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加州第 47 號提案，減少部分犯罪的刑罰倡議 (2014)
https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_47,_Reduced_Penalties_for_Some_Crimes_Initiative_(2014)
加州第 47 號提案
選舉日期 2014 年 11 月 4 日
哪些犯罪受到了影響？
該措施要求對以下罪行判處輕罪而非重罪：[16][17]
商店行竊，被盜財產價值不超過 950 美元
重大盜竊，被盜財產價值不超過 950 美元
接受被盜財產，財產價值不超過 950 美元
偽造，偽造支票、債券或匯票的價值不超過 950 美元
欺詐，欺詐性支票、匯票或訂單的價值不超過 950 美元
開空頭支票，支票價值不超過 950 美元
個人使用大多數非法藥物
2015 年 1 月，宣布多達 100 萬加州人可能有資格根據第 47 號提案更改其記錄中的過去重罪定罪。
誰支持該措施？
該倡議由舊金山地區檢察官喬治·加斯康 (George Gascón) 和前聖地亞哥警察局長威廉·蘭斯當 (William Lansdowne) 推動。 支持者將其稱為“安全社區和學校法案”。
後果
辯論：第 47 號提案是否導致加州犯罪活動增加？
第 47 號提案是一項 2014 年通過的投票倡議，它對隨後幾年犯罪活動的影響是加州辯論的話題。
是的：第 47 號提案導致犯罪活動增加。
第 47 號提案導致犯罪活動增加的說法集中在該提案將某些重罪降為輕罪的條款上。
“有些人算了一筆賬，‘嘿，你知道，我不想超過 950 美元，所以讓我偷價值 949 美元的財產吧’，”舊金山警察局長威廉·斯科特 (William Scott) 說。[1]聖地亞哥警察局長 Shelley Zimmerman 將第 47 號提案描述為“一張虛擬的免於入獄的通行證”。[2]
加州公共政策研究所 (PPIC) 發布了一份報告，該報告發現第 47 號提案與“盜竊案增加，尤其是機動車盜竊案”之間存在關聯。研究人員發現暴力犯罪與第 47 號提案之間沒有任何關係。“我們估計第 47 號提案導致盜竊率上升，每 10 萬居民中約有 135 人被盜竊，與 2014 年的盜竊率相比增長了近 9%”，報告指出。PPIC 使用合成對照組來估算該州的犯罪率。[3] 加州警察局長協會主席、摩根山警察局長 David Swing 回應說，PPIC 的結論“與全州警察局長自 2014 年以來所見的情況一致”。[4]
California Proposition 47, Reduced Penalties for Some Crimes Initiative (2014)
California Proposition 47
Election date November 4, 2014
Which crimes were affected?
The measure required misdemeanor sentencing instead of felony for the following crimes:[16][17]
-
- Shoplifting, where the value of property stolen does not exceed $950
- Grand theft, where the value of the stolen property does not exceed $950
- Receiving stolen property, where the value of the property does not exceed $950
- Forgery, where the value of forged check, bond or bill does not exceed $950
- Fraud, where the value of the fraudulent check, draft or order does not exceed $950
- Writing a bad check, where the value of the check does not exceed $950
- Personal use of most illegal drugs
In January 2015, it was announced that as many as 1 million Californians could be eligible to change past felony convictions on their records under Proposition 47. [19]
Who supported the measure?
The initiative was pushed by George Gascón, San Francisco district attorney, and William Lansdowne, former San Diego police chief.[20] Supporters referred to it as The Safe Neighborhood and Schools Act.
Aftermath
Debate: Did Proposition 47 cause an increase in criminal activities in California?
The effect of Proposition 47, a ballot initiative approved in 2014, on criminal activities in succeeding years is a topic of debate in California.
Yes: Proposition 47 caused an increase in criminal activities.
The claim that Proposition 47 caused an increase in criminal activities focuses on the proposition's provision reducing certain felonies to misdemeanors.
"Some people calculate, 'Hey, you know, I don't want to go over the $950, so let me steal $949 worth of property'," said San Francisco Police Chief William Scott.[1] San Diego Police Chief Shelley Zimmerman described Proposition 47 as a "virtual get-out-of-jail-free card."[2]
The Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) released a report that found a relationship between Proposition 47 and "a rise in larceny thefts, especially thefts from motor vehicles." Researchers found no relationship between violent crimes and Proposition 47. "We estimate that Prop. 47 led to a rise in the larceny theft rate of about 135 per 100,000 residents, an increase of close to 9 percent compared to the 2014 rate," the report stated. The PPIC utilized a synthetic control group to approximate the state's crime rate.[3] Morgan Hill Police Chief David Swing, president of the California Police Chiefs Association, responded, saying that the PPIC's conclusions "are consistent with what police chiefs across the state have seen since 2014."
