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斯人如夢:告訴勞拉我愛她

(2020-05-29 08:43:00) 下一個

(十三)告訴勞拉我愛她

月桂還是理想花園中的常見元素。

古羅馬抒情詩人和小說家蓋厄斯·阿爾比特(Gaius Petronius Arbiter27年-66年)的諷刺小說《愛情神話》(Satyricon)第139卷第8章有一段:

“她急切地將我引向後者,把我帶到一個可愛的角落,大自然賦予了它所有令人愉悅的事物。

頂部被修剪過的鬆樹搖曳著

撒下夏日陰涼

還有婆娑的柏樹和莊嚴的懸鈴木

以及結著漿果的月桂樹。一條小溪微波蕩漾

濺起泡沫,忽又跳起舞蹈

淙淙流水挾著鵝卵石前行。

這是愛情的角落,

林中夜鶯和城裏的燕子

來見證;盤旋在油亮亮的

草地上

還有嫩紫香堇;用歌聲討好,它們被偷走的愛”。

She hastily conducted me straight to the latter, introducing me into a lovely nook that nature had furnished with everything that could delight the eye.

Shorn of its top, the swaying pine here casts a

summer shade

And quivering cypress, and the stately plane

And berry-laden laurel. A brook's wimpling waters strayed

Lashed into foam, but dancing on again

And rolling pebbles in their chattering flow.

It was Love's own nook,

As forest nightingale and urban Procne undertook

To bear true witness ; hovering, the gleaming grass

Above

And tender violets; wooing with song, their stolen love.

甚至有時月桂會出現在葬禮中,讓人回想起死者生前的榮耀。在古代,月桂和橄欖樹是最富象征意義的樹木。

西班牙6世紀末7世紀初的教會聖人和神學家聖依西多祿( San Isidoro de Sevilla 560年-636年)在他的類百科全書 《詞源》(Etymologies)對 “Laurel”一詞作了注解:

laurel”Laurus)一詞源於laudis(讚美)。勝利者的頭上佩戴桂冠以示讚美。古人稱為“laudea”。而後,單詞中的字母DR代替,它被稱為laurus,就像auriculis(耳)起初拚讀為audiculaemedidies(中午)如今拚讀成meridies一樣。希臘人稱這棵樹為δ?φνη(Dafne)δαφνην,因為它永遠不會失去鮮綠的顏色。因此,獲勝者佩戴它的花冠。老百姓們認為這是唯一不能被雷擊倒的樹”。

"Laurel" (Laurus) is so called from the word laudis (praise). The heads of the victors were crowned with praise with this tree.  Among the ancients it was called laudea; then the letter D was abolished and replaced by R and it was called laurus, just like auriculis (ears) which was at first pronounced audiculae and medidies (midday) which is now pronounced meridies. The Greeks call this tree  δ?φνη (Dafne) δαφνην  because it never loses its verdure; and for this reason the winners are crowned with him. The common people believe that this is the only tree that can not be struck by lightning.

 

月桂樹象征著藝術和軍事上的勝利,這個含義在整個中世紀都得到了保留,尤其在文藝複興時期,月桂又象征著愛情的勝利。

文藝複興時期與薄迦丘、但丁齊名的意大利桂冠詩人弗朗切斯科·彼特拉克(Francesco Petrarca1304年-1374年)年輕時曾經遇到一個名叫勞拉(Laura)的女人,Laura 是月桂(Laurus)的女性化形式。這個女人的出現讓彼特拉克產生了不可言傳的愉悅,激發了他的創作激情。詩人把她理想化了,沉浸在不求回報的精神愛戀中。他們甚至可能沒有約會過,詩人把全部的情感傾注在詩作中,這些愛情詩被收集在《歌集》(Songbook)中。《歌集》共收入抒情詩366首,除30餘首外,其餘的詩全都是表現詩人對勞拉愛情的作品。

既然這個令詩人日夜思慕的女人叫“月桂”,他的詩行裏怎可缺了這種純潔可愛的樹?現選出兩首,翻譯如下:

《歌集》第29首:

綠色的長裙,淑女們從未穿過

深紅,黑或紫色的衣服,

也未把金發紮成漂亮的辮子,

麗人如她掠劫了

我的意誌,帶走

我的自由之路,我甚至無法忍受

較輕的束縛。

Green dresses, crimson, black or purple,

were never worn by ladies,

nor golden hair tied in a fair braid,

as beautifully as she who robs me

of my will, and takes away the path

of my liberty, so I cannot even

tolerate a lighter yoke.

 

即使我開始黯然神傷

失去了判斷

當痛苦帶來困惑

一見到,那個消除了我心中

每個瘋狂念頭,將所有的蔑視       

化成甜蜜的她,我鬆散的意誌

很快複原

And even if my spirit begins to grieve,

losing its judgement,

when suffering brings doubt,

the loose will is quickly restrained

by the sight of her, who razes from my heart

every mad project, and makes all

disdain sweet through seeing her.

 

我將報複,所有因愛而生

的痛苦,煎熬不斷

直到她治愈了那顆被她親手重創的心

她,不懂憐憫,卻依然誘人,

除非憤怒和驕傲反抗著謙卑

關閉和否定了

走向她的路。

I will have revenge, for all that Love

has made me suffer, all I must still suffer

until she heals the heart she ravaged,

she, alien to pity, but still enticing,

unless Anger and Pride opposing Humility

close off and deny the way

that leads to her.

 

那日子那時辰我睜開雙眼

看到的美好之黑夜和白天

將愛清空使我茫然

恰是我生活的新煩惱根,

她如我們這個年代反映的那樣

根本不懼怕

由鉛或石做成的他

And the day and the hour that opened my eyes

to the lovely dark and the lovely white

that emptied me of that where Love now lives,

were the new roots of the life that troubles me,

as she does in whom our age is reflected,

for he is made of lead or stone

whom she does not make afraid.

 

所以我哭泣的人並沒有流淚

因為這些沐浴我心,

最先在血液裏,感受到的,箭頭

表示我放棄了希望,

懲罰落在了正確之地:

穿過眼睛我的靈魂在歎息,這是對的

它們在為我洗傷。

So no tear of those I weep,

because of these arrow-tips

bathing my heart, that first felt them, in blood,

signifies that I un-wish what I wished,

the punishment falls in the right place:

through the eyes my soul sighs, and it's right

that they bathe my wounds.

 

我與自己的想法抗爭著:

所以狄多,和我一樣的筋疲力盡,

把她心愛的劍對準她自己:

但我不祈求自己獲得自由,

因為通往天堂的道路全都不那麽真實,

找不到更安全的船隻

去往那榮耀之國

My own thoughts struggle against me:

so Dido, weary as I am now,

turned her beloved sword against herself:

yet I do not pray for my freedom,

since all other roads to heaven are less true,

and there is no safer ship in which to aspire

to the glorious kingdom.

 

善良的星星是舊友朋

來到那個幸運的子宮

美麗降臨凡間!

她是地球上的一顆星,貞潔

如常青的月桂樹,

閃電擊不垮,邪惡的微風

也無法強迫她

Benign stars that were friends

to that fortunate womb

when that beauty came to this world!

She is a star on earth, and she keeps

her chastity as laurel stays green,

so no lightning strikes her, no shameful breeze

can ever force her.

 

我深知對她的讚美若寫成詩

將超過

世間最有價值的作品。

哪個記憶細胞可以容納

如此多的美德和美貌

一並在她的眼中閃耀,無價之象征,

打開我心靈的鑰匙。

I know that to capture her praise in verse

would be to exceed

the most worthy that set hand to writing.

What cell of memory is there in which to hold

so much virtue and so much beauty together

that shine in her eyes, the sign of all value,

the key to unlock my heart.

 

淑女,在太陽的光圈下,愛

因你而價值非凡。

Lady, beneath the sun's circle, Love has

no greater treasure than you.

 

這首詩反映的是詩人一廂情願的思戀。勞拉是降臨凡間的星星,如美麗貞潔的月桂,一身綠裙,不穿其他顏色的衣服,飄逸的金發如繁茂的月桂枝葉。一見到她,詩人的心就被愛神之箭射中了。

可她人如其名(月桂最早的名字是達芙妮),有著閃電也不能擊毀的堅強的意誌,不可能接受阿波羅瘋狂的愛,所以如今的勞拉也不懂得憐憫詩人的痛苦和悲傷。穿透心靈的愛神之箭成為鮮血淋漓的懲罰,令絕望的詩人痛苦不堪。他甚至想到迦太基女王狄多(Dido)也愛得同樣的筋疲力盡,最後將心愛的劍對準了自己的胸膛。狄多是維吉爾的《埃涅阿斯紀》中的人物,她是北非海岸城市迦太基(Carthage)的女王。她在建造新城的時候,恰巧埃涅阿斯的船隊遇到海難,漂到了迦太基附近的海岸上。女王收留了他們,深深愛上了埃涅阿斯,兩人以夫妻身份生活在一起,埃涅阿斯開始表現得好像他是迦太基的國王。朱庇特派出使者告訴埃涅阿斯:他不能留在迦太基,他的命運是為特洛伊人在意大利找到一個新的城市。當狄多聽說埃涅阿斯打算離開時,感到十分震驚,她始終以為他倆最終會結婚。但埃涅阿斯堅持認為自己別無選擇,隻能服從諸神。不久他和部下前往意大利,狄多看到船隻駛向大海,下令建造葬禮柴堆。她爬了上去,詛咒埃涅阿斯,並用他給她的劍刺死了自己。

(埃涅阿斯向迪多訴說自己的經曆)

 

(迪多之死)

盡管引用了狄多的故事,但詩人似乎並不讚同埃涅阿斯聽從諸神的建議去追求所謂的自由。因為“通往天堂的道路全都不那麽真實”,茫茫大海暗藏著無數凶險,“找不到更安全的船隻,去往那榮耀之國”。為什麽不留下來,與心愛的女人廝守一生呢?

可是最後,盡管心碎了一地,詩人仍以世間最優美的詩句讚美勞拉,就如太陽之神阿波羅會繼續愛著變成了月桂的達芙妮一樣。“在太陽的光圈下,愛/ 因你而價值非凡。”

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