桃花源記 - 陶淵明

 

桃花源記  - 陶淵明

 

    晉太元中，武陵人捕魚為業，緣溪行，忘路之遠近。忽逢桃花林，夾岸數百步，中無雜樹，芳草鮮美，落英繽紛，漁人甚異之。複前行，欲窮其林。

      林盡水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光，便舍船從口入。初極狹，才通人，複行數十步，豁然開朗。土地平曠，屋舍儼然，有良田美池桑竹之屬。阡陌交通，雞犬相聞。其中往來種作，男女衣著，悉如外人。黃發垂髫，並怡然自樂。

      見漁人，乃大驚，問所從來。具答之。便要還家，設酒殺雞作食。村中聞有此人，鹹來問訊。自雲先世避秦時亂，率妻子邑人來此絕境，不複出焉，遂與外人間隔。問今是何世，乃不知有漢，無論魏晉。此人一一為具言所聞，皆歎惋。餘人各複延至其家，皆出酒食。停數日，辭去。此中人語雲: “不足為外人道也。”

      既出，得其船，便扶向路，處處誌之。及郡下，詣太守,說如此。太守即遣人隨其往，尋向所誌，遂迷,不複得路。

      南陽劉子驥，高尚士也，聞之，欣然規往，未果。尋病終。後遂無問津者。

 

 

白話：

 

      東晉太元年間，有個武陵人以捕魚為生。一天他沿著小溪劃船而行，忘了路程的遠近。忽然來到一片鮮花盛開的桃林前麵，桃林夾著小溪在兩岸伸展開來，長達幾百步，裏麵沒有別的樹，地上的香草鮮嫩美麗，樹上墜落的花瓣紛紛揚揚。漁人對眼前的美景感到十分驚異。再往前走，想穿過這片桃林。

      桃林在溪水的發源地到了頭，緊接著就出現一座山，山上有個小小的洞口，那兒似乎有光亮。漁人丟下船，從洞口進去。起初洞口很窄，隻容得下一人通過。他又走了幾十步，眼前突然開闊起來。這裏土地平坦開闊，房屋整齊有序，田地肥沃，池塘漂亮、桑竹之類雜以其間。田間小路縱橫交錯，四通八達，小村之間互相能聽到雞鳴狗叫。那兒的人你來我往，種田勞作，男男女女，穿裝打扮，完全和桃花源之外的人一樣。老老少少，一個個都悠閑愉快，自得其樂。

      一個桃花源中的人見到漁人，感到十分驚奇，問他從哪裏來。漁人對他的問題都做了回答。他就邀請漁人到他家去，置酒殺雞，準備飯菜。村裏人聽說有這麽一個人，就都來問這問那。他們自稱先輩為躲避秦朝的禍亂，就帶著妻子兒女和同鄉一起來到這個與世隔絕的地方，從那時起，他們就再也沒有沒有出去過，於是就和桃花源之外的人隔絕了。他們問現在是什麽朝代，居然不知道曾經有過漢朝，更不必說魏晉了。漁人把自己知道的事情一件一件詳詳細細地說出來，那些人聽後都感歎惋惜。隨後其他人也都分別邀請漁人到各自的家中，拿出酒和飯菜來招待他。漁人住幾天，就告辭離開。這裏的人對他說："這兒的事不值得對桃花源外麵的人說啊。"

       漁人走出來，找到自己的船，就沿著舊路回去，一路上到處做標記作。回到郡上，拜見太守，把這些情況都做了匯報。太守立即派人跟他一起去尋找先前做過標記的地方，居然迷失了方向，再也沒有找到原來的路。

       南陽劉子驥，是一位清高的隱士，聽到這件事，就高高興興地計劃去一趟。不過他的計劃並沒有實現，不久他就病死了。後來就再也沒有打探此事的人了。

 

 

英譯：

 

During the middle period of Taiyuan years (AD 376 – 396) in Tang Dynasty there was a person in Wuling County who made a living by fishing. One day, he went boating along a stream, forgetting how far the way was. Suddenly he spotted a peach grove, several hundred square yards, sprawling along both banks and therefore making the stream sandwiched. Mixed no other trees, fragrant herbs are fresh and beautiful; f; in riotous profusion, falling petals embroider the grove with color. Rather astonished, the fisherman continuously rushed headlong attempting to reach the bottom.

 

Finally the grove ending at the source of the stream,, there appeared a hill with a cave which had a tiny mouth, seemingly a wisp of light flickering there. Leaving his boat outside, the fisherman got into the cave. Extremely narrow at the beginning, the cave allowed just one person to pass through. Yet, several decades of steps further, a vast panorama suddenly stretched before him. The lands were even and open. The houses were tidy and clear. The glory spot was pockmarked with plenty of fertile farmlands, nice ponds, mulberries, bamboos and the like. Crisscrossing, paths in the fields were accessible from all directions. Cocks and dogs could be heard. Coming and going, men and women were busily cultivating the soil. They were all dressed just in the same fashion as outsiders. Both yellow-haired old ones and hanging-haired little ones were happy and contented.

 

Astonishing when seeing the fisherman, a native asked where he came from. He readily answered all his questions. The native invited him to his homes, then busily preparing wines, killing hens and cooking dishes. Heard of such a person and other villagers immediately came and asked questions enthusiastically. They said that their ancestors came to this secluded spot together with their families and fellow villagers to escape the great disorder in Qin Dynasty. From then on, they had never been out again and therefore secluded themselves from the world. Asking what dynasty it was, they should know nothing about Han Dynasty, let alone Wei Dynasty and Jin Dynasty. The fisherman told what he knew to them who could not help having all sorts of feelings welling up in their minds. They also invited him to their home and served him with wines and foods. Staying here several days, he left. Someone said: “Here is not worthy mentioning to outsiders.”

 

Going out of the cave, he found his boat and made signs marks along the way back. Arriving in the county, he went to the magistrate and told him the whole story. The county magistrate dispatched some people to follow him and look for the place where he made signs. look for his marks. Yet, getting lost, they could not find the way again.

 

Learning this, Liu Ziji, a hermit of Nanyang, gladly planned to go. But he failed to realize his plan and soon died of an illness. From then on, there had been no one else to search for this mysterious spot.

 

 

分段譯解

 

 

原文：

 

晉太元中，武陵人捕魚為業，緣溪行，忘路之遠近。忽逢桃花林，夾岸數百步，中無雜樹，芳草鮮美，落英繽紛，漁人甚異之。複前行，欲窮其林。

 

注釋：

 

1．晉太元中：太元，晉孝武帝司馬曜的年號，在公元376- 396年間。中，中葉。

2．武陵：晉朝時的郡名，在今湖南省常德縣境內。

3．緣：沿著。

 

 

白話：

 

      東晉太元年間，有個武陵人以打漁為生。一天他沿著小溪劃船而行，忘了路程的遠近。忽然來到一片鮮花盛開的桃林前麵，桃林夾著小溪在兩岸伸展開來，長達幾百步，裏麵沒有別的樹，地上的香草鮮嫩美麗，樹上墜落的花瓣紛紛揚揚。漁人對眼前的美景感到十分驚異。再往前走，想穿過這片桃林。

 

英譯：

 

During the middle period of Taiyuan years (AD 376 – 396) in Tang Dynasty there was a person in Wuling County who made a living by fishing. One day, he went boating along a stream, forgetting how far the way was. Suddenly he spotted a peach grove, several hundred square yards, sprawling along both banks and therefore making the stream sandwiched. Mixed no other trees, fragrant herbs are fresh and beautiful; in riotous profusion, falling petals embroider the grove with color. Rather astonished, the fisherman continuously rushed headlong attempting to reach the bottom.

 

原文：

 

林盡水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光，便舍船從口入。初極狹，才通人，複行數十步，豁然開朗。土地平曠，屋舍儼然，有良田美池桑竹之屬。阡陌交通，雞犬相聞。其中往來種作，男女衣著，悉如外人。黃發垂髫，並怡然自樂。

 

注釋：

 

1．儼然：整齊的樣子。

2．阡陌：田間小道。南北走向的叫阡，東西走向的叫陌。

3．黃發：指老人，因老人頭發從黑轉白之間要有一段時間是草黃色。

4．垂髫：髫，古代兒童下垂的頭發。讀“條”。代指兒童。

 

白話：

 

桃林在溪水的發源地到了頭，緊接著就出現一座山，山上有個小小的洞口，那兒似乎有光亮。漁人丟下船，從洞口進去。起初洞口很窄，隻容得下一人通過。他又走了幾十步，眼前突然開闊起來。這裏土地平坦開闊，房屋整齊有序，田地肥沃，池塘漂亮、桑竹之類雜以其間。田間小路縱橫交錯，四通八達，小村之間互相能聽到雞鳴狗叫。那兒的人你來我往，種田勞作，男男女女，穿裝打扮，完全和桃花源之外的人一樣。老老少少，一個個都悠閑愉快，自得其樂。

 

英譯：

 

Finally the grove ending at the source of the stream, there appeared a hill with a cave which had a tiny mouth, seemingly a wisp of light flickering there. Leaving his boat outside, the fisherman got into the cave. Extremely narrow at the beginning, the cave allowed just one person to pass through. Yet, several decades of steps further, a vast panorama suddenly stretched before him. The lands were even and open. The houses were tidy and clear. The glory spot was pockmarked with plenty of fertile farmlands, nice ponds, mulberries, bamboos and the like. Crisscrossing, paths in the fields were accessible from all directions. Cocks and dogs could be heard. Coming and going, men and women were busily cultivating the soil. They were all dressed just in the same fashion as outsiders. Both yellow-haired old ones and hanging-haired little ones were all happy and contented.

 

原文：

 

見漁人，乃大驚，問所從來。具答之。便要還家，設酒殺雞作食。村中聞有此人，鹹來問訊。自雲先世避秦時亂，率妻子邑人來此絕境，不複出焉，遂與外人間隔。問今是何世，乃不知有漢，無論魏晉。此人一一為具言所聞，皆歎惋。餘人各複延至其家，皆出酒食。停數日，辭去。此中人語雲: “不足為外人道也。”

 

注釋：

1．要：音義皆同“邀”。

2．鹹：全部。

3．邑人：同一個縣裏的人。

4．延：請。

 

 

白話：

     

      一個桃花源中的人見到漁人，感到十分驚奇，問他從哪裏來。漁人對他的問題都做了回答。他就邀請漁人到他家去，置酒殺雞，準備飯菜。村裏人聽說有這麽一個人，就都來問這問那。他們自稱先輩為躲避秦朝的禍亂，就帶著妻子兒女和同鄉一起來到這個與世隔絕的地方，從那時起，他們就再也沒有沒有出去過，於是就和桃花源之外的人隔絕了。他們問現在是什麽朝代，居然不知道曾經有過漢朝，更不必說魏晉了。漁人把自己知道的事情一件一件詳詳細細地說出來，那些人聽後都感歎惋惜。隨後其他人也都分別邀請漁人到各自的家中，拿出酒和飯菜來招待他。漁人住幾天，就告辭離開。這裏的人對他說："這兒的事不值得對桃花源外麵的人說啊。"

 

英譯：

 

Astonishing when seeing the fisherman, a native asked where he came from. He readily answered all his questions. The native invited him to his homes, then busily preparing wines, killing hens and cooking dishes. Heard of such a person and other villagers immediately came and asked questions enthusiastically. They said that their ancestors came to this secluded spot together with their families and fellow villagers to escape the great disorder in Qin Dynasty. From then on, they had never been out again and therefore secluded themselves from the world. Asking what dynasty it was, they should know nothing about Han Dynasty, let alone Wei Dynasty and Jin Dynasty. The fisherman told what he knew to them who could not help having all sorts of feelings welling up in their minds. They also invited him to their home and served him with wines and foods. Staying here several days, he left. Someone said: “Here is not worthy mentioning to outsiders.”

 

 

原文：

 

既出，得其船，便扶向路，處處誌之。及郡下，詣太守,說如此。太守即遣人隨其往，尋向所誌，遂迷,不複得路。

 

注釋：

 

1．附：沿著，順著。

2．向路：舊路，指來時的路。

3．誌：動詞，做標記。

4．郡，古代行政區劃，起初比縣小，但到秦漢之後卻比縣大。

5．詣：讀“義”，到某人所在的地方。

6．太守：縣令。

 

白話：

 

 漁人走出來，找到自己的船，就沿著舊路回去，一路上到處做標記作。回到郡上，拜見太守，把這些情況都做了匯報。太守立即派人跟他一起去尋找先前做過標記的地方，居然迷失了方向，再也沒有找到原來的路。

 

英譯：

 

Going out of the cave, he found his boat and made signs along the way back. Arriving in the county, he went to the magistrate and told him the whole story. The county magistrate dispatched some people to follow him and look for the place where he made signs. Yet, getting lost, they could not find the way again.

                                                               

原文：

 

 南陽劉子驥，高尚士也，聞之，欣然規往，未果。尋病終。後遂無問津者。

 

注釋：

 

1．南陽：今河南省南陽市。

2．劉子驥：隱士。好遊山玩水。

3．高尚士：清高的書生。此處高尚並非局限於今天品德高尚，有清高自賞之義。

4．規：計劃。

5．問津：津，路。問津即問路。此處指探訪。

 

 

白話：

      

       南陽劉子驥，是一位清高的隱士，聽到這件事，就高高興興地計劃去一趟。不過他的計劃並沒有實現，不久他就病死了。後來就再也沒有打探此事的人了。

 

 

英譯：

 

Learning this, Liu Ziji, a hermit of Nanyang, gladly planned to go. But he failed to realize his plan and soon died of an illness.  From then on, there had been no one else to ask about this matter.

 

 

 

附錄：桃花源詩（陶淵明）

 

　　　　嬴氏亂天紀，賢者避其世。黃綺之商山，伊人亦雲逝。

　　　　往跡浸複湮，來徑遂蕪廢。相命肆農耕，日入從所憩。

　　　　桑竹垂餘蔭，菽稷隨時藝。春蠶收長絲，秋熟靡王稅。

　　　　荒路曖交通，雞犬互鳴吠。俎豆猶古法，衣裳無新製。

　　　　童孺縱行歌，斑白歡遊詣。草榮識節和，木衰知風厲。

　　　　雖無紀曆誌，四時自成歲。怡然有餘樂，於何勞智慧！

　　　　奇蹤隱五百，一朝敞神界。諄薄既異源，旋複還幽蔽。

　　　　借問遊方士，焉測塵囂外？願言躡輕風，高舉尋吾契。

 

賞析：

陶淵明（365—427），東晉潯陽柴桑人，字元亮，名潛，世稱靖節先生，自稱五柳先生，著名詩人。我國第一位田園詩人。《桃花源記》是陶淵明的代表作之一，約作於永初二年（421），即南朝劉裕弑君篡位的第二年。這時作者歸隱田園已經16年了。他雖“心遠地自偏”，但“猛誌固常在”，仍舊關心國家政事。身處當時汙濁黑暗的社會，他塑造了一個與之相對立的美好境界，以寄托自己的政治理想與美好情趣。《桃花源記》就是在這樣的背景下產生的。

文章以“芳草鮮美，落英繽紛”的桃花林作為鋪墊，引出一個質樸自然的化外世界。造成這一切的原因，作者沒有明說，但從“乃不知有漢，無論魏晉”一句中已隱約透露了消息：根本的原因就是那裏沒有一個高踞人民頭上為私利互相攻伐的統治集團。這個幻想中的桃源世界，對生活在虛偽黑暗、戰亂頻繁、流血不斷的現實世界中的人們來說，無疑是令人神往的。作者的簡淨筆觸，恰如其分地表現出桃花源的氣氛，使文章更富有感染力。當然，這種理想的境界在當時現實中是不存在的，隻是作者通過大同社會的構想,藝術地展現了大同社會的風貌，是不滿黑暗現實的一種精神寄托。

文章的結構也頗有巧妙之處。作者借用小說筆法，以一個捕魚人的經曆為線索展開故事。開頭的交代，時代、漁人的籍貫，都寫得十分肯定，似乎真有其事。這就縮短了讀者與作品的心理距離，把讀者從現實世界引入到迷離惝恍的桃花源。相反，如果一開頭就是“山在虛無縹緲間”，讀者就會感到隔遠，作品的感染力也就會大打折扣。“不足為外人道也”及漁人返尋所誌，迷不得路，使讀者從這朦朧飄忽的化外世界退回到現實世界，心中依舊充滿了對它的依戀。文末南陽劉子驥規往不果一筆，又使全文有餘意不窮之趣。           

【出自本文成語】

怡然自樂、豁然開朗、無人問津、世外桃源、落英繽紛、不足為外人道、與世隔絕、別有洞天、雞犬相聞、黃發垂髫、曲徑通幽、不論魏晉。