不久前在美語論壇裏拜讀了《背單詞的五大捷徑》。文中詳述五法,是高論還是謬論,看官自行定奪,不過這文章倒是有些"瘋狂英語"的味道。我個人拙見,背記單詞沒有通法,基本屬於"各回各的家,各找各的媽",找著合適自己的就是最好的(當然,參考他人啟迪自己也不能少)。我也曾蹉跎過那種"狂"背單詞的歲月,"聰明"過也笨過。現在回頭"憶往昔",看當時的我還真有點"喜劇"。在這兒把自己成為laughingstock的經曆與各位分享,希望對正在"狂背"的各位從另一個側麵有所啟發。
人說往事如煙不堪回首,其實也不盡然。歲月流失,腦門上添皺紋,實屬Mother Nature之必然。但是回首中國的學外語運動,不僅沒有不堪,還真有波瀾壯闊的感覺。共產黨自1927年成立,拋頭顱流熱血,領導人民推翻三座大山,二十年如一日,您說還有什麽能比這般豐功偉績更加艱苦卓絕的? 可這外語在中國一熱就熱了三十年,至今方興未艾,如火如荼一如當初。
想當年為了個人的解放事業,中華兒女不遠萬裏來到美國。那時出國的競爭激烈,是趕末班車過獨木橋,所以惡補英文在所難免。TOEFL、GRE,做模擬背單詞,"良藥偏方",一通忙乎。我僥幸過橋後,得了個inflated ego,沾沾自喜地跟美國外教叫板: 咱這英文去美國讀書生活應該差不多了吧? 沒想到外教給我來了句: There are a lot more for you to learn in America,口氣嚴肅! 那架式,她要是能講中國話那一定是說: 你這才哪兒到哪兒啊?
來美國後才知道,人家外教還真沒胡說,TOFLE/GRE考分好壞和來美後活得怎樣相關性不大。那頭一個學期,聽天書的滋味不好受。讀的是Public Policy,什麽政治經濟社會法律,科目多內容雜。難哪! 一是課程重,記得美國憲法課有一次要求課後讀《Kill a Mockingbird》整本書,第二天交報告(隻一個晚上),人家老美學生輕鬆,我急得冒汗嘴裏直唱國際歌(--被壓迫者的歌);二是英文實在差得太遠,聽說寫全麵跟不上,即使要努力用功也是找不找北;三是心理落差,在國內咱也是英語"優等生"啊,狂背單詞苦練口語勤奮閱讀,哪樣也沒落後啊,可如今怎麽......? 這叫一個鬱悶。
那第一個學期基本沒有"亮麗"表現,除了一不留神時漏過幾下背詞典的"功夫",創造了幾個讓人又可笑又可氣的瞬間:
1. Public vs. Pubic:
一次開Public Policy Symposium會議,係裏做的投影幻燈上應該打出醒目標題Public Policy Symposium。我看到打出的是Pubic而不是Public,就跟老師同學說了,大夥一下癟不住就樂開了,並且相互爆料: 我在班裏也犯過這個錯,你的作業中也出現過。玩笑過後老美們才想起我這中國佬,說是你看到這一錯誤不假,可你知道Pubic的意思嗎? 我還真知道,就說: Yeah, it's about hair in one's private part. 老美笑翻,說: Where did you learn that? 我答: In China -- 咱在中國背過這詞。是啊,這課堂作業事小,在正式會議上這"比差"就大了--公共政策,討論大政方針國計民生的殿堂。Pubic是個英文詞,電腦的spelling check抓不住這個錯,老美閱讀又快,容易漏過。可這一漏,就把"公共政策研討會"漏成了"陰毛政策研討會"。哦,這話太糙? 那咱就把它改成"雞毛"政策研討會。
2. Prescribe vs. Proscribe:
一次學生分組討論,討論paper時某老美同學指著文章說: I found a typo. In this sentence, the verb "proscribe" should be "prescribe". I never saw the word "proscribe" before. 可是,把prescribe替換進句中,大夥兒有覺得意思不通。我這時又"露臉"說: No, this is not a typo. "Proscribe" is correct, and it means "prohibit". 老美不太樂意信我,可把"prohibit"擺進去,意思就通了。同學又問: Gee, where did you learn that? 我又答: In China。在中國時,我也試過所謂的聯想式詞匯記憶: 詞根-scribe是"寫",加上不同的前綴可以得到一組相關的詞,比如: ascribe, conscribe, describe, inscribe, prescribe, proscribe, subscribe, transcribe等等。因proscribe詞義有點特殊,就陰錯陽差地記下了(pro- = before or forward,但pro- + -scribe = prohibit)。
3. Ubiquitous vs. Omnipresent:
有一次,老師在課堂裏口若懸河,吐沫星子飛濺,突然眼珠子落在一個詞上說: Ubiquitous? What a stupid word. You guys know what it means? 當一些同學表示yes或no時,我聽到自己嘴裏冒了一句: Omnipresent. 老師: Right, how do you know that? 這次同學替我答: He learned it in China。瞧見沒,這時我"背詞典"的功底開始有點"臭名昭著"了。Ubiquitous是個"怪"詞,想起來我是通過同義詞比較,由omnipresent而記住了它。present = existing or tentative, 這大夥兒知道,加上前綴omni- = universally,這樣一下就記住了兩個不常見的詞(其實公共車bus的全稱應是omnibus,即讓每個人都能坐的車。這樣,就記住了omni-的意思)。
"比老美學生還能",這感覺不錯呀 -- 國內不是常有這類報道嗎。通過這幾次的顯擺,我倒是拉近了與外國學生的"感情"距離(因為我的"聰明"給他們提供了笑料),但這並沒有改變我當時的英文窘境。英文程度的好壞是由美國老師和學生對你來作出評價,而不能光憑自己的"感覺",更不能聽國內報紙的誤導。也就是說,我們應該學說老美說的話,用老美用的詞,寫老美寫的文章。還要有先易後難的概念,Do not try to run before you know how to walk。想太多"如何去超越老美"不切實際也沒必要,也許更應該多想想如何才能盡量與老美"平起平坐"才是正經。不然,你記住了一肚子人家不會的詞,你怎麽和人家交流啊? 也許你就隻能去上"喜劇學校"了。
這也就是說,如果你知道怎麽用characteristic和strange,那就沒有必要去用idiosyncratic。孔老二是中國人,裝"文謅謅的"那一套在老美跟前不太管用。那時常聽老美教授說,你們外國學生學者,textbook knowledge 不錯, 但是......。這"但是"後邊,不就是說: 你們不怎麽說"人"話嗎!
在中國式的英語學習環境中成長起來的中國學生,GRE/TOEFL考分高過老美那是常事,但"高分低能"的尷尬英語,美國同學和老師還真不知該如何評價你。看你挺努力像個好學生,可上課老是"守紀律不講話",書麵作業老師經常"法外施恩"(因為你寫的是外國英語)。現在的中國與國際接觸多了,國內大中小學聘用外教已不稀罕,更改英語的教與學也許是時候了: 應該多點"鸚鵡學舌",少一點中國式的"智慧"。
在中國的時候,我"狂背"了詞典,詞匯量也"大"了,但我在美國生活已經二十年了,pubic, proscribe, ubiquitous這三個詞除上麵的例子外,基本沒再用過,新聞報刊雜誌裏也屬罕見。其實這類詞得不到經常使用,原因就在他們常被更加常用的簡單詞匯所替代,比如,proscribe被forbid或prohibit替代,ubiquitous被widespread替代。不過關於pubic的"用途",倒再次發生過: 我在某州政府的Public Service Commission工作過,和上述同樣的原因,Typo "Pubic Service" 也出現在我參加的某次會議上。當然,我們每個人的感覺,經曆和工作都不盡相同,也許有人用到讀到這三個詞的機會更會多一些。這段故事隻代表我個人的經曆。
Oh, another one ... faultfinding, but thanks. It's been proved that I am always lousy about chronology. What I've done is most definitely far from error-free and I am sure that similar faux pas will "pop up" here and there.
Thanks for the help.
Your precision is much appreciated. That was what I meant. Good work.
I enjoyed reading that book, although.
Thanks for your nice words, my friend.
To Kill a Mockingbird is a Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. Due to the multiple themes addressed in the novel, it has the genre characteristics of a bildungsroman and a Southern gothic. Upon its release, it became instantly successful and has become a classic of modern American fiction. The novel is loosely based on the author's observations of her family and neighbors, as well as an event that occurred near her hometown when she was 10 years old.
Lee's novel is widely taught in schools in English speaking countries with lessons that tie into tolerance and prejudice. The novel addresses themes such as courage, racial injustice, the death of innocence, tragedy, and coming of age, set against a backdrop of life in the Deep South. The character of Atticus Finch, the narrator's father, has served as a moral hero for many readers, and a singular model of integrity for lawyers. One writer noted its impact in saying, "In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism."
你的博客很受看。支持你多寫一些這樣的好文章。
Good for you, jollysand. Frankly I don't have any good ones for 自作多情, as its meaning in different contexts could be equivocal. It could be that one is self-conceited and falsely takes that the other loves him/her so much but actually the other does not at all. Or it could be that one is so self-centered that he or she is simply narcisistic. Still, one could just be so egoistic that he/she loves to impose his or her will on others or have his or her way around in a self-presumption that other will cater to him or her. So, I would take 自作多情 as a Chinglish thinking and try to come up with a interpretation based on a particular context.
I am actually quite inexperienced in translation which I don't care about too much. So you'll have to excuse me if what I said here is totally off the mark.
Thanks for your comment and question.
Does it really? Cool, thanks. 一字千金,你的這個to值些銀子。
LZ's writing is very humorous and enjoyable... best one I found today for casual browsing, so decided to bookmark it
The other day I saw somebody asking for a good translation of 自作多情. Do you have any suggestion?
我本以為國人練這"磚"功夫是用來拍紐約博物館或白金漢宮之類的,全球化的今天,劫富濟貧也當是跨國行業,一來與時俱進,二能顯示民族氣節,在天安門內犯案性質上有點"監守自盜"。不過,隻要功夫在,拍誰不是拍。
新年依始,祝gate-crasher(比door-opener厲害): 今年好運,財寶進門,身體健康,多打電話,少坐飛機(那玩意兒比電話貴)。
那塊“磚”可是太好使了,有了它天下無門敲不開,就連天安門都擋不住啊!嘎嘎嘎。。。
"這美國政府也得為咱中國英語教學負點責任吧"...Oh, I smell the money. 來個class action怎麽樣? 你雇律師我當證人,讓那美國政府多少賠我們一些,也好各自補貼一點電話費用。
I fully agreed with what you said. Your view is well complementary to the topic.
Incidentally, you know both the words "pubic"and "puberty". That indicates you are a vocabulary geek, too. You must have used that "brick" to have successfully opened doors that needed to be opened.
謝兄弟的留言。
其實也不能全怪咱中國的英語教學方法,背單詞學語法還不是為了應付考試,那考試分數可是塊敲門磚,咱首先得想著法子跨進這門檻是吧,要不然還真沒戲!我出國前也像你老兄一樣,整天嘴裏念念有詞,常找來一大堆曆屆試題,做得個天昏地暗,簡直像得了狂犬病。咱也知道,這語言是聽說交流和文字交流的工具,咱也知道語言是文化的涵蓋;說的淺一點,語言涵蓋著一個民族的習慣和生活習俗;說得深一點,它還涵蓋著一個民族的價值觀念,文化背景和宗教信仰。可咱有這個條件和時間去學嗎?咱得先應付考試是不?就說那GRE,有一個Section考得都是些非常拗口千年難逢的怪字,許多怪字我來美國二十三年裏都沒用過一次。這不,這美國政府也得為咱中國英語教學負點責任吧。
到了美國才知道咱根本就用不著這麽辛苦地學英語,唐人街那幫老廣二十六個字母都認不全,照樣穿金帶銀,個個都牛逼得很。那美國總統的英語水平和思想性也不過如此。在英國有一個小孩問布什總統白宮是什麽樣子的,他老人家回答:是白的。把我笑得都岔氣了。還有一回,好像是在意大利的羅馬吧,他老人家說:“I know what I believe. I will continue to articulate what I believe and what I believe ? I believe what I believe is right.”靠!他的這份喪失邏輯的自信把我這個學工程出生,平時很講邏輯的人聽得是一頭霧水!最喜歡聽他老人家一本正經說傻話:There's an old saying in Tennessee, I know it's in Texas, probably in Tennessee ? That says, fool me once, shame on --- shame on you. Fool me --- you can't get fooled again. 你看,這做總統的水平也不過如此,咱哪裏還用得著這麽賣力去學什麽勞什子英語啊!
說到Pubic這個詞還真用過幾回,這個詞常常和Puberty連在一起,家裏有teenage的少不了會用上幾次。
其實,我還真是挺同意老兄你的觀點,可是要改變咱中國學生“高分低能”的現象,光靠改變英語教學方法是不夠的,咱得先將那大環境給改了,得先將那考試內容和製度改了。那光換湯不換藥能治好病嗎?你說呢老兄?