在美國,尤其是華裔,為吃憂慮的還不多,所以雖然世界上擔憂的人多了,比如聯合國剛剛公布食品價格達一年半以來最高紀錄(《路透社》World food prices rise to highest in 18 months in September,《新華社英文版》World food prices climb again as milk, sugar prices rise),美國很少見到報道的。

(聯合國滯後數據)
美國人民生在福中也是不知不覺:
美國今年食品價格一直下跌,不知道是經濟不景氣還是競爭過度激烈,居民挑剔多了是實話,但行家都說零售商超市定價“不合理”,為了搶奪顧客大家都做虧本生意,不知能維持多久。

問:我的經曆是食品價格大幅度上漲。 不知哪個地方是價格下降。答:我所知道的數據以及見到的,主要大幅降價的是牛肉、雞蛋,牛奶和奶製品。今年是吃牛排的好時候。玉米(期貨價格)大豆(期貨價格)玉米大豆價格大跌,對飼料和幾乎所有加工型的食品成本都大大減輕。
《零對衝》 列舉了幾個圖來反映食品貶值的嚴重程度:

水果

連下館子都好了
吃是便宜了,那總的消費水平,也就是生活花銷是多少呢?這個數據是財政部下的經濟數據局(Bureau of Economic Analysis)的個人消費(PCE,Personal Consumption Expenditures)個人消費價格指數是衡量通貨膨脹的另一個指標(打打架常說的是物價指數,“消費者價格指數”CPI。物價指數往往是相對的,描述增長,也就是通脹貶值率,而個人消費包括絕對數字,參見藿香子:(CPI&PCEPI)和美聯儲利率政策)。據經濟數據局的數據,今年二季(最新數據)人居個人消費是$35500,相比之下去年年底是$35100:
按美國平均家庭人口數目,今年二季每家消費$90500,去年年底是$89500。這是個平均值,不是中值(median)。聯儲三番分行有個數據分析,但給的是還比率,不是絕對值,不太熟悉,也沒有花時間琢磨,感覺是中值也不低。
美國平均家庭今年二季消費$90500,去年年底是$89500
如果平均家庭每年得消費$90000,那可不是個小數字,我在奧巴馬說百姓日子好了提到“家庭收入中值是$56500”,一比,日子沒發過。
所以對大多數人來說,還得盯著。
前幾天經濟數據局發表了按各州的數據的個人消費,

頭銜:

《華爾街日報》亮點:
- Each New Jersey resident on average spent twice as much on housing and utilities as did a West Virginian—$9,482 in the Garden State versus $4,573 in the Mountain State. D.C. had the highest per-person housing expenditures at $10,569.
- Health-care spending per person was twice as high in Alaska ($9,645) as it was in Utah ($4,796). Again, D.C. topped the list at per-capita health-care spending of $11,021.
- The nation’s highest grocery bills were in Vermont, where per-capita spending on food and beverages purchased for off-premises consumption last year was $4,196. That was almost twice the level in Oklahoma, where per-capita grocery spending was $2,282.
- North Dakotans had the biggest energy bills, with per-capita spending on gasoline and other energy goods totaling $2,994 in 2015. That was nearly six times the per-capita energy spending of $509 in Hawaii.
我按照數據列了個表:
State | 人均 | 家庭 |
District of Columbia | $55,078 | $140,449 |
Massachusetts | $49,717 | $126,778 |
Alaska | $48,666 | $124,098 |
North Dakota | $47,864 | $122,053 |
New Hampshire | $47,441 | $120,975 |
New Jersey | $47,256 | $120,503 |
Connecticut | $46,998 | $119,845 |
Vermont | $46,531 | $118,654 |
New York | $45,272 | $115,444 |
Maryland | $42,997 | $109,642 |
Hawaii | $42,778 | $109,084 |
Delaware | $42,088 | $107,324 |
Minnesota | $42,038 | $107,197 |
Maine | $41,525 | $105,889 |
Washington | $41,386 | $105,534 |
Rhode Island | $41,163 | $104,966 |
Colorado | $40,625 | $103,594 |
Virginia | $40,195 | $102,497 |
Illinois | $39,859 | $101,640 |
Wyoming | $39,825 | $101,554 |
Montana | $39,718 | $101,281 |
California | $39,715 | $101,273 |
Pennsylvania | $39,498 | $100,720 |
U.S. (全國平均) | $38,196 | $97,400 |
Oregon | $38,090 | $97,130 |
South Dakota | $38,085 | $97,117 |
Michigan | $37,775 | $96,326 |
Nebraska | $37,437 | $95,464 |
Wisconsin | $37,391 | $95,347 |
Florida | $37,020 | $94,401 |
Ohio | $36,460 | $92,973 |
Missouri | $36,184 | $92,269 |
Iowa | $35,621 | $90,834 |
Texas | $35,527 | $90,594 |
Nevada | $34,949 | $89,120 |
Kansas | $34,840 | $88,842 |
New Mexico | $34,535 | $88,064 |
Indiana | $34,098 | $86,950 |
Arizona | $34,061 | $86,856 |
Louisiana | $33,616 | $85,721 |
Utah | $33,389 | $85,142 |
Georgia | $33,353 | $85,050 |
West Virginia | $33,282 | $84,869 |
Tennessee | $33,062 | $84,308 |
North Carolina | $32,501 | $82,878 |
Oklahoma | $32,397 | $82,612 |
Idaho | $32,226 | $82,176 |
South Carolina | $32,033 | $81,684 |
Kentucky | $31,925 | $81,409 |
Alabama | $30,459 | $77,670 |
Arkansas | $29,791 | $75,967 |
Mississippi | $29,330 | $74,792 |
各州差別很大,家庭消費從華府$140000(最高)到密西西比州$74800,巨大。自然你要是有錢有勢,華府是個吃喝玩樂的好地方,表演舞台也許差點,但飯管子盡管不是世界前幾名,夠你吃的。見的都是能人,估計你也是自我感覺良好。
不過《華爾街日報》也說單看數據,書生了,現實複雜的多。

房價比較
商務部(Department of Commerce)的數據則很不一樣:
而社區經濟研究學會(Council for Community and Economic Research )的基本生活費用(衣食住行)又是一說:

大家把錢多花在哪兒了?就看你是窮人還是富人了。俗話說衣食住行,這些基本上是老百姓最擔憂的了(美國也有專項,叫Household Expenditures on Basic Needs)。布魯金斯學會的哈密爾頓小組(Hamilton Project)做了個調查,窮人衣食住行幾乎是大家所有的花銷了:

(參見《大西洋月刊》The Surging Cost of Basic Needs)
如果你們一家超過82%的收入都用在衣食住行,娛樂就沒多少了,少了娛樂,生活就沒勁,毫無動力,覺得日子沒奔頭,子女教育都到爪哇國了。
令人惱火的是,還有狗保: 你說你的醫保貴,我說我的狗保高
我舉兩個成百姓負擔基本花費的例子。
一是醫保費用,大家熟知了。
《商業內幕(Business Insider)》 Obamacare and EpiPens are causing an inflation problem
一般通脹和醫保通脹的比較:


另一個是住房費用。對於大多數已經擁房的華裔,這個負擔不大,但那是美國下半層的人租房的比比皆是,房租是個大開銷。
這是我關注的一個經濟數據圖 (聯儲) :
租金占收入的成分是越來越大。
債務是不算在家庭消費之內的,也就是說額外的。今天聯儲公布的消費者債務報告(Consumer Credit)還是老生常談,信用卡越來越放心用了:

學生債高積如山:

對廣大老百姓來說,還得精打細算啊。