風蕭蕭_Frank
以文會友
歐盟駐華代表團關於 2023 年國際人權日的聲明
2023 年 12 月 10 日 北京
歐盟駐華代表團新聞和信息團隊
今天，世界慶祝《世界人權宣言》發表 75 周年。自 1948 年通過以來，《宣言》的 30 條引發了全球人類生活各個領域和領域的變革。人權是普遍的、不可分割的和相互依存的。這意味著每個人都享有人權；人權具有同等重要性，並且在任何時候都相互關聯且適用，包括在衝突或危機時期。人權不能受到地理或文化適應的影響。
歐盟承認，近年來，中國在減貧、改善醫療和教育機會以及為公民實施其他社會改善方麵做出了顯著努力。但與此同時，公民權利和政治權利得不到保障，在某些情況下甚至遭到蓄意和係統性的侵犯。
在此背景下，歐盟重申對中國極為嚴重的人權狀況的關切，並敦促中國遵守其根據國家法律（包括其憲法）和國際法承擔的義務，尊重、保護和實現所有人的人權，包括維吾爾族、藏族和中國各地少數民族、宗教和語言少數群體。
聯合國人權事務高級專員辦事處（OHCHR）的評估報告證實了新疆維吾爾自治區人權狀況的嚴重性。歐盟強調伸張正義和追究責任的必要性，並敦促中國與人權高專辦合作，落實報告的建議，並就新疆的人權狀況進行實質性討論。主要關切包括大規模拘留、廣泛的監視、跟蹤和控製措施、強迫勞動、酷刑、強迫墮胎和絕育、生育控製和家庭分離政策以及性暴力和性別暴力。歐盟特別關注對行使基本自由（包括宗教或信仰自由）的係統性和嚴重限製，以及對少數民族在私人和公共場合（包括在教育領域）享受自己文化和使用自己語言的權利的係統性限製。這些限製有可能導致文化滅絕。在西藏，義務寄宿學校和 DNA 采樣進一步表明了嚴峻的人權狀況。歐盟繼續呼籲獨立國際專家、外國記者和外交官有意義、不受限製和不受監督地進入西藏、新疆和中國其他地區。
據估計，中國判處死刑和執行死刑的人數遠遠超過其他所有國家的總和。與國際標準相悖的是，中國還對非暴力犯罪適用死刑。歐盟呼籲中國在適用和執行死刑方麵提高透明度，進一步減少可判處死刑的犯罪數量。歐盟重申，死刑仍然是一種無效、不必要和不可撤銷的懲罰，因此敦促中國暫停執行死刑，最終廢除這種不人道的做法。
人權捍衛者、人權律師、記者、獨立記者、其他媒體工作者和知識分子繼續遭受騷擾、恐嚇和監視，並受到禁止出境、軟禁、酷刑和虐待、非法拘留、判刑和強迫失蹤，包括通過指定地點監視居住（RSDL），這可能構成酷刑和虐待。
歐盟敦促中國確保充分尊重法治，確保公平審判和正當程序保障，徹底調查被報告的任意拘留、酷刑、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或處罰以及騷擾人權捍衛者及其家人的案件。被拘留者應有權獲得自己選擇的律師、醫療援助和家人的陪伴。中國應停止受到聯合國特別程序譴責的 RSDL 做法，並停止對被拘留者使用酷刑、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或處罰來逼迫和公開認罪。
歐盟繼續密切關注局勢，並呼籲立即無條件釋放曹三強牧師、常偉平、陳雲飛、程淵、丁家喜、高智勝、吳喜饒嘉措、郭泉、何芳梅、黃琪、黃雪琴、薩哈羅夫獎獲得者等人
伊力哈木·土赫提、卡米勒·瓦依提、李翹楚、李彥和、李昱函、彭利發、秦永民、秦永培、仁欽楚成、阮小環、紮西多吉、塔西甫拉提·特依拜、王愛忠、王炳章、王建兵、王毅牧師、王藏、許那、許勤、許豔、許誌永、楊茂東、餘文生、張春雷牧師和張展，以及歐盟公民桂民海的領事探視權必須得到尊重。
中國通過審查、恐嚇和監視記者和媒體工作者，嚴重壓製言論自由和獲取信息的渠道。在中國的外國記者和媒體工作者因其專業活動繼續麵臨騷擾、恐嚇、任意拘留、簽證限製和監視。歐盟強調言論自由和媒體自由對良好治理至關重要。歐盟還敦促中國尊重和平抗議的權利。
歐盟堅信，性別平等、婦女權利和 LGBTI 人士的權利應得到全球充分尊重和保護。在中國和歐盟，基於性別的暴力仍然普遍存在。在此背景下，歐盟敦促中國確保保護遭受侵犯和虐待的女性活動人士。歐盟繼續呼籲中國履行消除性暴力和基於性別的暴力的承諾。
此外，歐盟仍然對香港的人權狀況感到擔憂。《國家安全法》和《煽動法》的壓製性使用破壞了基本自由。選舉製度的全麵改革侵蝕了民主原則和政治多元化。歐盟非常關切地關注政客和民主人士的審判，尤其關注黎智英一案。歐盟敦促中國中央政府和香港當局恢複對法治、基本自由和民主原則的充分尊重。這些都是在“一國兩製”原則下維護香港高度自治、遵守香港基本法和中國國際義務的關鍵。
中國還必須尊重不驅回原則，不得采取任何不符合國際法的域外活動（包括脅迫）。
盡管歐盟與中國在人權問題上存在係統性分歧，但歐盟認為，可以而且應該通過中歐人權對話等雙邊交流來討論這些分歧，並在有可能合作的領域開展合作。
通過紀念《世界人權宣言》發表75周年，歐盟重申了對全麵實現人權的承諾。《宣言》中蘊含的簡單思想是，權利不是賦予的，而是屬於每個人的，至今仍在歐盟、中國和世界各地產生著無可爭議的影響。
Statement of the EU Delegation to China on the International Human Rights Day 2023
10.12.2023 Beijing
Press and information team of the Delegation to CHINA
The European Union recognises that in recent years, China has made notable efforts in poverty alleviation, improved access to health, education and implemented other social improvements for its citizens. At the same time, civil and political rights are not guaranteed and are in some cases deliberately and systematically violated.
Against this background, the EU reiterates its concerns about the very serious human rights situation in China and urges China to abide by its obligations under national law, including its own Constitution, and international law, to respect, protect and fulfil human rights for all, including Uyghurs, Tibetans and persons belonging to ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities across China.
The seriousness of the human rights situation in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region has been corroborated by the assessment report by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). The EU underscores the need for justice and accountability and urges China to cooperate with the OHCHR on the implementation of the report’s recommendations, and the need for a substantive discussion on the human rights situation in Xinjiang. Key concerns include mass detention, widespread surveillance, tracking and control measures, the use of forced labour, torture, forced abortion and sterilisation, birth control and family separation policies, and sexual and gender-based violence. The EU is particularly concerned about the systemic and severe restrictions on the exercise of fundamental freedoms, including the freedom of religion or belief, and systemic restrictions on the right of minorities to enjoy their own culture, and to use their own language, in private and public, including in the field of education. These restrictions risk leading to cultural erasure. In Tibet, obligatory boarding schooling and DNA sampling are further indications of the dire human rights situation. The EU continues to call for meaningful, unrestricted and unsupervised access by independent international experts, foreign journalists and diplomats to Tibet, Xinjiang and elsewhere in China.
The estimated number of death sentences and executions in China exceeds by far that of all other countries taken together. In contradiction to international standards, China also applies capital punishment in the case of non-violent offences. The EU calls upon China to provide more transparency in the application and imposition of the death penalty and to further reduce the number of criminal offenses punishable by death. The EU reaffirms that the death penalty remains an ineffective, unnecessary and irrevocable punishment, and therefore urges China to introduce a moratorium on executions and ultimately abolish this inhuman practice.
Human rights defenders, human rights lawyers, journalists, independent reporters, other media workers and intellectuals continue to be exposed to harassment, intimidation and surveillance and subjected to exit bans, house arrest, torture and ill-treatment, unlawful detention, sentencing and enforced disappearance including via Residential Surveillance in a Designated Location (RSDL) that could amount to torture and ill-treatment.
The EU urges China to ensure full respect for the rule of law, ensure fair trial and due process guarantees and to investigate thoroughly reported cases of arbitrary detention, torture, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and harassment of human rights defenders and their families. Those detained should be guaranteed access to lawyers of their own choice, medical assistance and their family members. China should stop the practice of RSDL, which has been condemned by the UN Special Procedures, as well as discontinue the use of torture inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment of detained persons to extract forced and public confessions.
The EU continues to closely monitor the situation and calls for the immediate and unconditional release of, among others, Pastor Cao Sanqiang, Chang Weiping, Chen Yunfei, Cheng Yuan, Ding Jiaxi, Gao Zhisheng, Go Sherab Gyatso, Guo Quan, He Fangmei, Huang Qi, Huang Xueqin, Sakharov Prize winner Ilham Tohti, Kamile Wayit, Li Qiaochu, Li Yanhe, Li Yuhan, Peng Lifa, Qin Yongmin, Qin Yongpei, Rinchen Tsultrim, Ruan Xiaohuan, Tashi Dorje, Tashpolat Tiyip, Wang Aizhong, Wang Bingzhang, Wang Jianbing, Pastor Wang Yi, Wang Zang, Xu Na, Xu Qin, Xu Yan, Xu Zhiyong, Yang Maodong, Yu Wensheng, Pastor Zhang Chunlei and Zhang Zhan, as well as EU citizen Gui Minhai whose right to consular access must be respected.
Freedom of expression and access to information have been severely suppressed in China by means of censorship, intimidation and surveillance of journalists and media workers. Foreign journalists and media workers in China continue to face harassment, intimidation, arbitrary detention, visa restrictions and surveillance because of their professional activities. The EU emphasizes the critical importance of freedom of expression and media freedom as vital to good governance. The EU also urges China to respect the right to peaceful protest.
The EU firmly believes that gender equality, women’s rights and rights of LGBTI persons should be fully respected and protected globally. In China as in the EU, gender based violence remains widespread. In this context, the EU urges China to ensure protection of female activists, who have been victims of human rights violations and abuses. The EU continues to call upon China to uphold its pledge to eliminate sexual and gender-based violence.
Furthermore, the EU remains concerned about the human rights situation in Hong Kong. The repressive use of the National Security Law and of the Sedition Law undermine fundamental freedoms. The sweeping changes in the electoral system erode democratic principles and political pluralism. The EU is following with great concern the trials of politicians and pro-democracy actors and is particularly concerned about the case of Jimmy Lai. The EU urges the Chinese central government and the Hong Kong authorities to restore full respect for the rule of law, fundamental freedoms, and democratic principles. These are key to preserve Hong Kong’s high degree of autonomy under the ‘one country, two systems’ principle, in compliance with Hong Kong’s Basic Law and China’s international obligations.
China must also respect the principle of non-refoulement, and refrain from any extraterritorial activity (including coercion) that is not in line with international law.
Despite systemic differences between the EU and China regarding Human Rights, the EU believes that bilateral exchanges, including through the EU-China Human Rights Dialogue can and should be held to discuss these differences and to cooperate in areas where there is a potential for engagement.
By commemorating the 75th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the EU reaffirms its commitment to the full realisation of human rights. The simple idea enshrined in the Declaration that rights cannot be given, but they belong to every person, continues to have an undisputable impact still today - in the European Union, in China and everywhere in the world.
