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中美醫療保健的結症所在

(2007-09-02 06:54:23) 下一個


有人說,醫療保健的結症所在是美國和中國都把醫療保健辦成了盈利事業。換言之,醫療保健應該是種慈善事業,醫院就該辦成觀世音菩薩的救苦救難的南海福利院。這還真有點共產主義思想閃金光的味道。

我們希望當醫生的都是希波克拉第(Hippocrates)的弟子,象白衣天使,救死扶傷,天不分南北,人無論窮富,都是分文不取。把醫療事業不當成盈利事業,而當成普渡眾生的慈善事業。把病人當親人,送醫送藥上門,分文不取,可那樣誰還來當醫生啊? 豬八戒想常住女兒國、馬克思要世界大同實現共產主義、Bush總統想抓住拉登賓,那都是水中月鏡中花,代表的隻是理想境界。凡人做不到聖人的事,醫生他也是凡人哪,是人就得吃喝拉撒睡,這都得要錢! 那又該誰給醫生錢呢?

醫院和醫生都該盈利,這本身沒錯。錯在他們不該追求超額利潤,壟斷醫療市場而不顧病人死活和社會利益。這就是為什麽醫療市場需要政府幹預管製,不讓它放手成為完全的自由市場。中國和美國的醫療問題其核心問題都是市場壟斷問題。美國當醫生難,大學期間就需要十年左右,而且費用昂貴,一般人隻能放棄當醫生夢想,怕將來的金錢回收是那麽的高。醫生數量少了,醫院就少,就沒了競爭,因此就醫費用就成天價。加上現在那該死的HMO組織和保險製度(有保險後,人們就醫的頻率加大,頭疼腦熱有事沒事就泡醫生),更讓費用水漲船高。到頭來就沒有窮人的好日子過。

中國醫療界也是壟斷問題,盡管表現形式有所不同。醫院說什麽就是什麽,給什麽藥做什麽手術收什麽費,根本沒個譜。醫院對病人封鎖信息,欺詐做假甚至醫療事故致人以死都不用真正的負責賠償,病人沒其他地方谘詢投訴,這都是市場壟斷的表現。比美國更糟糕的是政府的幹涉力軟弱,甚至不加幹涉還當幫凶,助長醫院的壟斷地位。比起民主社會,中國極權的國家政府力量按說能做到想幹什麽就能幹成的地步,解放以來在共產黨領導下中國人民所創造的奇跡般的偉大成就就是例證。但反過來,什麽事在中國還沒幹成,就隻能說明政府還不想幹不願意幹。就醫療業改革來說,因政府和政府人員在現有體製中有巨大的利益,得到最大的好處,改了它也就等同於放棄或失去這份利益。與醫生一樣,政府人員共產黨人都是凡人肉胎,追求的都是私人利益,這本沒錯。但醫療改革失敗,不能照顧好廣大的人民群眾利益,卻正是因為政府不能也不願意放棄自己的私利,他們再怎麽強調改革的困難也都隻能是借口。要不你怎能解釋改革開放前中國就能建立一套相對行之有效的城市人人能就醫農村也有赤腳醫生這樣的製度,而在財富上已經天翻地覆慨而慷的今天,中國的醫療事業卻成了假藥欺詐和醫生成就發財夢的樂園!

不過,也別忘了,赤腳醫生雖然看病不要錢,哪兒都有而且人人都能看病,也就是說這種製度已十分接近非盈利的慈善事業,但他們病又看不好了,醫療質量十分低下。赤腳醫生終究當不了觀世音,菩薩有救病救災的本事,可赤腳醫生隻有紅藥水紫藥水。所以說,赤腳醫生製度也隻能是種失敗的體製。在現在的中國作為改革方案來恢複赤腳醫生製度,恐怕廣大人民群眾也不會答應。醫療改革是個難度極大的社會問題,答案恐怕要在赤腳醫生製度和完全市場之間尋找。

附希波克拉第誓言 :

I swear by Apollo Physician and Asclepius and Hygieia and Panaceia and all the gods and goddesses, making them my witnesses, that I will fulfill according to my ability and judgment this oath and this covenant:

To hold him who has taught me this art as equal to my parents and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine, and to regard his offspring as equal to my brothers in male lineage and to teach them this art - if they desire to learn it - without fee and covenant; to give a share of precepts and oral instruction and all the other learning to my sons and to the sons of him who has instructed me and to pupils who have signed the covenant and have taken an oath according to the medical law, but no one else.

I will apply dietetic measures for the benefit of the sick according to my ability and judgment; I will keep them from harm and injustice.

I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody who asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect. Similarly I will not give to a woman an abortive remedy. In purity and holiness I will guard my life and my art.

I will not use the knife, not even on sufferers from stone, but will withdraw in favor of such men as are engaged in this work.

Whatever houses I may visit, I will come for the benefit of the sick, remaining free of all intentional injustice, of all mischief and in particular of sexual relations with both female and male persons, be they free or slaves.

What I may see or hear in the course of the treatment or even outside of the treatment in regard to the life of men, which on no account one must spread abroad, I will keep to myself, holding such things shameful to be spoken about.

If I fulfill this oath and do not violate it, may it be granted to me to enjoy life and art, being honored with fame among all men for all time to come; if I transgress it and swear falsely, may the opposite of all this be my lot.

(
中譯文--摘自希波克拉底文集)

仰賴醫神阿波羅埃斯克雷波斯及天地諾神為證,鄙人敬謹直誓,願以自身能力及判斷力所及,遵守此約。凡授我藝者,敬之如父母,作為終身同業伴侶,彼
有急需,我接濟之。視彼兒女,猶我兄弟,如欲受業,當免費並無條件傳授之。凡我所知,無論口授書傳,俱傳之吾與吾師之子及發誓遵守此約之生徒,此外不傳與他人。

我願盡餘之能力與判斷力所及,遵守為病家謀利益之信條,並檢柬一切墮落和害人行為,我不得將危害藥品給與他人,並不作該項之指導,雖有人請求亦必不與之。尤不為婦人施墮胎手術。我願以此純潔與神聖之精神,終身執行我職務。凡患結石者,我不施手術,此則有待於專家為之。

無論至於何處,遇男或女,貴人及奴婢,我之唯一目的,為病家謀幸福,並檢點吾身,不作各種害人及惡劣行為,尤不作誘奸之事。凡我所見所聞,無論有無業務關
 係,我認為應守秘密者,我願保守秘密。尚使我嚴守上述誓言時,請求神祗讓我生命與醫術能得無上光榮,我苟違誓,天地鬼神實共亟之。

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