風蕭蕭_Frank
以文會友
美國需要新的外交政策
傑弗裏·薩克斯 2023 年 4 月 13 日
https://www.jeffsachs.org/newspaper-articles/the-need-for-a-new-us-foreign-policy
美國的外交政策是建立在固有矛盾和致命缺陷之上的。 美國外交政策的目標是建立一個由美國主導的世界，由美國製定全球貿易和金融規則，控製先進技術，保持軍事霸權，並主導所有潛在競爭對手。 除非美國外交政策發生變化，承認多極世界的必要性，否則將導致更多戰爭，甚至可能引發第三次世界大戰。
美國外交政策的內在矛盾在於它與《聯合國憲章》相衝突，《聯合國憲章》承諾美國（以及所有其他聯合國成員國）遵守以聯合國機構為基礎的全球體係，其中沒有任何一個國家占主導地位。 致命的缺陷是，美國人口僅占世界人口的4%，缺乏經濟、金融、軍事和技術能力，更缺乏主導其餘96%人口的道德和法律訴求。
二戰結束時，美國在經濟、科技和軍事實力方麵遙遙領先於世界其他國家。 現在情況已不再如此，因為許多國家已經建立了自己的經濟和技術能力。
馬克龍總統最近說出了實話，他表示，歐盟雖然是美國的盟友，但不想成為美國的附庸。 他的這一言論在美國和歐洲受到廣泛攻擊，因為歐洲許多平庸的政客依賴美國的政治支持來維持權力。
2015年，美國重要外交政策戰略家、美國大使羅伯特·布萊克威爾異常清晰地描述了美國的大戰略。 他寫道：“自建國以來，美國始終奉行一項大戰略，重點是獲取並保持對各種競爭對手的卓越實力，首先是北美大陸，然後是西半球，最後是全球，”並認為“ 保持美國在全球體係中的主導地位應該仍然是美國二十一世紀大戰略的核心目標。”
為了維持美國相對於中國的主導地位，布萊克威爾製定了一項總統喬·拜登正在遵循的計劃。 除其他措施外，布萊克威爾呼籲美國在美國的朋友和盟友之間建立新的優惠貿易安排，通過有意識地排除中國的工具來增加互惠互利”，建立“技術控製製度”來阻止中國的戰略能力，建立一個 增強“美國在中國周邊的朋友和盟友的權力政治能力”，並在中國反對的情況下加強了美國在亞洲邊緣地區的軍事力量。
大多數美國政界人士以及英國、歐盟、日本、韓國、澳大利亞和新西蘭的許多政界人士都支持美國的激進做法。 我不。 我認為美國對中國的做法違背了《聯合國憲章》和和平。
中國有權實現繁榮和國家安全，不受美國在其邊境的挑釁。 20世紀70年代末以來，中國取得了令人矚目的經濟成就，對中國和世界來說都是美好的。
從1839年到1949年的漫長世紀裏，歐洲和日本入侵中國以及中國內戰，中國陷入極度貧困。 1839年英國入侵，迫使中國購買英國的鴉片。 在接下來的一個世紀裏，其他權力不斷湧現。 中國終於從那段災難中恢複過來，並在這個過程中結束了約10億人的貧困！
中國的新繁榮可以為世界帶來和平且富有成效的成果。 中國的成功技術 — — 從瘧疾的重要治療方法到低成本的太陽能和高效的 5G 網絡 — — 可以造福世界。 隻有美國把中國變成敵人，中國才會成為威脅。 美國對中國的敵意，將美國傲慢的統治目標與自19世紀以來長期存在的反華種族主義結合在一起，正在創造這個敵人。
美國外交政策的危險不僅僅局限於中國， 美國的目標是將北約擴大到烏克蘭和格魯吉亞，從而將俄羅斯包圍在黑海，這助長了烏克蘭戰爭。無數國家都看到了這種做法的危險。 從巴西到印度等主要國家都致力於建立一個多極世界。 聯合國所有成員國都應重新承諾遵守《聯合國憲章》，反對任何國家聲稱占據主導地位。
聯合專欄“新世界經濟”
南非，The Daily Maverick，4 月 13 日：
圭亞那，Stabroek 新聞，4 月 14 日：
https://www.stabroeknews.com/2023/04/14/features/the-need-for-a-new-us-foreign-policy/
閱讀 pdf
喬丹，《約旦時報》，4 月 15 日：
http://www.jordantimes.com/opinion/jeffrey-d-sachs/need-new-us-foreign-policy
孟加拉國，《每日星報》，4 月 15 日：
https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/views/news/the-need-new-us-foreign-policy-3297586
墨西哥，拉喬納達，4 月 16 日：
https://www.jornada.com.mx/2023/04/16/opinion/018a1mun
巴西，Valor Globo，4 月 17 日：
肯尼亞，《國家報》，4 月 19 日：
https://nation.africa/kenya/blogs-opinion/blogs/need-for-a-new-us-foreign-policy-4204110
中國，新浪財經，4月20日：
https://cj.sina.com.cn/articles/view/3262984432/c27d30f00010144b9
台灣《台北時報》4 月 21 日：
https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2023/04/21/2003798334
閱讀 pdf
希臘，卡西梅裏尼，4 月 24 日：
https://www.ekathimerini.com/opinion/1209394/the-need-for-a-new-us-approach-to-foreign-relations/
閱讀 pdf
菲律賓，《馬尼拉時報》，4 月 28 日：
https://www.manilatimes.net/2023/04/28/opinion/columns/sachs-us-aim-is-a-us-domulated-world/1889036
韓國，《韓國先驅報》，5 月 2 日：
https://n.news.naver.com/article/016/0002138057?type=journalists
https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20230502000074
閱讀 pdf
葡萄牙，《商業日報》，5 月 5 日：
閱讀 pdf
斯洛文尼亞，韋切爾，5 月 22 日：
閱讀 pdf
Mèngjiālā guó,“měi rì xīng bào”,4 yuè 15 rì:
Https://Www.Thedailystar.Net/opinion/views/news/the-need-new-us-foreign-policy-3297586
The need for a new US foreign policy
Jeffrey Sachs April 13, 2023
https://www.jeffsachs.org/newspaper-articles/the-need-for-a-new-us-foreign-policy
US foreign policy is based on an inherent contradiction and fatal flaw. The aim of US foreign policy is a US-dominated world, in which the US writes the global trade and financial rules, controls advanced technologies, maintains militarily supremacy, and dominates all potential competitors. Unless US foreign policy is changed to recognize the need for a multipolar world, it will lead to more wars, and possibly World War III.
The inherent contradiction in US foreign policy is that it conflicts with the UN Charter, which commits the US (and all other UN member states) to a global system based on UN institutions in which no single country dominates. The fatal flaw is that the US has just 4 percent of the world population, and lacks the economic, financial, military, and technological capacities, much less the ethical and legal claims, to dominate the other 96 percent.
At the end of World War II, the US was far ahead of the rest of the world in economic, technological, and military power. This is no longer the case, as many countries have built their economies and technological capacities.
President Emmanuel Macron recently spoke the truth when he said that the European Union, though an ally of the US, does not want to be a vassal of the US. He was widely attacked in the US and Europe for uttering this statement because many mediocre politicians in Europe depend on US political support to stay in power.
In 2015, US Ambassador Robert Blackwill, an important US foreign policy strategist, described US grand strategy with exceptional clarity. He wrote, “Since its founding, the United States has consistently pursued a grand strategy focused on acquiring and maintaining preeminent power over various rivals, first on the North American continent, then in the Western hemisphere, and finally globally,” and argued that “preserving U.S. primacy in the global system ought to remain the central objective of U.S. grand strategy in the twenty-first century.”
To sustain US primacy vis-à-vis China, Blackwill laid out a game plan that President Joe Biden is following. Among other measures, Blackwill called on the US to create “new preferential trading arrangements among U.S. friends and allies to increase their mutual gains through instruments that consciously exclude China,” “a technology-control regime” to block China’s strategic capabilities, a build-up of “power-political capacities of U.S. friends and allies on China’s periphery,” and strengthened U.S. military forces along the Asian rimlands despite any Chinese opposition.
Most US politicians and many in Britain, the EU, Japan, Korea, Australia, and New Zealand support the United States’ aggressive approach. I do not. I view the US approach to China as contrary to the UN Charter and peace.
China has the right to prosperity and national security, free from US provocations around its borders. China’s remarkable economic accomplishments since the late 1970s are wonderful for both China and the world.
During the long century from 1839 to 1949, China was driven into extreme poverty in a period marked by European and Japanese invasions of China and Chinese civil wars. Britain invaded in 1839 to force China to buy Britain’s addictive opium. Other powers piled on during the following century. China has finally recovered from that disastrous period, and in the process, ended poverty of around 1 billion people!
China’s new prosperity can be both peaceful and productive for the world. China’s successful technologies – ranging from vital cures for malaria to low-cost solar power and efficient 5G networks – can be a boon for the world. China will only be a threat to the extent that the US makes China into an enemy. US hostility to China, which mixes the arrogant US aim of dominance with long-standing anti-Chinese racism dating back to the 19th century, is creating that enemy.
The dangers of US foreign policy extend beyond China. The US goal to expand NATO to Ukraine and Georgia, thereby surrounding Russia in the Black Sea, helped stoke the Ukraine War. Countless nations see the danger of this approach. Major nations from Brazil to India and beyond aim for a multipolar world. All UN member states should recommit to the UN Charter and oppose claims of dominance by any nation.
Syndicated column "The New World Economy,”
South Africa, The Daily Maverick, April 13:
Guyana, Stabroek News, April 14:
https://www.stabroeknews.com/2023/04/14/features/the-need-for-a-new-us-foreign-policy/
Read the pdf
Jordan, The Jordan Times, April 15:
http://www.jordantimes.com/opinion/jeffrey-d-sachs/need-new-us-foreign-policy
Bangladesh, The Daily Star, April 15:
https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/views/news/the-need-new-us-foreign-policy-3297586
Mexico, La Jornada, April 16:
https://www.jornada.com.mx/2023/04/16/opinion/018a1mun
Brazil, Valor Globo, April 17:
Kenya, The Nation, April 19:
https://nation.africa/kenya/blogs-opinion/blogs/need-for-a-new-us-foreign-policy-4204110
China, Finance Sina, April 20:
https://cj.sina.com.cn/articles/view/3262984432/c27d30f00010144b9
Taiwan, Taipei Times, April 21:
https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archives/2023/04/21/2003798334
Read the pdf
Greece, Kathimerini, April 24:
https://www.ekathimerini.com/opinion/1209394/the-need-for-a-new-us-approach-to-foreign-relations/
Read the pdf
The Philippines, The Manila Times, April 28:
https://www.manilatimes.net/2023/04/28/opinion/columns/sachs-us-aim-is-a-us-dominated-world/1889036
South Korea, The Korea Herald, May 2:
https://n.news.naver.com/article/016/0002138057?type=journalists
https://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20230502000074
Read the pdf
Portugal, Jornal de Negócios, May 5:
Read the pdf
Slovenia, Ve?er, May 22:
Read the pdf
