因人而異。減肥的要減少總能量,降血壓吃含鉀成分高的有利,心血管疾病要減少飽和脂肪的攝入,等等。
吃什麽好當然是因人而異。如果要減肥,就要減少總的能量攝入。比較米和麵,很顯然米的能量要比麵粉低。吃米飯要比吃饅頭麵條有利於減肥。況且半斤米做的飯要比半斤麵粉做的麵食 看起來量大。 也許這是常吃麵食比常吃米食人顯得肥胖的原因之一。
玉米比麵粉的脂肪高出一倍 (有玉米油,沒見過小麥油吧),所以玉米不利於減肥。
馬鈴薯和紅薯 的能量要低的多, 而且這二者的鉀含量要比米的含量高,鉀是人體需要但是又不容易儲存的元素,所以從這減肥和吸收鉀元素來說 馬鈴薯和紅薯比米要好。馬鈴薯和紅薯又幾乎不含脂肪,對於降低血脂應該有用。
豆類的蛋白質含量接近於肉類。大豆的蛋白質含量甚至比肉還高。 紅豆和綠豆的脂肪含量,在同等蛋白質的攝入時,要低得多。這個真是劃算。另外紅豆和綠豆的鉀含量還是肉類的幾倍。紅豆和綠豆的鐵含量和維生素A 也比肉類高,從這五個方麵來看豆類比肉類更好。
和肉類相比,除了豆類脂肪低,鉀含量高外, 又不含膽固醇,據說人體必需的幾種氨基酸豆類含量也高。
當然口感則是另外一回事了。
下表為每100g食物 中所含營養成分。
玉米 | 小麥 | 麵粉 | 米 | 糙米 | 糯米 | 馬鈴薯 | 番薯 | 紅豆 | 綠豆 | 豆腐 | 大豆 | 花生 | 腰果 | |
能量 (kcal) | 365 | 338 | 364 | 130 | 110 | 97 | 76 | 85 | 329 | 347 | 76 | 446 | 567 | 553 |
脂類 /g | 4.7 | 2.5 | 1 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 4.8 | 20 | 49 | 11 |
飽和脂肪 /g | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 2.9 | 7 | 8 |
多元不飽和脂肪 / g | 2.2 | 1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 2.7 | 11 | 16 | 8 |
單元不飽和脂肪 /g | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 4.4 | 24 | 24 |
反式脂肪 /g | 0 | |||||||||||||
膽固醇 /mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
鈉 / mg | 35 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 55 | 5 | 15 | 7 | 2 | 18 | 12 |
鉀 / mg | 287 | 431 | 107 | 35 | 43 | 10 | 421 | 337 | 1254 | 1246 | 121 | 1797 | 705 | 660 |
碳水化合物 / g | 74 | 71 | 76 | 28 | 23 | 21 | 17 | 20 | 63 | 63 | 1.9 | 30 | 16 | 30 |
蛋白質 / g | 9 | 14 | 10 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2 | 2 | 1.6 | 21 | 24 | 8 | 36 | 26 | 18 |
維生素A/IU | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1418 | 17 | 114 | 85 | 22 | 0 | 0 |
鈣/mg | 7 | 34 | 15 | 10 | 10 | 2 | 12 | 30 | 66 | 132 | 350 | 277 | 92 | 37 |
維生素D/IU | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
維生素B12/ug | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
維生素C/mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19.7 | 2.4 | 0 | 4.8 | 0.1 | 6 | 0 | 0.5 |
鐵/mg | 2.7 | 3.5 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 5 | 6.7 | 5.4 | 15.7 | 4.6 | 6.7 |
維生素B6/mg | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
鎂/mg | 127 | 144 | 22 | 12 | 43 | 5 | 23 | 25 | 127 | 189 | 30 | 280 | 168 | 292 |
(鉀 /鈉) | 8 | 216 | 54 | 35 | 9 | 2 | 70 | 6 | 251 | 83 | 17 | 899 | 39 | 55 |
(鉀/脂 ) | 61.1 | 172 | 107 | 117 | 48 | 50 | 4210 | 3370 | 2508 | 1038 | 25. | 90 | 14.4 | 60 |
(不飽和/飽和) | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 |
堅果 | 核桃 | 開心果 | 棗 | 芝麻 | 牛肉 | 羊肉 | 肉排 | 魚 | 奶酪 | 乳 | 酸奶 | 蛋 | 黃油 | |
能量 (kcal) | 606 | 654 | 562 | 79 | 572 | 250 | 294 | 270 | 205 | 402 | 42 | 58 | 155 | 716 |
脂類 /g | 54 | 65 | 45 | 0.2 | 50 | 15 | 21 | 19 | 12 | 33 | 1 | 0.4 | 11 | 81 |
飽和脂肪 /g | 9 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 8 | 2.5 | 21 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 3.3 | 51 |
多元不飽和脂肪 / g | 15 | 47 | 14 | 0 | 22 | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 4.4 | 0.9 | 0 | 0 | 1.4 | 3 |
單元不飽和脂肪 /g | 28 | 9 | 24 | 0 | 19 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 4.4 | 9 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 4.1 | 21 |
反式脂肪 /g | 1.1 | |||||||||||||
膽固醇 /mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 90 | 97 | 78 | 63 | 105 | 5 | 5 | 373 | 215 |
鈉 / mg | 273 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 11 | 72 | 72 | 58 | 61 | 621 | 44 | 36 | 124 | 11 |
鉀 / mg | 632 | 441 | 1025 | 250 | 468 | 318 | 310 | 279 | 384 | 98 | 150 | 141 | 126 | 24 |
碳水化合物 / g | 21 | 14 | 28 | 20 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 | 5 | 3.6 | 1.1 | 0.1 |
蛋白質 / g | 20 | 15 | 20 | 1.2 | 18 | 26 | 25 | 25 | 22 | 25 | 3.4 | 10 | 13 | 0.9 |
維生素A/IU | 0 | 20 | 415 | 40 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 50 | 1002 | 47 | 4 | 520 | 2499 |
鈣/mg | 117 | 98 | 105 | 21 | 975 | 18 | 17 | 12 | 15 | 721 | 125 | 110 | 50 | 24 |
維生素D/IU | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 24 | 1 | 0 | 87 | 60 |
維生素B12/ug | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.2 |
0 | ||||||||||||||
維生素C/mg | 0.5 | 1.3 | 5.6 | 69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
鐵/mg | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.9 | 0.5 | 14.6 | 2.6 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 0 |
維生素B6/mg | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 0 | 0.8 | 4 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
鎂/mg | 229 | 158 | 121 | 351 | 21 | 23 | 23 | 30 | 28 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 2 | |
鉀 /鈉 | 2 | 221 | 1025 | 83 | 43 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
(鉀/脂 ) | 12 | 7 | 23 | 1250 | 9 | 21 | 15 | 15 | 32 | 3 | 150 | 353 | 11 | 0 |
不飽和/飽和 | 5 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
黃油 | 咖啡 | 巧克力 | 蜂蜜 | 糖 | 葡萄 | 蘋果 | 橙 | 香蕉 | 芒果 | 番木瓜 | 桃 | 櫻 | 草莓 | |
能量 (kcal) | 716 | 0 | 545 | 304 | 386 | 66 | 55 | 47 | 88 | 59 | 42 | 39 | 50 | 32 |
脂類 /g | 81 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
飽和脂肪 /g | 51 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
多元不飽和脂肪 / g | 3 | 0 | 1.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.22 |
單元不飽和脂肪 /g | 21 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | |
反式脂肪 /g | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||
膽固醇 /mg | 215 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
鈉 / mg | 11 | 2 | 24 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
鉀 / mg | 24 | 49 | 559 | 52 | 2 | 191 | 107 | 181 | 358 | 168 | 182 | 190 | 173 | 153 |
碳水化合物 / g | 0.1 | 0 | 61 | 82 | 100 | 17 | 14 | 12 | 23 | 15 | 11 | 10 | 12 | 8 |
蛋白質 / g | 0.9 | 0.1 | 4.9 | 0.3 | 0 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.7 |
維生素A/IU | 2499 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 54 | 225 | 64 | 1082 | 950 | 326 | 1283 | 12 |
鈣/mg | 24 | 2 | 56 | 6 | 1 | 14 | 6 | 40 | 5 | 11 | 20 | 6 | 16 | 16 |
維生素D/IU | 60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
維生素B12/ug | 0.2 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | ||||||||||||||
維生素C/mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 7 | 4.6 | 53.2 | 8.7 | 36.4 | 60.9 | 6.6 | 10 | 58.8 |
鐵/mg | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
維生素B6/mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
鎂/mg | 2 | 3 | 146 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 27 | 10 | 21 | 9 | 9 | 13 |
鉀 /鈉 | 2 | 25 | 23 | 13 | 2 | 96 | 107 | 358 | 168 | 23 | 58 | 153 | ||
(鉀/脂 ) | 0.3 | 18.03 | 478 | 535 | 1810 | 1193 | 420 | 607 | 633 | 577 | 510 |
檸檬 | 西蘭花 | 菜椒 | 卷心菜 | 蘿卜 | 菠菜 | 茄 | 辣椒 | 鱷梨 | 萵苣 | 洋蔥 | 番茄 | 黃瓜 | 胡蘿卜 | 西葫蘆 | 蒜 | |
能量 (kcal) | 28 | 33 | 20 | 24 | 15 | 23 | 24 | 39 | 160 | 14 | 39 | 17 | 15 | 41 | 16 | 148 |
脂類 /g | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 15 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 |
飽和脂肪 /g | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
多元不飽和脂肪 / g | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
單元不飽和脂肪 /g | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
反式脂肪 /g | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||||||||||
膽固醇 /mg | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
鈉 / mg | 2 | 33 | 3 | 18 | 39 | 79 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 28 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 69 | 8 | 17 |
鉀 / mg | 138 | 316 | 175 | 170 | 233 | 558 | 229 | 322 | 485 | 194 | 146 | 237 | 147 | 320 | 261 | 401 |
碳水化合物 / g | 9 | 7 | 4.6 | 6 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 2.9 | 9 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 10 | 3.1 | 33 |
蛋白質 / g | 1.1 | 2.8 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 2.9 | 1 | 1.9 | 2 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 6 |
維生素A/IU | 22 | 623 | 370 | 98 | 7 | 9377 | 23 | 952 | 146 | 7406 | 2 | 833 | 105 | 1670 | 200 | 9 |
鈣/mg | 26 | 47 | 10 | 40 | 25 | 99 | 9 | 14 | 12 | 36 | 23 | 10 | 16 | 33 | 16 | 181 |
維生素D/IU | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
維生素B12/ug | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
維生素C/mg | 53 | 89.2 | 80.4 | 36.6 | 14.8 | 28.1 | 2.2 | 144 | 10 | 9.2 | 7.4 | 13.7 | 2.8 | 5.9 | 17.9 | 31.2 |
鐵/mg | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 1 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.7 |
維生素B6/mg | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 1.2 |
鎂/mg | 8 | 21 | 10 | 12 | 10 | 79 | 14 | 23 | 29 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 18 | 25 |
鉀 /鈉 | 69 | 10 | 58 | 9 | 6 | 7 | 115 | 36 | 69 | 7 | 37 | 47 | 74 | 5 | 33 |
24 |