馬克思的剩餘價值

1/17/2013, chatting in TZLC Group

 

剩餘價值是馬克思主義的基石。You got to respect those “Westerners” (especially Jewish), in the sense that their “形式”能力非常高：個把公理，導處一堆定理，引出千千萬萬……等某個實證和理論有重大偏差，再回頭修正。相對中國個人的思維方式完全不是這樣的，天工開物多，理論非常少而弱。

When in high school, we were told 生產要素為：勞動者、勞動資料、和勞動對象。馬克思“發現”了剩餘價值，which被萬惡的資本家竊取了。Well, that’s at least logical (in that system), there is stuff left on the table, which supposed to be given to勞動者 (pending definition）.

When in college, 經管學院教both社會主義經濟學and西方經濟學，in which the definition of 生產要素broaden to：資本and企業家。I just went online and checked what’s the latest, here is one:

生產要素通常包括資本、勞動力、技術、土地、經濟信息和經濟管理等六種。

·         資本包括資本貨物(機器設備、廠房建築物和原材料等)和金融資產(股票、債券和借款等);

·         勞動力包括體力勞動者和腦力勞動者;

·         技術包括文字、表格、數據、配方等有形形態，也包括實際生產經驗、個人的專門技能等無形形態;

·         土地不僅包括其本身，還包括地下的礦藏和地上的自然資源;

·         經濟信息要素是指與產品生產、銷售和消費直接相關的消息、情報、數據和知識等;

·         經濟管理要素又稱為生產組織要素或企業家才能要素。

My point is, if there is something left on the table, theoretically it belongs to all of those above. We all know now, forget about the theories for the moment, a worker without knowledge/skill doesn’t worth much, a business without strong management can’t survive for long, without data it’s like no blood…

所謂萬惡的資本家，其實當中包括了資本的回報，管理，各種專業性的腦力勞動...承擔了風險，打造了舞台，推動了社會進步……

Don’t get me wrong, KM is a great Philosopher with great intention. There are few people like him could stand that high, but any theory system could be wrong or at least 不完備.