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四麵楚歌之中國篇 未來世界之新格局之九

(2009-07-19 22:20:37) 下一個

談到新能源和新材料,就不得不對中國的鐵礦石的頭痛說幾句。

看著中國鋼鐵行業的混亂,已經不是一年兩年了。可以說自從寶鋼上馬以後,中國在鋼鐵行業的發展上,從來就沒有一個清晰的方向。問題成堆,在於產業集成化程度低,產能過剩,而且中小鋼廠成堆。在海外資源上,先是進取精神不夠,後來是進取能力不高。然後加上內部人士被人挖角,被策反的內奸太多,結果是空有一個龐大的需求量,卻被三家礦產公司,玩弄於股掌之上,真是沒有出息。

在人事上,簡直就是關鍵部門全部被人通融了。其實非常簡單,中國的大型鋼鐵企業,和前政府相關官員,簡單規定,不能為三大礦山工作。如果你以前負責和三大礦山談判,結果不太理想。幾年後你就去這些公司裏做在華高管,那就是很明顯的利益輸送問題了。

還有就是如果你力佑公司請了胡某人做中國公司總裁,對不起,他的所有關係人物必須全部調離相關崗位,很簡單,有利益衝突的嫌疑。

當然中國自己搞出來的長期協議價市場和現貨價市場的雙軌製度,也是一個問題。部分國有大鋼企利用手上權力,將長協礦石倒賣到現貨上,從中漁暴利。因此對這些企業來說,長協議價錢不是問題,礦石配額是問題。隻要拿到足夠配額,反正成本不影響自己的盈利,那麽隻要三大礦配合一下,把現價礦石價格抬上去,那麽這些企業就發了。當然三大礦也發了,倒黴的是中國的中小鋼鐵,然後就把成本轉嫁給中國的其他下遊企業。

而其他下遊企業,反正還可以通過給政府施壓,獲得能源和環境上的價格優惠,還可以壓製血汗農民工的工資,保證控製成本。

有人歎息到,人家控製70%的貨源啊,俺們怎麽辦呢?

俺也是一聲歎息。歐佩克掌握多少石油貨源,人家美國佬不是想炒上去就上去,想炒下來就下來?

其實簡單的很,我這裏就有一個妙計。

首先是打擊長協礦向現貨礦的倒賣。建立一個全國性的跟蹤係統。拿長協議礦石的許可企業,如果向現貨礦企業轉賣的話,國家征收轉賣稅,就是你這個價格差。就是說杜絕你倒賣的空間。

然後就是這個力佑間諜案,幹得好。這幫家夥,俺不信你就沒有把柄可以捏在俺手裏。力佑不服氣,大家就停止礦石談判。俺也不相信必和必佑和淡水河穀沒有問題。好辦,俺可以和淡水河穀做一個交易,就是你按照俺的條件談判,俺就不抓你的間諜。和你談一個好價錢,俺可以加大合同購買額。

然後,宣布力佑公司在中國從事違法活動,將其列入黑名單,停止在華銷售權利5年。看你丫還折騰。

要是三大礦不服氣,來個共同進退,如何應對?

也不難。鋼鐵工業是個夕陽工業,本來就必須減少產能。這個汙染行業,如何可以得到重視綠色工業,追求環保的中國政府的親眯?中國政府應該將碳纖維作為一個未來發展的新材料工業。

碳纖維質量輕,硬度高,是用來替代鋼鐵的新材料,對減低碳排放和改善世界氣候條件有很大作用。現在很多的飛機機翼都是用碳纖維製造。

其實如果可以把汽車的車身用碳纖維來替代,就可以少用很多鋼鐵。

因此中國政府的發改委,應該可以提出一個“鋼鐵替代征求意見稿”,就是說,俺們中國可以考慮一個路線圖,就是希望可以降低碳纖維的成本,通過政府補貼和傾斜政策,等等,來促進這個行業發展。

這個藍圖,就是在2015年,俺們希望中國所有銷售的汽車,要達到碳纖維替代50%,在2020年,爭取達到100%。而在大型建築上,對鋼鐵用量進行節約措施,杜絕浪費。

俺想看一看那時候三大礦山公司的股價還剩多少?

當然俺的這個想法,不是隻是一個談判的策略,而是中國政府未來的國策。那就是中國的能源和原材料的依賴必須多樣化,不能受到一兩個企業,和一兩個國家的控製。除非這個相關國家允許中國對其資源有一定程度的控製,可以做到互利互惠,那才值得建立長久的信賴關係。

其實中國應該把自己依賴的原材料,整個梳理一遍,把這些情況理清。

不然的話,鐵礦石導致的國家安全利益,和經濟發展困境,就一直會成為中國人頭痛和困擾的事情。

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評論
chinomango 回複 悄悄話 "efforts in the Middle East" yes but Chinese gov is in China already in position.
"國際金融炒家。Just see Soros" Compared with wall st. Soros is still smaller percent.
greatandes 回複 悄悄話 In addition to my previous comments, for your claim that "俺也是一聲歎息。歐佩克掌握多少石油貨源,人家美國佬不是想炒上去就上去,想炒下來就下來?", even if the Americans have the power to control oil price, it is a result of decades of political and military efforts in the Middle East. Also,USA has political influence in the Middle East including their friendship with the Saudi royal family.They do have allies there. Also there are many oil-producing countries,each with individual interest. But there are only three major iron ore providers--Rio Tinto, BHP Billiton and Vale. Rio Tinto and BHP are soon to merge as people believe. So it clearly monopoly and it is not so easy to break them down. Not to say, the big stake holders behind these groups are not necessarily Australians or Brazilians. There can be big fishes, very hard to fight with. It will be a tough war. No other country (including Japan and Italy) can really negotiate the price down by a lot so far. So it's obvious a lost case.

You comment saying "宣布力佑公司在中國從事違法活動,將其列入黑名單,停止在華銷售權利5年"is really naive. Like 朗鹹平said(there is some truth in his theory!), the Chinese GDP highly depends on real estate, on large constructions. China is having big plans, to build roads, railroads, etc. China needs iron! If you don't buy from Rio, then Vale will ask whatever they want (check this: http://finance.sina.com.cn/chanjing/gsnews/20090721/12536508660.shtml) Although lately China and Brazil are cooperating a lot, remember that Vale is perhaps not a simple Brazillan company! You have to know who are the big bosses behind all this.

greatandes 回複 悄悄話 Hey there, it's a good article but it seems you are a little outdated. Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton are on the track to merged to be one company so it's a laugh to say that China can negotiate iron ore price with BHP while turning away from Rio Tinto. Also the companies are "力拓" and "必和必拓". It's not "力佑" and "必和必佑".

For the comment that "歐佩克掌握多少石油貨源,人家美國佬不是想炒上去就上去,想炒下來就下來?", it is not right to say that Americans are deciding the prices. It is really 國際金融炒家。Just see Soros who is an American but immigrated to Singapore! It is not that he thinks Singapore is better than America. He just takes profit from everybody in the world, from both Americans and Europeans, as well as the Chinese. You like to direct all hatred to USA. But nowadays every ordinary man in the world is a victim to those very rich people, who don't have nationalities when robbing people.
nauticl 回複 悄悄話 Very interesting ideas. I wish your articles have wider readership.
wanderlustnyer 回複 悄悄話 Lots of good ideas in your blog. The problem though, is that the interest of the individual is not aligned with the interest of the state.
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