Justin Trudeau 加拿大為什麽要改變移民製度

Justin Trudeau 加拿大為什麽要改變移民製度

Why Canada’s changing its immigration system

Justin Trudeau  2024年11月17日 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOB7-dbYuCc

加拿大人口增長非常快，這給我們的住房和基礎設施帶來了壓力。因此，我們做了一些重大的事情來讓我們的人口重回正軌。我將向您介紹我們如何改變移民製度，我們在哪裏犯了一些錯誤——以及我們為什麽要做出這一重大轉變。

00:00：加拿大今天的人口
00:33：永久移民與臨時移民
01:16：加拿大的移民目標
01:39：疫情後的繁榮和勞動力短缺
03:21：不良行為者
04:22：加拿大的移民計劃
05:37：讓我們重回正軌
<<<<<<><><>>>>>>
移民。我們來談談吧。在過去的兩年裏，我們的人口增長非常快，就像“嬰兒潮”一樣快。而且，越來越多的不良行為者，如假冒大學和大型連鎖企業，一直在利用我們的移民係統謀取私利。所以我們正在做一件大事。我們將減少未來三年來加拿大的移民人數。

今天，我將告訴你們發生了什麽，我們在哪裏犯了一些錯誤，以及我們為什麽要做出這一重大轉變。加拿大有兩種移民。

你可能最常想到的是永久移民，比如當家庭來到加拿大定居並稱之為家時。每年，政府都會確定我們想要接納的永久居民的正確人數。幾十年來一直都是這樣做的。

但一個隻談論永久移民的計劃忽略了另一條途徑：臨時移民。

臨時居民是來加拿大一段時間的人，比如國際學生、臨時工等等。他們來加拿大工作或上學。當工作完成或完成學位後，大多數人會回國。有些人申請以永久居民的身份留下來，但大多數人會回國。那麽，回到今年的計劃。

從曆史上看，加拿大的年度移民計劃隻考慮永久居民。我們每年接納的臨時學生和工人的數量取決於經濟需求。

這通常隻占我們人口的一小部分，因此從未成為長期移民計劃的一部分。但在疫情過後，我們的經濟迅速複蘇。我們需要大量工人，而且要快。“加拿大正麵臨巨大的勞動力短缺。”

臨時外國工人已成為我們勞動力的重要組成部分，如果我們在規劃移民水平時不將他們納入其中，那將是一個錯誤。所以今年，我們第一次這樣做了。

我們製定了一項計劃，為永久居民和臨時居民設定了目標。

這樣，我們就可以全麵了解進入我們國家的人員，這樣我們就可以準備所需的住房和基礎設施來支持他們。

就像我說的，移民是基於需求的。當我們設定目標時，我們會考慮每個省和地區。

我們問省長們，“你們的勞動力缺口在哪裏？”“你們的人口在增長還是老齡化？”我們接到了企業、首席執行官、經濟專家的電話，他們都在分享他們對我們應該將目標設在哪裏的想法。

“過去十年來，我們一直麵臨勞動力短缺的問題。這是加拿大所有製造商麵臨的頭號問題。所以我們認為需要加大力度，讓更多的人進入加拿大。”

“安大略省正麵臨一代人的勞動力短缺。38 萬個工作崗位空缺。”毫不奇怪，每個行業在移民方麵都有不同的需求。

但在疫情之後，他們都向我們傳達了同樣的信息：在邊境關閉兩年後，我們需要更多的人、更多的工人，而且要快。所以我們引進了更多的工人。這是正確的選擇。

這個辦法奏效了。我們的經濟增長了。餐館和商店重新開業。企業繼續營業。但最重要的是，盡管許多經濟學家都做出了預測，但我們避免了最壞的情況：經濟衰退。

但有些人認為這是獲利的機會，是玩弄體製的機會。我們已經看到太多大公司這樣做了。“政府表示，在某些情況下，該計劃被用來繞過雇用加拿大工人。”

太多的學院和大學利用國際學生來提高他們的利潤。“有文憑相當於小狗工廠，隻是在大量生產文憑。

存在欺詐和濫用，必須停止。”因為他們可以為這些學生收取數萬美元的學費。然後，還有一些真正壞人公然剝削人們，他們以工作、文憑和輕鬆獲得公民身份的途徑為目標，向弱勢移民承諾——這些承諾永遠不會實現。

回想起來，當疫情後的繁榮冷卻下來，企業不再需要額外的勞動力幫助時，作為一個聯邦團隊，我們本可以更快地采取行動，更快地關閉水龍頭。

“現在是時候做出調整來穩定我們所需要的移民製度，並讓它

這對加拿大人來說是正確的——就目前而言。”

移民主要是聯邦政府的工作。我們有能力控製它。所以我們正在這樣做。
“這是一個巨大的變化。”“大幅削減移民數量，將永久移民水平降低至少 20%。”“一係列新措施打擊臨時移民。”“這意味著國際學生、臨時外國工人的數量會減少……”

加拿大的新移民計劃很簡單：減少進入加拿大的新移民數量，包括臨時和永久移民。

我們優先考慮擁有我們所需技能的永久居民，比如醫院的醫護人員和將建造更多房屋的建築工人。那些已經在加拿大的臨時居民呢？有些人會申請以永久居民的身份留在加拿大。由於他們已經在這裏定居並工作，因此對社區的額外壓力非常小。

或者他們會在臨時居留權到期後離開加拿大，從而減少我們的人口。

一些臨時居民可能會在簽證到期後求助於我們的庇護製度，作為留在加拿大的捷徑。

這些申請將得到分析和處理，如果他們的申請失敗，他們將被遣返回國。在來來往往的人數之間，我們將在未來兩年內有效暫停人口增長。然後，從 2027 年開始，人口將達到平衡，並開始以可持續的速度緩慢增長。事實上，這將使我們回到疫情之前的人口增長路徑。

這次暫停將使我們的經濟和社區有機會迎頭趕上，
例如我們計劃建造數百萬套房屋。這不會停止。但現在我們在建設時將有更多的喘息空間。

我們將看到更多公司投資於加拿大工人和青年，而不是依賴廉價的外國勞動力。我們對國際學生的限製已經降低了大城市的租金，隨著我們保持這一上限，租金將繼續下降。
我們正在讓這個係統為加拿大人和新移民服務，而不是為利用它的大賣場、連鎖餐廳、移民顧問和假大學服務。

移民是一件偉大的事情，我們很幸運有這麽多人夢想來到我們的國家。實現這個夢想取決於有一份好工作、一個體麵的住所，以及在需要時可以獲得的醫療保健。

我們必須確保我們的人口不會領先於這些事情。我可以簡而言之嗎？人們仍然這麽說嗎？或者這是 50 年代的表達方式？你可以說，我們會這麽做。這是我們的新計劃。

減少進入加拿大的新移民數量。包括臨時和永久移民。我們優先考慮擁有我們所需技能的永久居民，例如醫院的醫療保健工作者和建造更多房屋的建築工人，以及已經在加拿大的臨時居民。

有些人將申請以永久居民身份留在加拿大，這是我們在估計中計劃的，因為他們已經在這裏定居並工作。對社區施加的額外壓力非常小，或者他們會在臨時居留權到期後離開加拿大。
減少我們的人口，一些臨時居民可能會在簽證到期後求助於我們的庇護係統，試圖申請庇護作為留在加拿大的捷徑。

這些申請將被分析和處理，如果他們的申請失敗，他們將被遣送回國。這是我們為打擊非法庇護申請並使係統更快、更公平而進行的改革投資的一部分。

在來來往往的人數之間。我們將在未來兩年內有效暫停人口增長。然後從 2027 年開始，人口將達到平衡並以可持續的速度緩慢增長。

事實上，這讓我們回到了疫情之前的人口增長路徑。

Why Canada’s changing its immigration system

Justin Trudeau  2024年11月17日 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOB7-dbYuCc

Canada’s population’s grown really fast, and it’s putting pressure on our housing and infrastructure. So, we did something major to get our population back on track. I’m going to let you in on how we’re changing immigration, where we made some mistakes — and why we’re taking this big turn.

00:00: Canada’s population today
00:33: Permanent vs temporary immigration
01:16: Canada’s immigration targets
01:39: Post-pandemic boom and the labour shortage
03:21: Bad actors
04:22: Canada’s immigration plan
05:37: Getting us back on track
<<<<<<><><>>>>>>
Immigration. Let's talk about it. In the last two years, our population has grown
really fast, like ‘baby boom’ fast. And increasingly, bad actors like fake colleges and
big chain corporations have been exploiting our immigration system for their own interests.So we’re doing something major. We’re reducing the numbers of immigrants that will come to Canada for the next three years.

Today, I'm going to let you in on what happened, where we made some mistakes, and why we're taking this big turn. There are two kinds of immigration in Canada.

The one you probably think of most is permanent immigration, like when families come to Canada to settle and call it home. Every year, the government determines the right number of permanent residents that we want to admit. That's how it's been done for decades.
But a plan that only talks about permanent immigration misses the other pathway: temporary immigration.

Temporary residents are people who come to Canada for a limited time, like international students, temporary workers, and so on. They come to work a job or go to school. When the job is done or when they finish their degree, most return home. Some apply to stay as permanent residents, but most return home. So, back to this year's plan. 

Historically, Canada’s annual immigration plan just looked at permanent residents. The number of temporary students and workers that we admitted each year was left to the demands of the economy.

It was usually a small proportion of our population, so it’s never been a part of the long term immigration plan. But after the pandemic, our economy came roaring back quickly. We needed a lot of workers, fast. “Canada is in the middle of a huge labour shortage.”

Temporary foreign workers became such a significant part of our workforce that it’d be a mistake not to include them, when we plan our immigration levels. So this year, we did exactly that for the first time.

We laid out a plan that sets targets for both permanent and temporary residents.

This way, we’re getting the full breakdown of people coming into our country, so we can prepare the homes and infrastructure needed to support them.

Like I said, immigration is based on demand. When we set our targets, we look at every province and territory.

We ask the premiers, “what are the gaps in your workforce?” “Is your population growing or getting older?” We field calls from businesses, CEOs, economic experts, all sharing their thoughts on where we should set our targets.

"We've had a chronic shortage of labour for the last decade. It is the number one issue of all manufacturers across Canada. So we think it needs to be more, you know, push the pedal to the floor to bring more people into Canada."

"Ontario is facing a generational labour shortage. 380,000 jobs are going unfilled."
It’s no surprise that every sector has different wants and needs when it comes to immigration.

But after the pandemic, they all came to us with the same message: After two years with closed borders, we need more people, more workers, fast. So we brought in more workers.
It was the right choice. 

It worked. Our economy grew. Restaurants and stores reopened. Businesses kept running.
But most importantly, in spite of lots of economists’ predictions, we avoided the worst case scenario: a recession.

But some saw that as an opportunity to profit, to game the system. We’ve seen way too many large corporations doing this. “The government says the program has been used to get around hiring Canadian workers, in some instances.”

Far too many colleges and universities used international students to raise their bottom line. “There are the diploma equivalent of puppy mills that are just churning out diplomas.

There is fraud and abuse, and it needs to end.” Because they could charge these students
tens of thousands of dollars more for the same degree. And then, there are really bad actors who outright exploit people, who target vulnerable immigrants with promises of jobs, diplomas, and easy pathways to citizenship — promises that would never come true.

Looking back, when the post-pandemic boom cooled and businesses, no longer needed the additional labour help, as a federal team, we could have acted quicker, and turned off the taps faster.

“Now, it is time to make the adjustments to stabilize the immigration system that we need, and get it working right for Canadians — for right now.”

Immigration is primarily a federal job. We have the levers to rein it in. So we are.
“This is a big change.” “A major cut to immigration reducing permanent immigration levels
by at least 20%.” “New string of measures to clamp down on temporary immigrants.” “That means a decrease in international students, temporary foreign workers...”

Canada’s new immigration plan is straightforward: Lower the number of new immigrants coming into Canada, both temporary and permanent.

We’re prioritizing permanent residents with the skills we need, like health care workers for our hospitals and construction workers who will build more homes. And those temporary residents who are already in Canada? Some will apply to stay in Canada as permanent residents. Since they’re already here established and working, the added pressure put on communities is very low.

Or they’ll leave Canada when their temporary residency expires, reducing our population.
Some temporary residents may turn to our asylum system, when their visa expires, as a shortcut to stay in Canada.

Those claims will be analyzed and processed, and if their claim fails, they’ll be sent home. Between the amount of people coming and going, we will effectively pause population growth for the next two years. Then, from 2027 onwards, it’ll balance out and slowly start increasing again at a sustainable pace. In fact, that gets us back to the population growth path we were on before the pandemic.

This pause is going to give our economy and our communities the chance to catch up,
with things like our plan to build millions more homes. That’s not stopping. But now we’ll have a little more breathing room as we build.

We'll see more corporations investing in Canadian workers and youth rather than relying on cheap foreign labour. Our cap on international students is already bringing rental prices down in big cities, and as we keep that cap in place, rents will keep coming down.
We’re making the system work for Canadians and for newcomers, rather than for the big box stores, chain restaurants, immigration consultants, and sham colleges that exploit it.

Immigration is a great thing, and we’re lucky that so many people dream of coming to our country. Fulfilling that dream depends on having a good job, a decent place to live, and health care that you can access when you need it.

We have to make sure our population isn’t getting out ahead of those things. Can I say in a nutshell. The people still say that? Or is that a like, a 50s expression? You could just. Say, we're going to. Here's our new plan.

Lower the number of new immigrants coming into Canada. Both temporary and permanent. We're prioritising permanent residents with the skills we need, like health care workers
for our hospitals and construction workers who build more homes, and those temporary residents who are already in Canada.

Some will apply to stay in Canada as permanent residents, which we've planned for in our estimates since they're already here established and working. The added pressure put on communities is very low, or they'll leave Canada when their temporary residency expires.

Reducing our population some temporary residents may turn to our asylum system when their visa expires, attempting to claim asylum as a shortcut to stay in Canada.

Those claims will be analysed and processed, and if their claim fails, they'll be sent home. It's part of the investments in the reforms we're making to crack down on illegitimate asylum claims and to make the system faster and fairer.

Between the amount of people coming and going. We'll effectively pause population
growth for the next two years. Then from 2027 onwards, it'll balance out and slowly start increasing again at a sustainable pace. 

In fact, this gets us back to the population growth path we were on before the pandemic.