咖啡因與睡眠

對於咖啡因與睡眠關係的了解,緣於一段不愉快的經曆,大約在15年前的一個周末,在一個朋友家玩,他招待我喝咖啡,第一次喝咖啡,好奇加上當時感到特別好喝,就連喝了三杯,朋友沒有阻止,隻是意味深長的看著我,當天晚上一夜無眠,從此我的生活中再沒有了咖啡。回頭查了文獻,深感羞愧,一個醫學博士,竟然對咖啡因一無所知。 

        咖啡和茶可能是在美華人每家必備的飲品,自己消費或者招待客人,很多華人也與大多數美國人一樣,養成了每天喝咖啡的習慣,我家太太每天早晨一杯咖啡,僅限於早晨,一年三百六十五天無一例外,我即從那次喝咖啡的經曆後,從來不喝咖啡,我的飲料主要是白開水,偶爾喝點綠茶,但我晚上一般不喝茶,我喝的綠茶比較淡,加上綠茶本身比紅茶咖啡因低很多,飲綠茶並不影響我入睡,但它即影響了我的睡眠,對於我來說,茶水有很強的利尿作用,晚上喝茶以後頻繁的上廁所,睡眠自然受到影響!

        咖啡與茶葉裏麵最重要的成分是咖啡因,咖啡因是一種早晨清醒與白天防止困倦的常用工具,這是許多人早晨喝咖啡的原因,但咖啡因也有一些潛在的付作用,如可引起神經緊張,頭痛,心跳加速,心壓上升等,還有它會幹擾睡眠,特別在下午和晚上攝入咖啡因,來自一份大數據的研究報告數據顯示,大約88%經常在下午攝入咖啡因的人報告至少有一個睡眠問題。

        咖啡因影響睡眠的機製:人體中有一種物質叫腺苷,是體內重要的供能物質三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的代謝產物,當其在大腦中濃度上升時,與大腦的腺苷受體結合,抑製神經活動使人嗜睡,此現象稱為為睡眠驅力,腺苷濃度愈高,人體的睡意也會愈加強烈。咖啡因與腺苷的化學結構相似,當咖啡因進入體內後,會取代腺苷與大腦的受體結合,腺苷因此而失去了與腦內受體結合而導致嗜睡的功能,故而讓人保持精神抖擻。但體內腺苷仍然增加,當咖啡因被代謝掉以後,大量的腺苷再次與受體結合,引發更濃烈的倦意。咖啡因在人體內清除的速度因人而異,早上8-9點的咖啡,往往到晩上6-7點才能從體內代謝,因此午餐或下午喝咖啡,往往導致晚上難以入眠。

        為了防止咖啡因引起的睡眠問題,不要在下午晚些時候或晚上飲用咖啡,茶,可樂和其他含有咖啡因的飲料,喜歡喝咖啡的人,且攝入量較大的人,最好是隻有早晨喝咖啡了。當然,喜歡喝咖啡的人又發現它影響了自己的睡眠,可以通過調整攝入量以及飲用的時間,來減少或消除其對自己睡眠的影響。

        那些人不適合或不能飲用含咖啡因的飲料?由於咖啡因的特性以及其潛在的副作用,下列人群應減少或不飲用含咖啡因的飲料。

        1,兒童與青少年,咖啡因對兒童大腦發育和功能有負麵影響,因此,中國兒童青少年零食指南(2018版)禁止12歲以下的兒童攝取咖啡因,不喝濃茶與咖啡。青少年因仍處於發育生長期,攝入量應在成人的四分之一或者最好不喝。

         2,孕婦和哺乳期女性,對於習慣於喝咖啡的孕婦,應將每日攝入的咖啡因量控製在150-300毫克以下,平時沒有喝咖啡習慣者,建議不要飲用咖啡,以保證胎兒的正常生長發育。哺乳期媽媽最好不要喝咖啡與濃茶,因為咖啡因會通過乳汁進入寶寶體內,影響寶寶睡眠,並且會對中樞神經係統產生影響,導致頭暈,煩躁,心律加快,呼吸急促等。

         3,睡眠不好的人。如上文所述。

         4,某些種類的患者,如心律失常的人群,美國醫生大多建議有心悸或心律失常的病人戒斷或減少咖啡因的攝入量;胃腸道疾病患者,如胃潰瘍,胃食管反流病以及腸易激綜合征患者,少喝或不喝咖啡類飲料以免加重消化道原有的症狀與不適;另外青光眼患者應避免飲用含有咖啡因的飲料,以防因咖啡因引起眼壓升高而導致視神經損傷和視功能損害。

秋浦四郎 發表評論於
回複 'elfie' 的評論 : Thank you for sharing your experience of drinking coffee. Drinking coffee in the morning is a good habit and generally does not easily lead to poor sleep. I agree with your point of view, drink coffee and eat less. If drinking coffee can help people diet, it will definitely help people live longer!
elfie 發表評論於
I always drink two 12oz cups of coffee every morning. Can't remember when I started drinking coffee. I think at least for 25 years now. Coffee has lots of benefits. It helps reduce inflammation according to some studies, so it slows aging. I don't like tea. The only time I drank tea was when I got the stomach flu in 2023. Strangely it made me want to drink tea only. After recovery, I got back to coffee naturally. Coffee is like the breakfast for me, along with milk. It suppresses hunger. After the coffee, there's no desire to eat a big meal. Not taking lots of carb and sugar is good for my body. I have diabetes so any time I eat a lot of carbs; it feels uncomfortable within an hour. If I don't get a full stomach with bread, noodles or whatnot, it doesn't cause the fluctuations of blood sugar. I need to consume small meals. Coffee helps me to not feel hungry. And metformin also does that. It's a magic drug. I think eating food equals to bodily oxidation. The more you eat, the faster your body ages. It's like a slow suicide we commit every day. Pizza, burger, fried chicken, high calories, high fat. Alcohol too. Alcohol has calories, especially beer. The less we eat, the better. The people that were forced to live an extended period in minimum calories daily and survived actually lived much longer than average people do.
Lots of Holocaust survivors from the death camps lived to 90 or over 100. I think maybe their bodies were used to low calories intake. Drink coffee, eat less.
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