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傑弗裏·薩克斯 China is same as Han Dynasty a centralized administrativ

(2023-04-24 15:41:23) 下一個

美國教授在雅典論壇上,為中國說點公道話,讓香港學生差點喘不過氣來【視頻11分9秒處】

Athens Democracy Forum

SEPTEMBER 27-29, 2023

In person, Athens, plus free virtual event

https://www.athensdemocracyforum.com/?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYTsDSoePGI 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NnnRXZnAtF0


China looks today not completely different from the Han Dynasty , a centralized administrative state and with Confucian culture with a tradition of Excellence of the mandarins. When I speak with Chinese Senior officials, which I do often they are the best informed professionals I know in the world. 

When I look at my own country the United States. It is a semi-democratic white dominated hierarchical racist society, that aims to preserve privilege by the elites that's how it was formed in 1787. It was a slave owning genocidal country killing Native Americans for a white culture but amazingly it still looks that way.

 

although we're much more diverse now than we were let so let me ask you this yes because this is okay point out that these are deep cultural distinctions right but we shouldn't just simplify because we say democracy and you know these are yes it's important what's important is actually the details as I mentioned last night Plato democracy that was the last thing on his mind that was the enemy the the plus was a philosopher king of course right in in the Republic and for Aristotle it was much more subtle and complex of a system of governance that mixed governance by the one by the few and by the many but on the good side of The Ledger and one more point I want to make about democracy because we're in a democracy Forum where we.


we treat democracy as the good the most violent country in the world in the 19th century by fire was perhaps the most democratic or

second most democratic and that was Britain you can be Democratic at home and ruthlessly Imperial abroad the most violent country in the world since 1950 has been the United States.

Extraordinary intervention by Jeffrey Sachs at the Athens Democracy Forum!!!

https://johnmenadue.com/extraordinary-intervention-by-jeffrey-sachs-at-the-athens-democracy-forum/

By P&I Guest Writers Oct 26, 2022

 
Jeffrey Sachs
 

Watch Professor Jeffrey Sachs describe the US as “the most violent country in the world” and then get shockingly shut down at the Athens Democracy Forum.

Sach’s argues that what matters is a country’s unique governance culture: classifying countries in political systems (“liberal democracy or not”) is oversimplifying.

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He doesn’t hold back when describing the US governance culture: “A semi-democratic white-dominated hierarchical racist society that aims to preserve privilege by the elites [and founded as] a slave-owning genocidal country”. Ouch!

That’s why he argues that “the biggest mistake of president Biden was to say ‘the greatest struggle of the world is between democracies and autocracies’.”

He adds: “The real struggle of the world is to live together and overcome our common crises” under thunderous applause.

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He says “the solution in [this world] is to speak with each other more […] Our political elites in the US do not speak with Chinese political elites except to point fingers or to yell at them. […] If we would seat down to speak with each other, we’d actually get somewhere.”

Last but not least, he destroys the myth that “democracies” are more peaceful: “the most violent country in the world in the 19th century was the most democratic, Britain. The most violent country in the world since 1950 is the US”.

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And he gets shockingly shut down by the host.

Here is the full video from the Athens Democracy Forum. (Use the toggle on the red line to skip to Jeffrey Sachs, who starts at 15 minutes).

 

Shared by Arnaud Bertrand via twitter.

 

我出生在中國農村,經曆過根植於我記憶中的貧窮;大學之後赴法國學習、生活和工作了15年;後來又在不同的非洲國家工作了多年。我去過30個不同的亞洲、非洲歐洲國家,包括絕大多數東歐國家。我是曆史和哲學係出身,我的愛人是哲學本科出身而且碩士和博士都是研究中國政治和法律係統的法國漢學家,她的專業也為了提供了很特別和有價值的視角。我非常讚同這位教授的基本觀點: 
 
首先西方一直試圖告訴人們這個世界的主要矛盾就是民主和專製的鬥爭,但是事實遠非如此。如果你在非洲最貧困和混亂的國家諸如乍得、中非共和國、馬裏等地居住過,你才能明白世界的現實究竟是什麽。世界的主要矛盾是新自由主義指導下的全球化在世界範圍內的不公。這種不公被諸如知識產權、強權利益引導的軍事和政治幹預等諸多因素決定,在第三世界導致大量的赤貧、汙染、動蕩。西方霸權會在任何場合提及“民主-獨裁”問題,但不會把“每年全世界5歲以下的兒童因饑餓和營養不良死亡3到5百萬”這個問題放在人類亟待解決的首位。因為對後者的分析才會揭示這個世界真正的主要矛盾在哪裏,會動搖西方主導的全球化秩序。這個世界的基礎是財富的創造(生產力)和財富的分配機製(生產關係),很多發達世界的年輕人根本沒承受過真正的苦難,被西方政治宣傳洗腦的香港年輕人也是這樣,就像溫室裏的花,以為“民主”是一切病症的中心,說出來的都是那種“何不食肉糜”的蠢話。 
 
第二,民主或者不民主本來就是一個非常複雜而且在曆史中不斷變動的概念。這些東西是“理念”,而不是可以客觀觀察的“一隻貓”或者“一條狗”,其內涵不是不變的,而是不同時代的人們反思他們的時代,從而為其不斷注入或者減去內涵。熊彼得之前和熊彼得之後的民主能是一樣的嗎?希臘的民主和當代的民主是一樣的嗎?這個教授說的很好,政治形式更值得關注的是細節,有那麽多細節需要討論和關注。要真正討論民主自由這些東西,你至少要從古希臘、博丹、格勞秀斯、啟蒙運動、康德、黑格爾一路讀到以賽亞柏林、波普、熊彼得。但是這太難了,對於那些隻知道喊口號的懶惰的年輕人而言。 
 
第三,曆史傳統。我記得以前上學的時候有個法國教授跟我們說:如果西方對於中國的政治史有一些基本了解的話,那麽就應該謙虛一些。中國唐代中書、門下、尚書省和皇帝在詔書的頒布和實施就已經非常具有嚴謹的製衡機製;諫台、監察等製度;中央和地方的關係、軍製、勞役和稅製等等,都是複雜和讓人驚歎的嚴謹。很多知識匱乏的年輕人就覺得西方那套照搬到什麽地方都好用,完全看不到這套製度在絕大多數地方的運行都是失敗的。實際上,政治製度之於政治文化就像一個外殼、表象,或者冰山露出水麵的部分。沒有外力幹擾的情況下,政治文化會自然的孕育政治製度。而政治文化是民族千百年來積累下來的、有機態的生長的結果。它是根植於血肉和土地的東西。比如利比亞,就是獨特的曆史和地理環境造成了這個國家以貝都因人部族為單位形成了一個複雜的製衡、聯姻、競爭的權力和利益分配體。這是深層的政治文化,產生於千百年來“人”和“曆史”、“地理”、“生產技術”的磨合。西方要在利比亞搞西方民主,那就是個表皮,這個表皮下麵繼續運作的還是原來的政治文化。西方的製度之所以在西方適合也是因為他們經曆了一千多年從中世紀以來特別是200多年以來的各種摸索和磨合建立起來的,很多西方政治的機製都能在中世紀甚至更早的時代找到根源。政治製度的有效運行需要同曆史、經濟現實以及政治文化相契合。 
 
最後,我想補充一點個人的看法。中國人並非一個封閉的民族,我們從古至今都不排斥學習別的民族。民主、自由、公平、正義、主權在民等等現代政治學的理念我們並不排斥。馬克思也是西方的,中國排斥了嗎?我們反對的是將它們神話,或者形而上學化。 
 
周雖舊邦其命維新,古老的中華民族之所以能夠穿越幾千年還能保持其活力,根本就在於能夠同時兼顧兩個方麵,即“接受新鮮的合理事物”同時又能“不失其本體”。 
 
孫中山接受了民族主義,但是能很快適應中國的現實轉而宣傳“五族共和-中華民族”;毛澤東的革命勝利建立在對於馬克思主義的修正使其的中國化,反對“教條主義”,走農村路線,而不是死板地依靠工人階級;鄧小平的改革開放也是將西方的市場經濟融入馬克思理論。一個民族但凡對於自身的智慧有一點信心,也要會動動腦子,不至於像個腦癱一樣照囫圇吞棗,閉著眼睛搬照抄別人的。

 

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