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(四)好好告別愛情
邁克爾·德雷頓(Michael Drayton,1563-1631)是與莎翁同時代的英國著名詩人,主要活動於伊麗莎白一世統治時期,一生致力於創作十四行詩、田園詩和其他體裁的詩歌,能夠熟練自如地使用當時流行的各種詩歌體式。
他的《牧歌》第九首(The Ninth Eclogue )描述了英國鄉村隆重的剪羊毛儀式,現將部分詩行翻譯如下:
“六月末,羊毛完全長成
過去的一整年中,
老練的牧羊人熟悉所有的季節,
他們立即開始剪羊毛。
(Late 'twas in June, the Fleece when fully growne,
In the full compasse of the passed yeere,
The Season well by skilfull Shepheards knowne,
That them provide immediately to sheere.)
此刻他們的羊羔又健康又強壯,
已經禁止它們吸母羊的奶頭,
而是和成群的羊在田野裏
吃著相同的草。
(Their Lambes late wax't so lusty and so strong,
That time did them their Mothers Teats forbid,
And in the fields the common flocks among,
Eate of the same Grasse that the greater did.)
不放牧時牧羊人自由自在
他油亮的靴子和秋天的刺李一樣黑,
平緩的丘陵展露新鮮的赤褐色
吸引每個人前去踏足。
(When not a Shepheard any thing that could,
But greaz'd his start-ups blacke as Autumns Sloe,
And for the better credit of the Wold,
In their fresh Russets every one doth goe.)
(注:start-ups, 一種高邦或半綁腿的靴子)
誰的帽子上沒有碎花別針?
誰不戴著和聰明的鮑德裏克一樣的花環?
有些花,和他手上握著的同款,
其他的花,有著秘密的含義:
(Who now a Posie pins not in his Cap?
And not a Garland Baldricke-wise doth weare?
Some, of such Flowers as to his hand doth hap,
Others, such as a secret meaning beare:
(注:Posie pins,一種傳統別針,針頭上的小花是碎布做成的)
這位棒小夥送出了薰衣草,
向她示愛,並渴望獲得回報,
給心上人迷迭香,他的意圖是,
他們要兩不相忘。
(He from his Lasse him Lavander hath sent,
Shewing her Love, and doth requitall crave,
Him Rosemary his Sweet-heart, whose intent,
Is that, he her should in remembrance have.)
玫瑰,代表著他的青春和熱望,
她的鼠尾草,裏麵有他的權威,
七月花宣告著他的溫柔,
三色堇代表時間,真相,女士們稱為舒心花:”
(Roses, his youth and strong desire expresse,
Her Sage, doth shew his soverainty in all,
The July-Flowre declares his gentlenesse,
Time, Truth, the Pansie, Harts-ease Maydens call:)
詩中的鮑德裏克(Baldricke,即Baldrick)是英國傳統喜劇中的一個人物,乃親王埃德蒙·布萊克斯特(Edmund Blackadder)的仆人和同伴。牧羊人剪羊毛前必須鄭重其事,著盛裝,腳穿油光發亮的黑皮靴,頭上戴著和鮑德裏克一樣的花環,上麵的每一朵花都有含義:薰衣草代表愛情,迷迭香代表紀念等。
邁克爾·德雷頓的詩歌在伊麗莎白一世統治時期很流行,可惜後世閱讀並研究他的作品的不多,今人大多隻記得他的那首發表於1593年《愛的告別》(Love's Farewell):
“既然毫無辦法,讓我們親吻分離,
我已盡力,你從我這裏再無所得;
我很高興,是的,滿心歡喜,
我可以如此自由地解放自己;
(Since there's no help, come let us kiss and part, —
Nay I have done, you get no more of me;
And I am glad, yea, glad with all my heart,
That thus so cleanly I myself can free;)
握手永別,取消我們所有的誓言,
今後無論何時再見,
我們各自的眉眼間不要顯現
曾經的一絲一點保留的愛戀。
(Shake hands for ever, cancel all our vows,
And when we meet at any time again,
Be it not seen in either of our brows
That we one jot of former love retain.)
現在愛發出最後一口氣息
他的脈搏衰竭,激情無語臥倒,
信仰跪在他的死亡床邊,
天真將他的雙目合起,
(Now at the last gasp of love's latest breath,
When, his pulse failing, passion speechless lies,
When faith is kneeling, by his bed of death,
And innocence is closing up his eyes,)
-現在如果你願意,當所有的一切都放棄了他,
你仍然可以讓他起死回生!
(—Now if thou would'st, when all have given him over,
From death to life thou might'st him yet recover!)
這首詩讓我們學會了如何好好地告別愛情。