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斯蒂格利茨：美國對華“敵對”政策可能導致世界分裂
國家發展和改革委員會副主席寧吉喆（左）和哥倫比亞大學教授約瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨周日出席在北京舉行的中國發展高層論壇。 （法新社/托馬斯·彼得）
作者：日本新瀉 ● 2023 年 5 月 12 日星期五
諾貝爾經濟學獎得主約瑟夫·斯蒂格利茨周五對法新社表示，美國對中國的“敵對”政策有可能將世界分裂為兩個陣營，他敦促西方向發展中國家提供投資，而不是“講課”。
“這將是一個好主意......其他七國集團國家試圖向美國施加壓力，要求其說，‘你正在做的事情是將世界分成兩個集團，這將是困難的，’” 教授在日本舉行的七國集團部長級會談間隙說道。
“我們可能處於某種戰略競爭中，但這並不意味著我們必須如此敵對。”
斯蒂格利茨警告說，美國民主黨和共和黨之間對中國表現得強硬的競爭可能會破壞針對氣候變化和其他全球危機的國際行動。
他認為，華盛頓最近試圖限製中國對關鍵供應鏈的影響力的舉動不能簡單地用對北京政治製度的擔憂來解釋。
“我們有很多專製的朋友，但我們不喜歡的是經濟競爭和政治競爭，”他說。
美國違約風險“重大”
這位80歲的前世界銀行首席經濟學家表示，與中國等國家相比，西方國家對發展中經濟體的投資“非常少”。
“有一個笑話是，我們給他們講課，告訴他們該怎麽做，然後他們給錢，”他說。
來自印度、巴西和印度尼西亞的財政部長與七國集團財政部長和央行行長一道，於周四在日本新瀉市舉行了為期三天的會議。
這些國家以及包括越南和非洲聯盟主席國科摩羅在內的其他國家的領導人也應邀參加下周末在廣島舉行的七國集團峰會。
“這裏的其他一些國家可能會幫助說服七國集團……部分問題是七國集團，特別是美國，在拉丁美洲和非洲並不存在。因此，雖然我們說我們在競爭，但我們實際上是在競爭。” 沒有進行投資，”斯蒂格利茨說。
中國通過其龐大的“一帶一路”倡議為世界各地的基礎設施提供資金，盡管華盛頓及其盟友指出與其項目相關的高額回報。
目前尚不清楚七國集團是否會在下周的會談後宣布具體的投資公告，不過將討論通過多元化經營來“降低”半導體等關鍵行業風險的努力。
斯蒂格利茨還對美國債務上限危機發表了看法，此前一天，美國財政部長珍妮特·耶倫表示，華盛頓“無法想象”債務違約。
這位經濟學家警告說，“達不成協議的風險很大”，並稱共和黨堅持大幅削減支出以換取提高限額是“狂熱的”。
“這在政治上是不合理的……但美國的政治已經陷入了一個非常奇怪的境地，”他說。
'Hostile' US policies on China risk dividing world: Stiglitz
National Development and Reform Commission vice chairman Ning Jizhe (left) and Columbia University professor Joseph Stiglitz attend the China Development Forum in Beijing on Sunday. (AFP/Thomas Peter)
By Niigata, Japan ● Fri, May 12, 2023
"Hostile" US policies on China risk splitting the world into two blocs, Nobel-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz told AFP on Friday, urging the West to offer investment not "lectures" to developing countries.
"It would be a good idea... for the other G7 countries to try to put pressure on the United States to say, 'what you're doing is forming the world into two blocs, and that will be hard,'" the professor said on the sidelines of Group of Seven ministerial talks in Japan.
"We may be in some kind of strategic competition, but that doesn't mean that we have to be quite so hostile."
Stiglitz warned that competition between US Democrats and Republicans to look tough on China could undermine international action on climate change and other global crises.
And he argued that recent moves by Washington, which is attempting to limit Chinese influence on critical supply chains, could not be explained simply by concerns over Beijing's political system.
"We have many, quote, friends who are authoritarian, but what we don't like is the economic competition, and political competition," he said.
US default risk 'significant'
The West meanwhile is investing "very little" in developing economies, compared to countries like China, said the 80-year-old American, a former World Bank chief economist.
"There's a joke that we give them lectures about what to do, and they give them money," he said.
Finance ministers from India, Brazil and Indonesia have joined their G7 counterparts and central bank chiefs for a three-day meeting in the Japanese city of Niigata, which kicked off on Thursday.
Leaders from those nations and others including Vietnam and African Union chair Comoros are also invited to next weekend's G7 summit in Hiroshima.
"Some of the other countries here may help persuade the G7... that part of the problem is that the G7, particularly the US, is not present in Latin America and Africa. So while we say we're competing, we're not doing the investment," Stiglitz said.
China funds infrastructure around the world through its huge Belt and Road Initiative, though Washington and its allies point to the high repayments associated with its projects.
It is unclear if the G7 will make concrete investment announcements after talks next week, though efforts to "de-risk" key sectors like semiconductors by diversifying away from China will be on the table.
Stiglitz also weighed in on the US debt limit crisis, a day after Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said it would be "unthinkable" for Washington to default on its debt.
The economist warned that "the risk of not reaching agreement is significant", calling Republican insistence on deep spending cuts in exchange for raising the limit "fanatic".
"It would not be politically rational... But politics in America has gotten into a very strange place," he said.
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