5)與：參與掌握。 
(6)如予何：奈我何，把我怎麽樣。 

【白話】 
孔子在匡地被困，他說：“文王死後，文化遺產不都由我繼承嗎？上天若要滅絕文化，我就不會掌握這些文化了；上天若不滅絕文化，匡人又能把我怎麽樣？

 

【英譯】 
Being surrounded in Kuang, Confucius said: “After the death of Lord Wen, could it be said that the cultural heritage hasn’t be inherited by me? If Heaven wants to destroy culture, I wouldn’t have been able to master it. If Heaven doesn’t want to, what can people in Kuang do to me?”

 

【原文】 
9·6 太宰(1)問於子貢曰：“夫子聖者與？何其多能也？”子貢曰：“固天縱(2)之將聖，又多能也。”子聞之，曰：“太宰知我乎？吾少也賤，故多能鄙事(3)。君子(4)多乎哉？不多也。” 

【注釋】 
(1)太宰：官名，掌握國君宮廷事務。 
(2)縱：讓，使。 
(3)鄙事：粗活兒。 
(4)君子：此處指貴族。

【白話】 
太宰問子貢說：“孔夫子是聖人吧？為什麽這樣多才多藝？”子貢說：“是上天讓他成為聖人，而且多才多藝。”孔子聽後說：“太宰怎麽會了解我呢？我小時地位低賤，所以會這麽多粗活兒。貴族會做這麽多粗活兒嗎？不會的。” 

【英譯】 

Taizai asked Tzu Gong: “Our master is a sage, isn’t he? Why is he so versatile?” Tzu Gong said: “It’s Heaven that made him a sage and versatile.” Learning this, Confucius said: “How can Taizai know me? When I was little, my social position was low so that I could do so many unskilled works. Do the nobility do these sorts of unskilled works? No.”

【原文】 
9·7 牢(1)曰：“子雲，‘吾不試(2)，故藝’。” 

【注釋】 
(1)牢：孔子的學生。 
(2)試：用，被任用。 

【白話】 
牢說：“孔子說過，‘我當時不受重用，所以會這些技藝’。” 

【英譯】 
Lao said: “Confucius said: ‘I was then not put in important positions, so I can master these sorts of skills.’”

 

【原文】 
9·8 子曰：“吾有知乎哉？無知也。有鄙夫(1)問於我，空空如也(2)。我叩(3)其兩端(4)而竭(5)焉。” 

【注釋】 
(1)鄙夫：低位低微的人。 
(2)空空如也：頭腦空虛無知。 
(3)叩：叩問、詢問。 
(4)兩端：兩頭，指各個方麵。 
(5)竭：盡力探究。 

【白話】 
孔子說：“我有知識嗎？其實沒有。有個鄉下人問我一些問題，我一點也不知道。我從問題的來龍去脈去問，才把問題全部搞清。” 

【英譯】 
Confucius said: “Do I have knowledge? No. A farmer once asked me some questions, but I couldn’t answer. It’s when I made a thorough inquiry that I could fully understand his questions.”

【原文】 
9·9 子曰：“鳳鳥(1)不至，河不出圖(2)，吾已矣夫！” 

【注釋】 
(1)鳳鳥：傳說舜和周文王時代都出現過鳳，而鳳的出現象征“聖王”將要出世。 
(2)河不出圖：傳說在上古伏羲氏時代，黃河中出現過龍馬八卦圖。它的出現也象征著“聖王”將要出世。 

【白話】 
孔子說：“鳳不來，黃河也不出現八卦圖。看來我這輩子算完了！”

 

【英譯】 
Confucius said: “Neither phoenix has come nor picture has appeared in the river. It seems I am finished!”

【原文】 
9·10 子見齊衰(1)者，冕衣裳者(2)與瞽(3)者，見之，雖少，必作(4)；過之，必趨(5)。 

【注釋】 
(1)齊衰：讀“資崔”，古喪服，麻布所製。這裏指戴孝者。 
(2)冕衣裳者：冕，官帽；衣，上衣；裳，下裝，這裏統指官服。冕衣裳者指為官的貴族。 
(3)瞽：讀“鼓”，盲。 
(4)作：站起來，表敬意。 
(5)趨：快步走，表敬意。 

【白話】 
孔子遇見戴孝的人，當官的人和盲人時，雖然他們年輕，也一定要站起來，從他們麵前經過時，也一定要快步走過。 

【英譯】 

Whenever meeting persons in mourning or nobility or blind persons, though they were young, he would stand up; whenever passing by them, he would quicken his steps.

 

【原文】 
9·11 顏淵喟(1)然歎曰：“仰之彌(2)高，鑽(3)之彌堅，瞻(4)之在前，忽焉在後。夫子循循然善誘人(5)，博我以文，約我以禮，欲罷不能。即竭吾才，如有所立卓爾(6)。雖欲從之，末由(7)也已。” 

【注釋】 
(1)喟：讀“窺”，歎息。 
(2)彌：更加。 
(3)鑽：鑽研。 
(4)瞻：視看。 
(5)循循然善誘人：循循然，有次序，有條不紊。誘，誘導，勸導，引導。 
(6)卓爾：高大超群，有“卓爾不群”之說。 
(7)末由：末，無，沒有。由，途徑。這裏指無可奈何，毫無辦法。

【白話】 
顏淵感歎地說：“老師的學問越仰望越高，越鑽研越深；看著在前，可忽然卻在後。老師逐步引導，用知識豐富我，用禮法約束我，想不學都不成。我竭盡全力，仍然象有座高山矗立眼前。我雖想攀登，但卻無路可走。”

 

【英譯】 
Sighing with deep feelings, Yan Yuan said: “Our master’s knowledge is the higher the more to be looked at, the deeper the more to be delved into. It seems in front, but all of a sudden, it goes behind. Our master enriched me with knowledge step by step and restrained me with proprieties and rules. It is impossible for me not to learn from him. I’ve done my best but he is just like a mountain loftily standing in front of my eyes. I want to climb it but there’s no way.”

 

【原文】 
9·12 子疾病，子路使門人為臣(1)。病間(2)，曰：“久矣哉，由(3)之行詐也。無臣(4)而為有臣。吾誰欺？欺天乎？且予與其死於臣之手也，無寧(5)死於二三子之手乎？且予縱不得大葬(6)，予死於道路乎？” 

【注釋】 
(1)為臣：臣，指家臣，總管。孔子當時不是大夫，沒有家臣，但子路叫門人充當孔子的家臣，準備由此人負責總管安葬孔子之事。 
(2)病間：病情減輕。 
(3)由，仲由，亦即子路。前者為名，後者為字，又字季路，魯國人。

(4) 臣：家臣，總管，此處指料理後事的總管大拿。

(5)無寧：寧可。“無”是發語詞，沒有意義。 
(6)大葬：指大夫的葬禮。 

【白話】 
孔子病重，子路派孔子的弟子去作孔子的家臣。後來，孔子的病好一些，他說：“仲由很久以前就這樣弄虛作假。我明明沒有家臣，卻偏偏要裝作有，我騙誰呢？我騙上天嗎？與其死在家臣手裏，不如死在你們跟前，這不更好嗎？再說啦，即便我不能厚葬，難道就會被扔到路上嗎？” 

【英譯】 
Confucius was seriously ill. Tzu Lu sent a disciple of Confucius’ to serve him as a butler. When getting better later on, Confucius said: “Tzu Lu has long been playing false like this. It’s clear that I have no butler at all, but pretend to have. Whom do I cheat? Cheating Heaven? I’d rather die before you rather than die in the hands of a butler. Isn’t it better? Moreover, even if I cannot enjoy a stately funeral, could it be said that I’ll be thrown onto the road?”

 

【原文】 
9·13 子貢曰：“有美玉於斯，韞匵(1)而藏諸？求善賈(2)而沽諸？”子曰：“沽(3)之哉，沽之哉！我待賈者也。” 

【注釋】 
(1)韞匵：讀“運獨”。韞，收藏。匵，同“櫝”，大櫃櫥。
(2)善賈：識貨的商人。 
(3)沽：賣出去。 

【白話】 
子貢說：“這裏有塊玉，是把它收藏在櫃子裏呢？還是找個識貨的商人賣掉呢？”孔子說：“賣掉吧，賣掉吧！我正在等著識貨的人呢。” 

【英譯】 
Tzu Gong said: “Here is a piece of jade. Keep it in cupboard or find a businessman who knows what’s what to sell it out?” Confucius said: “Sell it out! Sell it out! I’m just waiting for a businessman who is able to judge.”

【原文】 
9·14 子欲居九夷(1)。或曰：“陋(2)，如之何？”子曰：“君子居之，何陋之有？” 

【注釋】 
(1)九夷：中國古代對於東方少數民族的通稱。 
(2)陋：落後。 

【白話】 
孔子想到一個偏遠的東部地區去住。有人說：“那裏很落後，怎麽能住呢？”孔子說：“有君子住在那裏，有什麽落後的？” 

【英譯】 
Confucius was going to live in a remote eastern place. Someone said: “That place is very backward. How can you live there?” Confucius said: “Gentlemen live there. How can it be backward?”

 

【原文】 
9·15 子曰：“吾自衛反魯(1)，然後樂正(2)，雅頌(3)各得其所。” 

【注釋】 
(1)自衛反魯：公元前484年（魯哀公十一年）冬，孔子從衛國返回魯國，結束了14年遊曆不定的生活。 
(2)樂正：調整樂曲的篇章。 
(3)雅頌：這是《詩經》中兩類不同的詩的名稱。也是指雅樂、頌樂等樂曲名稱。 

【白話】 
孔子說：“我從衛國返回魯國以後，才把音樂整理好，《雅》和《頌》也都安排妥當。” 

【英譯】 

Confucius said: “Since coming back Lu from Wei, I’ve already made musics well sorted out and 《Ya》and 《Song》have also been properly arranged.”

 

【原文】 
9·16 子曰：“出則事公卿(1)，入則事父兄，喪事不敢不勉，不為酒困，何有於我哉。” 

【注釋】 

(1) 事公卿：是，侍奉。公卿，古時指高級官員。侍奉高級官員，代指為國盡職。

 

【白話】 
孔子說：“在外事為國家盡職盡責，在家孝敬父兄，辦理喪事不敢怠慢，不因酒誤事，這些事對我來說有什麽難的呢？” 

【英譯】 
Confucius said: “Away from home, serve the country wholeheartedly and at home, show filial devotion to parents and friendship to bothers. When arranging funeral, dare not be careless and do not let wine spoil anything. How can it be difficult for me to do all these things?”

 

【原文】 
9·17 子在川上曰：“逝者如斯夫，不舍晝夜。” 

【白話】 
孔子在河邊說：“時光就像這河水一樣啊，不分晝夜地向前流。” 

【英譯】 
Facing a rive, Confucius said: “Time elapses like this river running forward night and day.”

 

【原文】 
9·18 子曰：“吾未見好德如好色者也。” 

【白話】 
孔子說：“我沒有見過像喜歡美色那樣喜歡美德的人。” 

【英譯】 
Confucius said: “I’ve never met anyone who loves virtue as if loves beauties.”

 

 

【原文】 
9·19 子曰：“譬如為山，未成一簣(1)，止，吾止也；譬如平(2)地，雖覆一簣，進，吾往也。 

【注釋】 
(1)簣：讀“愧”，土筐。 
(2)平：動詞，填平。

【白話】 
孔子說：“譬如堆山，還差一筐，沒堆成就停了，是我自己這樣做的；譬如填坑，隻倒一筐，但還要繼續填下去，也是我自己決定的。”

【英譯】 
Confucius said: “Like piling up a mountain, I failed to finish the job because of lacking only one basket of earth. It’s my own choice. Like filliing up a pit, I added only one basket of earth and then contimue to do like this. It’s also my own decision.”

【原文】 
9·20 子曰：“語之而不惰者，其回也與！” 

【白話】 
孔子說：“聽我說話百聽不厭的，恐怕隻有顏回一個人吧！” 

【英譯】

Confucius said: “I’m afraid there is only one person, namely Yan Hui, who is never bored when listening to my speech even one hundred times.”

 

【原文】 
9·21 子謂顏淵曰：“惜(1)乎！吾見其進也，未見其止也。” 

【注釋】

(1) 惜：可惜。孔子為何可惜呢?孔子的學生顏淵是一個十分勤奮刻苦的人，他在生活方麵幾乎沒有什麽要求，而是一心用在學問和道德修養方麵。但他卻不幸死了。對於他的死，孔子自然十分悲痛。他經常以顏淵為榜樣要求其他學生。 

【白話】 
孔子對顏淵說：“可惜呀！我隻見他前進，從沒有見他停止過。” 

【英譯】 
Confucius said to Yan Yuan: “What a pity! I’ve only seen him advancing but never seen him stopping.”

【原文】 
9·22 子曰：“苗而不秀(1)者有矣夫；秀而不實者有矣夫！” 

【注釋】 
(1)秀：稻、麥等莊稼吐穗揚花叫秀。 

【白話】 
孔子說：“莊稼出了苗而不能吐穗的情況是有的；吐穗揚花而不結果實的情況也是有的!” 

【英譯】 
Confucius said: “It happens that crops have seedlings but sprout no ears; and it also happens that crops sprout ears but bear no fruit.”

 

【原文】 
9·23 子曰：“後生可畏，焉知來者之不如今也？四十、五十而無聞焉，斯亦不足畏也已。” 

【白話】 
孔子說：“年輕人值得敬畏，怎麽知道後輩不如今人？如果四五十歲還默默無聞，那他就沒戲了。” 

【英譯】 
Confucius said: “Young deserves to be treated with awe.  How can you know that posterity is not so good as people of today? If a man is still unknown to the public at the age of forty or fifty, then he is finished.”

 

【原文】 
9·24 子曰：“法語之言(1)，能無從乎？改之為貴。巽與之言(2)，能無說(3)乎？繹(4)之為貴。說而不繹，從而不改，吾末(5)如之何也已矣。” 

【注釋】 
(1)法語之言：法，指禮儀規則。這裏指以禮法規則正言規勸。 
(2)巽與之言：巽，讀“訓”，恭順，謙遜。與，稱許，讚許。這裏指恭順讚許的話。 
(3)說：音義皆同“悅”。 
(4)繹：原義為“抽”，這裏指推究，追求，分析，鑒別。 
(5)末：沒有。 

【白話】 
孔子說：“合理的規勸，能不聽從嗎？有錯誤就改實在可貴；恭維讚揚的話，能不令人高興嗎？不過，聽到恭維讚揚隻高興不分析、對於合理規勸隻讚成不采納，對這號人我真沒轍。”

【英譯】 
Confucius said: “How can I refuse reasonable advices? When having mistakes, it’s really admirable to correct them. How can it be said that flattery doesn’t make people happy? Yet, I’m really at my wit’s end to the people who are only happy but don’t make analysis on hearing flattery and who only approve but don’t adopt others’ reasonable advices.”

【原文】 
9·25 子曰：“主忠信，毋友不如己者，過則勿憚改。”(1) 

【白話】 
孔子說：“一切以忠信為本，不結交不如自己的朋友，有錯誤不怕改正。” 

 

【英譯】

Confucius said: “Take honesty as a foundation. Don’t make friends with people who are not so good as yourself. Don’t hesitate in correcting mistakes.”

【原文】 
9·26 子曰：“三軍(1)可奪帥也，匹夫(2)不可奪誌也。” 

【注釋】 
(1)三軍：周朝1, 2500人為一軍，三軍包括大國所有的軍隊。此處為虛數，多的意思。 
(2)匹夫：平民百姓，主要指男子。 

【白話】 
孔子說：“軍隊可以剝奪主帥；百姓不可剝奪誌向。” 

【英譯】 
Confucius said: “An army can be deprived of its commander; yet a person cannot be deprived of his ideals.”

 

【原文】 
9·27 子曰：“衣(1)敝縕袍(2)，與衣狐貉(3)者立而不恥者，其由也與？‘不忮不求(4)，何用不臧？’”子路終身誦之。子曰：“是道也，何足以臧？” 

【注釋】 
(1)衣：穿，當動詞用。 
(2)敝縕袍：敝，壞。縕，讀“運”，舊的絲棉絮。這裏指破舊的絲棉袍。 
(3)狐貉：狐和貉裘皮衣。 
(4)不忮不求，何用不臧：這兩句見《詩經·邶風·雄雉》篇。忮，讀“誌”，害的意思。臧，善，好。 對應的是“否”，讀“匹”，壞、惡。相關成語有“否極泰來”，壞到極點好的來到。“臧否人物”，評論人物的優劣。

【白話】 
孔子說：“穿著破衣爛衫，與穿著華裝麗服的人站在一起而不認為恥辱，恐怕隻有仲由才能做到吧。‘不嫉妒，不貪求，為什麽不加以讚揚呢？’”子路一生都反複背誦這句詩。孔子又說：“本該如此，何必非要讚揚呢？” 

【英譯】 

Confucius said: “Shabbily dressed, but stand side by side with people luxuriously dressed without feeling ashamed. Perhaps only Tzu Lu can do this. ‘Don’t be jealousy; don’t be greedy. Why no one praises these sorts of virtues?’” Tzu Lu recited this poem all his life. Confucius said again: “He should act this way. What’s the need to praise him?”

 

 

【原文】 
9·28 子曰：“歲寒，然後知鬆柏之後彫也。” 

【白話】 
孔子說：“天冷才知道鬆柏是最後凋謝的。” 

【英譯】 
Confucius said: “It’s at the time of cold that we know pine tree is the last one to become withered and bare.”   

【原文】 
9·29 子曰：“知者不惑，仁者不憂，勇者不懼。” 

【白話】 
孔子說：“聰明人不會迷惑，有仁德的人不會憂愁，勇敢的人不會畏懼。” 

【英譯】 
Confucius said: “Wise people cannot be puzzled; noble-minded people cannot be sorrowful; brave people cannot be timid.”

【原文】 
9·30 子曰：“可與共學，未可與適道(1)；可與適道，未可與立(2)；可與立，未可與權(3)。” 

【注釋】 
(1)適道：適，往。有誌於道，追求道。 
(2)立：堅持道而不變。 
(3)權：秤錘。這裏引申為權衡輕重。 

【白話】 
孔子說：“可以一起學習的人，未必都能學到道；能夠學到道的人，未必能夠堅守道；能夠堅守道的人，未必能夠隨機應變。” 

【英譯】 
Confucius said: “There are some people from whom you can learn doctrines but it isn’t necessary to be able to gain something about doctrines. Even if you can gain something about doctrines, it won’t be necessary to be able to persevere in doctrines. And even you can persevere in doctrines, yet it won’t be necessary for you to be able to adjust yourself to circumstances.”

 

【原文】 
9·31 “唐棣(1)之華，偏其反而(2)。豈不爾思，室是遠而(3)。”子曰：“未之思也，夫何遠之有？” 

【注釋】 
(1)唐棣：一種植物，屬薔薇科，落葉灌木。 
(2)偏其反而：花枝搖曳。 
(3)室是遠而：隻是住的地方太遠。 

【白話】 
古代有一首詩這樣寫道：“唐棣花啊，翩翩地搖。我豈能不想念你？隻是由於家住得太遠了。”孔子說：“還是沒有真想念，否則有什麽遠的呢？”

 

【英譯】 

There is an ancient poem saying: “O, Tang Di flowers!  You’re so beautifully swinging. How can it be said that I don’t miss you? It’s only because I live too far from here.” Confucius said: “Still, you don’t really miss him. Otherwise it’s quite out of the question of being too far.”