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尚達曼：美中競爭與合作將對世界產生“重大影響”
伊麗莎白·勞 中國通訊員 2023 年 3 月 27 日
新加坡高級部長尚達曼表示，美中緊張局勢及其處理方式將對全球經濟和所有國家產生重大影響。 照片：中國發展論壇
北京 — — 新加坡高級部長尚達曼周日表示，中國和美國需要找到一種將競爭與合作結合起來的方法，因為兩國的競爭會對世界其他地區產生影響。
他在北京舉行的中國發展高層論壇上對全球商界領袖和官員表示：“中美緊張局勢及其處理方式顯然將對全球經濟和所有國家產生重大影響。” 。
他稱這是一個競爭規模“前所未見”的時代，世界上最大的兩個經濟體也應該合作應對人類當前麵臨的挑戰：氣候變化、全球水資源短缺等。 危機、生物多樣性喪失以及全球恐怖主義和核擴散等傳統挑戰。
近年來，華盛頓和北京之間的關係不斷惡化，首先是特朗普政府期間激烈的貿易戰，後來演變成一場技術軍備競賽，美國阻止了中國獲得尖端技術。
與此同時，中國指責美國幹涉其所謂的國內政治，包括北京視為自己的自治島嶼台灣。
尚達曼表示：“美國和中國如何能夠將競爭（包括完全合法的經濟競爭）與合作需求結合起來，需要相當大的戰略雄心和技巧。
“但這對美國很重要； 這對中國很重要； 非常重要的是，這對世界很重要。”
他說，國際社會還需要從簡單地應對流行病和金融危機等衝擊和破壞轉向通過投資公共產品（包括研發和醫療基礎設施）來預防和準備此類事件。
“我們知道如何做到這一點，但我們在全球範圍內投入的資源很少。 值得注意的是，在經曆了人們記憶中最嚴重的大流行之後，我們正在恢複正常——我們正在留出極少量的資源來為下一次大流行做準備。” 對全球經濟造成沉重打擊。
“我們正在回歸經濟不負責任和政治短視，這可能導致未來發生災難。”
尚達曼的演講還包含他最近倡導的主題，例如終身學習，以及建立全球樂觀和開放的態度。
他呼籲各國保持全球經濟開放，盡管許多國家都在努力增強個人能力，他表示，後期的保護主義政策有可能導致全球經濟支離破碎，甚至崩潰。
“每個人都會因此而變得更糟。 創新將受到影響； 生產率增長將受到影響； 每個集團都會遭受損失，”他說。
尚達曼在一場有關宏觀經濟政策和經濟複蘇的會議上發表上述講話。 其他發言者包括國際貨幣基金組織總裁克裏斯塔利娜·格奧爾基耶娃（Kristalina Georgieva）； 中國最高經濟規劃師、國家發展和改革委員會主任鄭善傑先生； 以及中國財政部長劉昆。
中國發展高層論壇被譽為“中國版的達沃斯世界經濟論壇”，出席者包括蘋果公司蒂姆·庫克、輝瑞公司阿爾伯特·布爾拉和三星公司李在鎔等跨國公司的負責人。
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外交部表示，周六，一批美國“友好組織和個人”還會見了中國外交部長秦剛。 外交部聲明中附有的一張照片顯示，出席會議的包括布爾拉、美中貿易全國委員會主席克雷格·艾倫和高通首席執行官克裏斯蒂亞諾·阿蒙。
在中美雙邊關係緊張的情況下，美國高管一直對被認為與中國人關係密切持謹慎態度，擔心會在國內產生影響。
秦先生在會議上表示，中國在Covid-19後的經濟和社會重新開放以及經濟複蘇對美國商界來說是三重好處。 “但遺憾的是，今年春天中美關係依然冷淡，”他說。
他指出，中方對雙邊關係的立場沒有改變，“中方一貫主張中美兩國相互尊重、和平共處、合作共贏。”
US-China competition, cooperation will have 'great bearing' on world: Tharman
Elizabeth Law China Correspondent MAR 27, 2023
Singapore's Senior Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam said the US-China tension and the way it is managed will have great bearing on the global economy and on all nations. PHOTO: CHINA DEVELOPMENT FORUM
BEIJING – China and the United States need to find a way to combine competition with cooperation because their rivalry has repercussions throughout the rest of the world, said Singapore’s Senior Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam on Sunday.
“(The) US-China tension, and the way it is managed, will clearly have great bearing on the global economy, great bearing on all nations,” he told an audience of global business leaders and officials at the China Development Forum in Beijing.
Calling this an era where there is competition on a scale that has “never been seen before”, he said this should also be a time when the world’s two largest economies should cooperate to address the current challenges facing humanity: climate change, a global water crisis, the loss of biodiversity, as well as traditional challenges such as global terrorism and nuclear proliferation.
Relations between Washington and Beijing have worsened in recent years, beginning with a bruising trade war during the Trump administration that has since evolved into a technological arms race, with the US choking off Chinese access to cutting-edge technology.
China, meanwhile, accuses the US of interfering with what it says are its domestic politics, including the self-ruling island of Taiwan that Beijing sees as its own.
Mr Tharman said: “How the US and China are able to combine competition – including perfectly legitimate, economic competition – with the need for cooperation is going to require considerable strategic ambition and skill.
“But it will matter to the US; it will matter to China; and very importantly, it will matter to the world.”
The international community also needs to shift from simply reacting to shocks and disruptions, such as pandemics and financial crises, to pre-empting and preparing for such events by investing in public goods, he said, which include research and development and healthcare infrastructure.
“We know how to do it, but we’re putting very little resources into it globally. It is remarkable how after the worst pandemic in living memory, we’re going back to normal – a very small amount of resources is being set aside to prepare for the next pandemic,” he said, referring to the Covid-19 pandemic that dealt a body blow to the global economy.
“We are reverting to economic irresponsibility and the political myopia that risks future catastrophe.”
Mr Tharman’s speech also contained themes he has recently championed, such as lifelong learning, as well as building global optimism and openness.
He called on countries to keep the global economy open, even as many make shifts to build up individual capacity, saying that the protectionist policies of late risk fragmenting, even breaking up, the global economy.
“Everyone will be worse off for that. Innovation will suffer; productivity growth will suffer; each of the blocs will suffer,” he said.
Mr Tharman was speaking during a session on macroeconomic policies and economic recovery. Other speakers included International Monetary Fund managing director Kristalina Georgieva; Mr Zheng Shanjie, head of China’s top economic planner, the National Development and Reform Commission; and China’s Finance Minister Liu Kun.
Touted as China’s answer to the Davos World Economic Forum, the China Development Forum welcomed attendees including the heads of multinational companies such as Apple’s Tim Cook, Pfizer’s Albert Bourla and Samsung’s Lee Jae-yong.
On Saturday, a group of American “friendly organisations and individuals” also met Chinese Foreign Minister Qin Gang, said the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Attendees at the meeting included Mr Bourla, US-China Business Council president Craig Allen and Qualcomm chief executive Cristiano Amon, a photo accompanying a Foreign Ministry statement showed.
Amid frosty bilateral tensions between the US and China, American executives have been circumspect about being seen as hobnobbing with the Chinese, fearing a fallout back home.
During the meeting, Mr Qin said China‘s post-Covid-19 reopening, both economically and socially, and economic recovery are a triple benefit for the American business community. “Regrettably, however, China-US relations are still chilly this spring,” he said.
Noting that China’s stance on bilateral relations has not changed, he added: “China has always advocated for mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation between China and the US.”
