雅利安人-古印度-伊朗人，青銅時代一個民族

雅利安人是誰？

https://www.quora.com/Who-were-the-Aryans-5?no_redirect=1

Sandeep Rajput · 居住在英格蘭，更新於 6 年前

雅利安人（古印度-伊朗人）是青銅時代中期的一個民族，他們與早期從辛塔什塔-安德羅諾沃地區遷入塔紮巴加布-巴克特裏亞-馬爾吉亞納考古遺址的移民群體有關，並與 H 墓地、斯瓦特 V 墓地、犍陀羅墓地、銅窖、米坦尼文化和彩繪灰陶文化有關。這些遺址主要位於三個地區：印度西北部、伊朗北部和今敘利亞。

塔紮巴加布-巴克特裏亞-馬爾吉亞納考古遺址是早期印度-伊朗人從辛塔什塔-安德羅諾沃地區遷入以及後來從塔紮巴加布地區遷入的成果。這些人是駕馭戰車的，這賦予了他們更大的遷徙靈活性。塔紮巴加布-巴克特裏亞納-瑪爾吉亞納考古遺址群的居民自認為是雅利安人；米坦尼的銘文、《梨俱吠陀》的《蘇克塔》和《阿維斯陀》的《偈語》都證明了這一點。

塔紮巴加布-巴克特裏亞納-瑪爾吉亞納考古遺址群的居民居住在伊朗北部，留在該地區的居民使用古阿維斯陀語，並發展了前瑣羅亞斯德教時期的印度-伊朗文化和瑣羅亞斯德教文化。

然而，該地區曾有兩次大規模的遷徙。其中一組遷徙到印度西北部，並被確認為H墓地、斯瓦特V墓地、犍陀羅墓地、銅窖和彩繪灰陶文化的居民。他們是雅利安梨俱吠陀人。
在《梨俱吠陀》在印度西北部編纂的同時，雅利安戰車騎兵從塔紮巴加布-巴克特裏亞-瑪爾吉亞納考古遺址遷徙而來，入侵了如今位於敘利亞境內的胡裏安語城市米坦尼。

最初遷入塔紮巴加布-巴克特裏亞-瑪爾吉亞納考古遺址，以及後來遷入印度西北部和今敘利亞的遷徙，與雅利安人的擴張相呼應。因此，隻有祖先來自塔紮巴加布-巴克特裏亞-瑪爾吉亞納考古遺址的人群才是雅利安人的後裔。

雅利安人最大的族群在印度。印度雅利安人的後裔被認為是來自印度西北部梨俱吠陀血統的人群，例如婆羅門、刹帝利、吠舍和其他高種姓的印度教人群。波斯的帕西人和瑣羅亞斯德教徒是雅利安人的遺跡。波斯人口中相當一部分也是雅利安人的後裔。在敘利亞，盡管比例較低，但仍保留著雅利安米坦尼人血統的痕跡。

雅利安人是印歐戰車騎兵的後裔，他們崇尚馬匹。他們崇拜火，這似乎是《阿維斯陀經》和《梨俱吠陀經》中雅利安人的共同習俗。他們舉行盛大的馬祭和其他動物祭祀來祭祀他們的神靈，這些儀式是從中亞草原的印歐祖先那裏傳承下來的。祭祀植物索瑪/豪瑪在雅利安人的宗教中發揮著重要作用，正如《阿維斯陀經》和《梨俱吠陀經》中所提到的。他們使用一種印度-伊朗原始語言，這種語言在伊朗演變成阿維斯陀語，在印度演變成吠陀梵語。雅利安人的宗教是多神教，然而，隨著查拉圖斯特拉將一神教引入其族人，伊朗雅利安人的宗教信仰也隨之終結。古老的雅利安宗教在印度也逐漸衰落，取而代之的是吠檀多哲學，後者與早期吠陀嚴格的雅利安多神教相悖。

雅利安人的神祇與阿維斯陀雅利安人、梨俱吠陀雅利安人和米坦尼雅利安人所提及的神祇相同。這是因為各個地區的雅利安人的宗教隨著時間的推移而演變，他們共同信奉的神祇與居住在塔紮巴加布-巴克特裏亞納-瑪爾吉亞納考古遺址的雅利安人的神祇相同，這證明了雅利安人最初的多神教信仰。

米特拉——光明之神
在赫梯人和米坦尼人簽訂的條約中，米特拉是被祈求的神祇之一。

米特拉是梨俱吠陀的主要神祇之一，被單獨提及28次。

密特拉是古代阿維斯陀人的神祇，後來成為瑣羅亞斯德教的祭司。

因此，米特拉是雅利安人的原始神祇之一。

瓦魯那：神聖律法之神
在赫梯人和米坦尼人的條約中，瓦魯那被提及。

瓦魯那是梨俱吠陀的主要神祇之一，被單獨提及46次。

瓦魯那在阿維斯陀中被稱為“阿帕姆·納帕特”（Apam Napat），在梨俱吠陀中也有同樣的稱呼。瓦魯那與阿胡拉·沃魯那（Ahura Vouruna）等同。

因此，瓦魯那是雅利安人的原始神祇之一。

因陀羅：風暴之神

在赫梯人和米坦尼人的條約中，因陀羅被提及。

因陀羅是《梨俱吠陀》的主要神祇之一，單獨提及286次。

因陀羅是阿維斯陀雅利安人的德瓦神。

因此，因陀羅是雅利安人的原始神祇之一。

納薩提亞（Nasatya）：神聖的

騎兵

在赫梯人和米坦尼人之間的條約中，納薩提亞被提及。

納薩提亞是《梨俱吠陀》的主要神祇之一，被單獨提及56次。

Who were the Aryans?

https://www.quora.com/Who-were-the-Aryans-5?no_redirect=1?

Sandeep Rajput  · Lives in EnglandUpdated 6y

 

The Aryans (old Indo-Iranians) were a middle Bronze Age people who are associated with the early influx of migrants from the Sintashta-Andronovo region to the areas where the Tazabagyab-Bactriana-Margiana Archaeological Complex and are associated with the Cemetery H, Swat V, Gandhara Grave, Copper Hoard, Mitanni and the Painted Greyware cultures. These sites are located in three main regions: Northwestern India, Northern Iran and present-day Syria.

 

The Tazabagyab-Bactriana-Margiana Archaeological Complex was a result of early Indo-Iranian migration from the Sintashta-Andronovo region and later migration from the Tazabagyab region. These people were horse-chariotsmen which gave them greater mobility to migrate. The people of the Tazabagyab-Bactriana Margiana Complex identified themselves as the Aryans; the inscriptions of the Mitanni, the sūktas of the Rigveda and gathas of the Zend-Avesta are proof of this.

The people of the Tazabagyab-Bactriana-Margiana Archaeological Complex inhabited Northern Iran, those who remained in the region were speakers of Old Avestan and proliferated both pre-Zoroastrian Indo-Iranian culture and Zoroastrian culture.

However there were two major migrations from this region. One group migrated into Northwestern India and have been identified as the people of the Cemetery H, Swat V, Gandhara Grave, Copper Hoard and Painted Greyware cultures. These were the Aryan Rigvedic people.

At the same time the Rigveda was being composed in Northwestern India, Aryan chariotsmen migrated from the Tazabagyab-Bactriana-Margiana Archaeological Complex and invaded the Hurrian-speaking city of Mitanni now situated in present-day Syria.

 

The initial migration into the Tazabagyab-Bactriana-Margiana Archaeological Complex and the later migrations into Northwestern India and present-day Syria correspond with the expansion of the Aryan people. Therefore it is only populations with ancestry from the Tazabagyab-Bactriana-Margiana Archaeological Complex who are descended from the Aryan people.

The largest population of the Aryan people are in India. The descendants of the Aryan people in India are identified as those of Rigvedic lineage from Northwestern India such as Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and other high-caste Hindu populations. The Parsis and Zoroastrians of Persia are a vestige of the Aryan people. A considerable percentage of the Persian population are also descendants of the Aryan people. In Syria traces of Aryan Mitanni descent remain albeit at a low percentage.

The Aryans were the descendants of Indo-European horse-chariotsmen who revered the horse. They worshipped fire and this seems to be a common practise between the Aryans of the Zend-Avesta and Aryans of the Rigveda. They practised elaborate horse sacrifices and other animal sacrifices dedicated to their gods, rituals they perpetuated from their Indo-European forefathers of the Central Asian steppes. The ritual plant Soma/Haoma played an important function in the religion of the Aryans as it is mentioned in the Zend-Avesta and Rigveda. They spoke an Indo-Iranian proto-language which evolved into Avestan in Iran and Vedic Sanskrit in India. The religion of the Aryans was polytheistic however for the Aryans of Iran this was to end as Zarathustra introduced monotheism to his people. The ancient Aryan religion has also since faded in India being replaced with the Vedanta philosophies which oppose the strict Aryan polytheism of the early Vedas.

The gods of the Aryan people are those mentioned by the Avestan Aryans, Rigvedic Aryans and the Mitanni Aryans. This is because the religion of the Aryans in each region evolved over time, the gods they shared in common are the gods the Aryans living in the Tazabagyab-Bactriana-Margiana Archaeological Complex and attest to the original Aryan polytheistic religion.

1. Mitra- god of light

In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni, Mitra is one of the gods invoked.

Mitra is one of the principle gods of the Rigvedas, mentioned 28 times individually.

Mithra is a god of the old Avestan people, later became a yazata of the Zoroastrian religion.

Therefore Mitra is one of the original Aryan gods.

1. Varuna: god of divine law

In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni, Varuna is one of the gods invoked

Varuna is one of principle gods of the Rigvedas, mentioned 46 times individually.

Varuna is known as Apam Napat in the Avesta the same term is also found in the Rigvedas. Varuna identifies with Ahura Vouruna.

Therefore Varuna is one of the original Aryan gods.

1. Indra: god of the storms

In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni, Indra is one of the gods invoked.

Indra is one of the principle gods of the Rigvedas, mentioned 286 times individually.

Indra is a daeva of the Avestan Aryans.

Therefore Indra is one of the original Aryan gods

1. Nasatya: the divine horsemen

In a treaty between the Hittites and the Mitanni the Nasatya are invoked.

The Nasatya are one of the principle gods of the Rigvedas, mentioned 56 times individually.