13 苦諦 Bitter Crux

目錄 Content：13.1 欲界 Desire Boundary；13.1.1 地獄趣 Hell Interest；13.1.2 畜生趣 Livestock Interest；13.1.3 餓鬼趣 Hungry Ghost Interest；13.1.4 修羅趣 Asura Interest；13.1.5 人趣 Human Interest；13.1.6 欲天趣 Desire Sky Interest；13.2 色界 Color Boundary；13.3 無色界 Colorless Boundary；13.4 統觀大千世界 General View of the Great Grand Worlds.

苦諦談三千大千世界（如圖13.1）的眾生相是一大苦具。三千大千世界是由十億塵刹土世界構成的。塵刹土是一瞬間的感知，亦作一小世界。土是身土義，亦作佛。佛是梵語，覺義，聖人義。古人稱一千位一小千，一百萬為一中千，十億為一大千。古人在讀時，先看見三組三個零，就讀出了三千，又看見三千是一個數字，就讀成了 三千大千世界。實際上三千大千世界和大千世界的意義相同。
The Bitter Crux talks about phenomena that Three-Grand Great-Grand World of sentient beings are a big bitter aggregate. The Three-Grand Great-Grand World is composed of 1,000,000,000 “dust instant soils”. The “dust instant soils” means the momentary body and mind, is also called “a small world”. The soil means perception, Buddha. Buddha is a Pali word, means Perception, sage. The ancients called a thousand a small grand, a million a medium grand, and a billion a great grand. When the ancients read it, they first saw three groups of three zeros and read "three grands". Then saw that three thousand are one number, so they read it as "three-grand great-grand world”. In fact, the Three-Grand Great-Grand World and the Great-Grand World have the same meaning.

  

13.1 欲界 Desire Boundary (Fig.13.1-23)
依據對根本十戒的遵守與違犯，古德把眾生分成了六類，稱作六道，或六趣。根本十戒亦可分為十惡戒和十善戒。十惡戒是：（一）殺生，（二）偷盜，（三）邪淫， （四）妄語，（五）綺語，（六）惡口，（七）兩舌，（八）慳貪，（九）嗔恚，（十）邪見。古人根據對十惡戒的違犯程度，把惡人分成了三類，稱作三惡趣（如圖22至20），或三惡道，分別是地獄趣、畜生趣、和惡鬼趣。
不作以上十惡，就是十善：（一）不殺生，或不唯不行殺害，更能實行救護；（二）不偷盜，或不唯不行非予取，更能實行給施；（三）不邪淫，或不唯不行淫邪，更能實行清淨。此前三戒是身戒，是約束身體行為的戒律。什麽是不殺生？如自己不親自殺生，不幫助別人殺生，不製造運輸殺人的武器裝備，不建議慫恿和歌頌死亡。
Based on the observance or violation of the Ten Fundamental Precepts, Ancient Virtues divided all living beings into six categories, called the six paths, or six interests. The Ten Fundamental Precepts can also be divided into the Ten Ferocious Precepts and the Ten Benevolent Precepts. The ten ferocious precepts are: 1. killing, 2. stealing, 3. heretical sexual conduction, 4. delusional speech, 5. flowery speech, 6. ferocious speech, 7. two-tongue, 8. stingy greed, 9. hatred irritability, and 10. heretic. According to the degree of violation of the ten ferocious precepts, the ancients divided the ferocious sentient beings into three categories called the Three Ferocious Interests (cf. figs. 22 to 20), or the Three Ferocious Paths, which are the hell interests, the livestock interests, and the hungry ghost interests.
Not committing the above ten ferocities are the Ten Benevolences: (1) not to kill, or not only not to kill but also to save lives; (2) not to steal, or not only not to steal but also to practice donation; (3) not to commit heretical sex, or not only not to commit heretical sex but also to practice immaculateness. The previous three precepts are body precepts that govern bodily physical behavior. What is it to refrain from killing? Such as one does not kill personally, does not help others to kill, does not manufacture or transport weapons and equipment for killing, does not recommend encourage and eulogize death.

（四）不妄語，或不唯不行誑惑，更能言說真實語；（五）不綺語，或不唯不行魅惑，更能作利益語。（六）不惡口，或不唯不行粗獷，更能善言安慰；（七）不兩舌，或不唯不行離間，更能從中調和。此四是口戒。
（八）不慳貪，或不唯不行慳吝，更能進行施舍；（九）不嗔恚，或不唯不行憤恚，更能恒生慈念；（十）不邪見，或不唯不行邪見，更能信行四諦因果理。此三是意戒。
古人根據對此十善戒的違犯程度，把善人分成了三類，分別是修羅趣（如圖19），人趣（如圖18），和天趣（如圖15至1）。六趣亦作六道，是說此類人正行進在去往地獄、惡鬼等處的道路上。本章後文對此六趣做進一步的分析和辨別。
(4) not to speak delusionally, or not only not to muddle and deceive, but also to speak truthfully; (5) not to use flowery speech, or not only not to seduce, but also to speak for the benefit of others. (6) not to speak of coarse ferocious language, or not only not to speak ferociously, but also to speak kindly to console; (7) not to two-tongue, not only not to sow discord, but also to conciliate and harmonize. The four are oral precepts.
(8) not to be stingy greed, or not only not to be stingily greed, but also to perform donation; (9) not to be resentfully irritated, or not only not to be angry, but also to be able to bear merciful spell; (10) not to be heretical, or not only not to be heretical, but also be able to believe and implement the causes and fruits of the Four Victorious Cruxes. The three are intentional precepts.
According to the degree of violation of these Ten Good Precepts, Ancient Virtues divided the good people into three categories, namely, Asura Interest (cf. fig. 19), Human Interest (cf. fig. 18), and Sky Interest (cf. figs. 15 to 1). The six Interests are also known as Six Paths; Path mean that such people are traveling on the road to hell, hungry ghost, and so on places. These six interests are further analyzed and identified below in this chapter.

古德又根據眾生的種性把眾生分成了三界。界是因義，種子義，是生命之樹的四大種之一（參見11.2節的四大種）。欲界，如插圖13.1-35所示，義為此界眾生，都是從欲望的種子而有，都有飲食、睡眠、性交等色聲香味觸五欲。那還有沒有欲望的人嗎？插圖36是色界，那種境界的人沒有男女差別，也沒有飲食的欲望，和睡眠的需求。插圖37是無色界，是純粹的思想意識狀態，沒有身體的感覺，自然就沒有飲食、睡眠、和性生活的需求。
The ancient sages divided all sentient beings into three boundaries according to their seed nature. The boundary means cause, seed, is one of the four big seeds (cf. section 11.2) of the Tree of Life. Desire Boundary, as shown in Illustrations 13.1-35, means that all beings in this boundary are born from the seeds of desires, have the five desires of color, sound, smell, taste, and touch, such as eating, sleeping, and sexual intercourse. Are there any who have no desires? Fig. 36 is Color Boundary, where there is no difference between men and women, and there is no desire for food, drink, or sleep. Fig. 37 is Colorless Boundary, which are pure conscious states, with no bodily feelings, so naturally there is no need at all for food, drink, sleep, or sexual intercourse.

13.1.1 地獄趣 Hell Interest (Fig. 13.1.1-22)
地獄義為心路絕處，不幸處，是犯了五逆罪或上品十惡罪的人所去的，吃苦受折磨的地方。在三惡道，即地獄道、畜生道、和餓鬼道中，地獄是火途，謂此道是惡人受熾火燒烤的旅途（如插圖13.1.1-22）。
Hell means the place of despair and misfortune. It is where people who commit “Five Crimes of Anti” or the upper grade of “Ten-Ferocity Crimes” go, where they suffer and are tortured. Among the three evil paths, namely the hell path, livestock path, and hungry ghost path, hell is fire path, which means that this path is a journey where evil people are roasted by fiery fire (as shown in Figure 13.1.1-22).

13.1.1.1 五逆罪 Five Crimes of Anti
五逆是指弑父，殺母，出神身血，殺阿羅漢，破和合僧。一般人都是由父母撫養長大的，殺害自己的父母，會破壞內心的環境，患精神病，也就是墮入地獄。
神的外貌是人思維機製中的默認模型，亦作大種（參見11.2《四大種》）。當大種有變化時，依其所造的一切都會隨著改變，所以人看見流血的神會引起神經錯亂，所以說出神身血會墮入地獄（即患精神病，案例參見10.8 《神的外貌》。另外，盜、毀、和誹謗神佛的常駐物也屬於出神身血罪。神佛的常駐物如神龕，佛像，廟宇、以及廟宇中的器具等。
The Five Antis are patricide, matricide, bleeding god’s body, killing an Ararat, and to ruin monk making. People are generally raised by their parents, when they kill their parents, they destroy their inner environment and suffer from mental illness, which means they fall into hell. 
The appearance of God is the default model in mind mechanism, also known as the big seed (see 11.2 "Four Big Seeds"). When the big seed changes, everything created by it will change accordingly. Therefore, seeing God bleeding will cause mental disorder, so saying that bleeding God's body will cause people to fall into hell (i.e. suffer from mental illness, for examples, see 10.8 "Godly Appearances"). In addition, stealing, destroying, and slandering the permanent dwelling objects of Gods and Buddhas also belong to the sin of bleeding God. The permanent objects of Gods and Buddhas include shrines, Buddha statues, temples, and vessels in temples, etc.

殺阿羅漢就是殺佛。羅漢山是對成就羅漢果（參見15.2.6《四沙門果》）聖人的稱呼，亦作金剛山，佛。
破和合僧就是破壞上帝三人組（即神父，金童（亞當），和玉女（夏娃）；參見10.9《上帝的三和合》）的合成。僧義為上帝的社區，即上帝的三和合。例如本書15.4節《墨西哥法典》中，當墨西哥（亦作金童，亞當，特拉洛克，獅子）從地獄裏反回到納瓦特國後，翠玉女（即玉女，夏娃）拒絕把王位轉交給墨西哥。這時月亮女神苦尤姬（如圖26）帶兵圍住了聖城，要挾天道輪回的守護女神蔻特鶹鵂（Coatlicue），要從廢黜的金童中選舉出一位特拉洛克。墨西哥說： “如果民主選舉能造出特拉洛克（即佛），左翼蜂鳥（即神父）就沒必要犧牲自己來造特拉洛克了。” 說著，他就砍下了月亮女神苦尤姬的頭，並把她的屍體肢解成了許多塊兒（如圖25所示）。就這樣，這位月亮女神立刻成為了一位亞特蘭蒂斯（義為大西洋的叛逆者，如圖26），沉沒到了大西洋底。
Killing an Ararat is killing a Buddha. Mountain Ararat is a fame for a sage who has achieved the Ararat Fruit (see 15.2.6 "Four Shamanic Fruits”), also known as Philosopher-Stone Mountain, Buddha.
To ruin monk making, English word Monk is Sanskrit word Sangha, means the community of Godly trinity (see 10.9 “Godly Trinity”). To ruin Monk making is to destroy the combination of the Godly Trinity, Godfather, Gold Boy (Adam), and Jade Girl (Eve). For example, in section 15.4 of this book, "Mexican Codex", when Mexico (also known as the Gold Boy, Tlaloc, Adam, Great Black Sky, and Jaguar) returned to the Nahuatl Kingdom from hell, Chalchiuhtlicue (i.e., Jade Girl, Eve) refused to hand over the throne to Mexico. At this time, the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui (as shown in Figure 26) led a siege to the sacred city Coatepec, threatened the Godly Cycle Guardian, Coatlicue, to elect a Tlaloc from the deposed Gold Boys. Mexico said: "If democratic elections can create Tlaloc (i.e., Buddha), there is no need for Huitzilopochtli (i.e., the Godfather, new sun god) to sacrifice himself to create Tlaloc." As he said this, he chopped off the head of the moon goddess Coyolxauhqui and dismembered her body into many pieces (as shown in Figure 25). In this way, Coyolxauhqui, an emerging Mount Ararat, immediately became one of Atl-anti-s (Atlantis means Atlantic rebels) and sank to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.

插圖23是公元七世紀墨西哥的帕卡爾（Pakal）王的棺材蓋板，顯示特拉洛克（又名金童，獅子）在得知神父過世的信息後，體內發生了爆炸，墮入了地獄（即患了精神病），如獅子頭在火匣中所表示。整幅圖像似人在操縱一部機器，表明特拉洛克在地獄中覺悟到了 “五逆和十惡罪” 是對心理機製的逆操作，從而他覺悟到了人神契約（參見16.2節）。
Illustration 23 is the coffin cover of King Pakal of Mexico in the seventh century CE., showing that after learning about the death of his godfather, Tlaloc (also known as the Golden Child, Jaguar) exploded inside his body and fell into hell (i.e., he became mentally ill), as represented by the Jaguar's head in the firebox. The whole image looks like a person operating a machine, indicating that Tlaloc realized in hell that the "five anti crimes and ten ferocious deeds" are the reverse operation of mind mechanism, thus he realized The Covenant Ark (see Section 16.2).

13.1.1.2 上品十惡 Top Ten Ferocities
本文從對境增上，對煩惱心增上，和對所作事增上，這三個方麵來辨別地獄趣。
（一）對心理環境增上，如殺父、弑母、出神身血、殺阿羅漢、破和合僧；再如毀盜宗教常住物，欺誑君父師長等。
（二）對煩惱心增上，如極重嗔纏，猛利嗔憤等。
（三）對事增上，如數數殺生，數數偷盜，數數邪見，日積月累不改悔等。
以要言之，純從分別見惑所發惡業，名為上品十惡，是地獄因。
This article identifies the hellish interest in terms of the three aspects of the escalation to environments of heart, the escalation to vexatious heart, and the escalation to affairs.
(1) Escalation to the psychological environments, such as killing father, killing mother, bleeding God, killing Ararat, breaking the production of godly trinity; and destroying or stealing religious permanent relics, deceiving leader of the state, father, and teachers, etc.
(2) Escalation to vexatious heart, such as extremely heavy irritable entanglement, extremely ferocious hate, and indignation, etc.
(3) Escalation to affairs, such as again and again killing sentients, again and again stealing and robbing, again and again being heretical, accumulating days and months without repentance, etc.
To summarize, the ferocious karmas that arise purely from the discriminative view muddles are called the Top Ten Ferocities, and it is the cause of hell.

13.1.1.3 八寒八熱地獄 Eight Cold and Eight Hot Hells
地獄有八寒，八熱大地獄，一百零八遊增地獄等說法。八寒八熱等大獄，各有眷屬，其類無數。此獄眾生，隨其作業輕重，經劫不定。罪重者，一日之中，數十次生死劫難。壽命不定，極長者可達一劫。
地獄趣的壽命怎麽這麽長？前文說了，大千世界談的是業，業相互熏染，可存活數十、百年，例如傳統（也是業）能流傳數千年。
There are eight cold great hells, eight hot great hells, and 108 temporary supplement hells. Eight cold and eight hot great hells, each has its own families and affiliations, categories are countless. The sentient beings in the prisons, depending on the severity of their karma makings, experience uncertain. Those who have committed serious crimes suffer dozens of death-and-alive disasters in one day. Their lifespans are uncertain, the extremely long one can reach a catastrophe.
Why do hell interests have such a long lifespan? As mentioned earlier, what the world is talking about is karma, and karma infects each other, can survive for tens or hundreds of years. For example, traditions (also karmas) can be passed down for thousands of years.

八寒地獄 Eight Cold Hells
（一）皰，寒苦觸身，如瘡皰故。
（二）皰裂，謂寒苦所逼，皰即拆裂也。
（三）阿吒吒，謂寒苦增極，舌作此聲也。
（四）阿波波，謂寒苦增極，唇作此聲也。
(1) Blister, cold bitter touches their bodies, like sores, hence the hell gets the name.
(2) Blister Cracking, that means that Blisters are forced by cold bitterness, the blisters burst immediately, hence the hell gets the name.
(3) Azhazha, it is said that due to the cold bitters, the tongue makes this sounds.
(4) Abobo, it is said that the cold bitters are increasing, the lips make this sounds.

（五）嘔喉，謂寒苦增極，喉作此聲也。
（六）青蓮花，謂寒逼皮肉開拆，色似此花也。
（七）紅蓮花，謂寒逼肉色大拆，似此花也。
（八）白蓮花，謂寒逼皮肉脫落，骨色似此花也。
(5) Ouhoho, it is said that the cold bitters are increasing to their extreme, the throat makes this sounds.
(6) Turquoise Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, skins crack and fleshes are exposed, the colors are like the flower.
(7) Red Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, fleshes are torn apart, just like this flower.
(8) White Lotus Flower, saying that being forced by coldness, skins and fleshes are falling off, the bones’ colors are like this flower.

八熱地獄 Eight Hot Hells
（一）等活，謂其中眾生，互相嗔忿，斫剌磨搗，死已複活，活已複死。
（二）黑繩，如世人以鋸解木，此獄獄卒以黑繩劈鋸罪犯，故此得名黑繩地獄。
（三）眾合，眾山四合，碎身成塵，故而得名。
（四）嚎叫，把罪犯置於大鑊中，沸湯烹煮，罪犯號啕叫喚，故而得名號叫地獄。
(1) Equal Alive, means that all living beings in it are angry with each other, being stabbed and tortured; the dead have been resurrected, and the living die again.
(2) Black Rope, like daily life people sawing wood by a saw, the jailers saw criminals with a black rope, so it is called the Black Rope Hell.
(3) Crowds Gathering, crowds of mountains are gathering toward those criminals, their bodies are squashed into dusts, hence the hell gets the name.

（五）大嚎叫，把獄犯放在熱鐵鏊中，受煎熬苦，獄犯急極切大叫，故名。
（六）炎熱，謂烈火猛焰，燒炙糜爛，故名。
（七）炙熱，謂置於火中，內外燒害，故名。
（八）無間地獄，謂受苦無有間歇也。無間有五義：一者趣果無間，謂有極重罪者，向此地獄接近，受其果報，無有間歇；二者受苦無間，謂在此獄，受諸痛苦，無有間歇；三者時無間，謂此獄中，眾生在一切時節都受苦，無有間歇；四者命無間，謂此地獄，生而複死，死已還生，無有間歇；五者形無間，謂此地獄，受罪眾生，生死往複，身形瞬變，無有間歇。
(4) Howling, the criminals are put in a big wok, are boiled together with the soup, those criminals are desperately howling, hence the hell get the name.
(5) Great Howling, the prisoners are put into the hot iron griddle, let them suffer being fried and boiled, those prisoners are desperately howling, hence the name.
(6) Flaming Hot, means that criminals are roasted by raging fire and fierce flames, whole bodies are eroding, hence the name.
(7) Red-Hot, means that those prisoners are put in fires, Internal and external all burns, hence the name.
(8) Non-intermission Hell means suffering without a break. Non-intermission has five significances. First significance is succeeding interest’s fruits are non-intermission, the saying is that those who have committed extremely serious crimes approach this hell and receive its retribution fruits without intermission. Secondly, in the hell, the receiving bitter is non-intermission. Thirdly, in the hell, prisoners are tortured all the time, non-intermission. Fourth, life is non-intermission. The saying is that in the hell, death after birth, birth after death repeatedly, non-intermission. Fifth is form non-intermission, means that in this hell, sentient beings are suffering birth and death continuously none stop, and their bodily forms transforms instantly, non-intermission.

13.1.2 畜生趣 Livestock Interest (Fig. 13.1.2-21)
畜生，性魯鈍，不能自立，隻能被畜養於人類（如插圖13.1.2-21，23，24），故得此名，如禽獸魚蟲等。作惡業愚癡多之眾生感生此道。在三惡道中，畜生趣亦作血途，謂畜生之類互相撕咬、吞食。作中品十惡者，感此道生。此處約境、約心、約事來辨別畜生趣。
（一）境中品者，如殺鬼畜，盜鬼畜物等。 
（二）心中品者，煩惱不輕，亦不極猛利等。
（三）事中品者，或作再三等。
以要言之，雜從見愛煩惱所發惡業，名為中品十惡，故是畜生因。愛的第一分（參見11.1 法的四分）是貪，愛煩惱泛指一切思惑（參見14.3《煩惱的數》中的81品思惑）。
Livestock, reckless dull in nature, unable to live on their own, can only be raised by humans (as shown in Illustration 13.1.2-21, 23, 24), hence the name, such as fowl, beast, fish, insect, etc. Sentient beings who have done ferocious karma and have many fools are inductively born on this path. Among the three evil paths, Livestock interest is path of blood, that is, livestock and the like bite and devour each other. The middle grade of ten ferocities give birth to this interest, here, associating with environment, with heart, and with affair to distinguish the livestock interest.
(1) The middle grade of ferocious environments, are such as killing ghost and livestock, stealing ghosts’ and livestock’s properties, etc.
(2) Middle grade of ferocious heart, has annoyances not light, nor is extremely fierce and sharp, etc.
(3) Middle grade of ferocious affair, or do it again, repeatedly, etc.
In brief, the evil karma randomly arising from the love vexation is called the ten ferocities of the middle grade and is therefore the cause of the livestock. The first juristic quadrant (see section 11.1 Juristic Quadrants) of love is greed, and the love annoyance generalizes to all the mean muddles (see section 14.3 for the significances of mean muddle).

畜生趣遍在諸處，兩足四足，多足無足，水陸空行，互相吞啖。此道有情多愚癡貪欲。種類至繁，無量無數，茲約數義以括之：
（一）就形言，有披毛戴角鱗甲等之別。
（二）就依處言，有水陸空行等之別。
（三）就陸地言，重者土內，中者山林，輕者人所畜養。
（四）就晝夜言，謂晝行、夜行、晝夜行者。
Livestock interests are everywhere, with two legs, four legs, multi legs and legless, moving on land in water and in air, devouring each other. Sentients in this path are foolish, ignorant, and greedy. The variety is extremely numerous, immeasurable, and innumerable, and the approximate categories are summarized here:
First, in terms of form, there are differences among wearing hairs, horns, and scale armors.
Second, in terms of reliant place, there are differences such as moving in water, on land, and in air, etc.
Third, in terms of land, the heavy one is in the soil, the middle one is in the mountains and forests, and the light one is raised by people.
Fourth, as far as day and night are concerned, they are called day walkers, night walkers, and day and night walkers.

（五）就強弱言，強者伏弱，飲血啖肉，互相吞啖，怖畏百端。
（六）就壽命言，壽限多無定限，其極長者，可達一劫。
（七）就勝劣言，雖屬旁生，由福德力，或為龍王、獅子王、金翅鳥王等。
（八）就生出言，有胎生、卵生、濕生、化生等。
（九）就趣報言， 此道遍於六道（即六趣）。
Fifth, as far as the strong and the weak are concerned, the strong conquers the weak, drinks blood and eats flesh, devours each other, horribly fearsome in many ways.
Sixth, as far as the lifespans are concerned, their lifespans are uncertain, and those who are extremely long have a catastrophe. 
Seventh, as far as superiority and inferiority are concerned, although they belong to side born creatures, due to fortunate virtuous power, they may be dragon kings, lion kings, golden eagle kings, etc. 
Eighth, as far as birth is concerned, there are womb birth, egg birth, wet birth, conversion birth, etc.
Ninth, as far as interest compensations are concerned, this path is pervasive in the six paths, which are hell path, livestock path, hungry ghost path, asura path, human path, and sky path.

13.1.3 餓鬼趣 Hungry Ghost Interest (Fig.13.1.3-20)
契經描述說，餓鬼趣人缺乏信心，所以總是饑餓難耐。他們發現了食物，吃的時候認為，此物可果腹；吃完了，他們又什麽都不信了，信心隻有舌頭那麽長。惡鬼總是居於草木荒蕪，饑荒瘟疫橫行的世界，天空中沒有希望。惡鬼的鬼字是說他們不會在光天化日之下做事，他們做生意正常人看不見。
餓鬼亦遍諸趣，有福德者，作諸處神；無福德者，居不淨處，常受饑餓，其苦無量。就出生而言，餓鬼有胎生、卵生、濕生、化生。惡鬼經劫無數，壽量亦不定，極長者可達人間的千歲。在三惡道中，惡鬼亦作刀途，是說他們常常攜槍持刀，常受刀箭逼迫，如圖13.1.3-20。用現代的話說，他們喜歡攜槍帶炮，所以常常被炸彈和自殺式無人機炸。
Harmony Sutras describe that hungry ghosts lack faith, so they are always hungry. When they discovered food and eat it, they believe it can ease their hunger; after eating, they believe nothing again. Their faith was only as long as their tongues. Hungry ghosts always live in a world where vegetation is barren, famine and plague are rampant, and there is no hope in the sky. The word ghost for hungry ghosts means that they do not do things in broad daylight, doing business is invisible to normal people.
Hungry ghosts are also present in all places. Those with merit are gods in various places; those without merit live in filthy places, where they are often hungry and suffer immeasurably. In terms of birth, hungry ghosts are born in the womb, in the egg, in the wet, and in the conversion. Hungry ghosts undergo countless disasters, and their lifespan varies, the longest ones can reach a thousand years of human even a catastrophe. Among the Three Ferocious Paths, the hungry ghost interest is Sword Path, which means that they often carry clubs and knives, therefore they are often arrowed upon, as shown in Fig. 13.1.3-20. In modern parlance, hungry ghosts like to carry guns and artillery, so they often get bombed and suicide drones.

 
插圖35表明惡鬼常常被譏笑、謾罵、和毆打，所以他們總是充滿怨恨和惱火。圖36表明由於貪嗔癡的增上作用，餓鬼生活在貧瘠的土地上，而且總是處於風暴、地震、瘟疫、通貨膨脹和戰爭之中。
Illustration 35 shows that hungry ghost is often ridiculed, abused, and beaten, so they are always full of resentment and annoyances. Illustration 36 shows that hungry ghosts live on barren land and are always amid tornados, earthquakes, pestilence, inflation, and wars due to the escalatory effects of greed irritability and ignorance.

圖40是歐洲人殖民美洲年代，一群西班牙餓鬼在搶劫墨西哥的富人。圖42是古墨西哥給西班牙的投降書（《Lienzo de Tlaxala》，約在公元1552年）；筆者盧岩將其核心（如圖41）翻譯如下：標題是《翠玉女戳破泥血歌利王的圈套》（如41-1所示）。餓鬼對翠玉女說： “你們現在已經沒有有能力作戰的男人了；你翠玉女作為眾生之母可以代表墨西哥向我們投降。告訴我，我們是怎樣征服你們的？” 圖42中大部分的圖畫表現的是大屠殺。翠玉女（即現在墨西哥國旗上的那隻鷹或鳳凰，是夏娃，是不可戰勝的）說： “（圖41-2）你們的青鬆石王子（即造物主，上帝）被毒品感染了，隻知道索取。（41-3）搶奪來的財物是你們的鐐銬，（41-4）你們是生活在這強盜所得的土地和房屋之中的囚徒。（41-5）你們給我們的 “意思食” （Mana，上帝賜予的食物，教法）讓我們生病，變得弱小而墮入地下。（41-6）你們束縛了我們的四肢，囚禁了我們的身體，（41-7）但我們的靈魂是自由的。我的傭女們瞧不起你們。”
Figure 40 shows a group of Spanish hungry ghosts looting wealthy Mexicans during the European colonization of the Americas. Figure 42 is the surrender of ancient Mexico to Spain (Lienzo de Tlaxala, circa 1552 C.E.); the author Adam Luyan translates its core (as in Figure 41) below: The title is "Chalchiuhtlicue Penetrates through the Trap of King Mud-blood Song-Profit" (as shown in 41-1). The Hungry Ghost said: "You have no men capable of fighting now; you, Chalchiuhtlicue, as Mother of All Livings can surrender to us on behalf of Mexico. Tell me, how did we conquer you?" Most of the drawings in Figure 42 show the massacres. Chalchiuhtlicue (that is the eagle or phoenix that is now on the Mexican flag, is Eve, is invincible) replied: "(Fig. 41-2 shows) Your Prince of Turquoise (i.e., Creator, God) is infected with opium poppy and only knows to fetch. (Fig. 41-3) The looted possessions are your shackles, (Fig. 41-4) You are prisoners living in the land and houses obtained by robbery. (41-5) The "mean food" (i.e., mana, God-given food, teachings) you give us makes us weak, sick, and fall into the underground. (41-6) You have bound our limbs and imprisoned our flesh bodies, (41-7) but our spirits are free. My maids despise you."

作下品十惡者，感此道生，可約境，約心，約事來辨別。
（一）境下品者，奪人天命，盜人天物等。
（二）心下品者，微小貪嗔等。
（三）事下品者，或偶一作，或旋知悔改等。
以要言之，但從任運煩惱所起惡業，名為下品十惡，故是餓鬼因。
Those who commit the Ten Lower Grade Ferocities can be identified by their environments, hearts, and affairs.
First, environments of the lower grade, taking the lives of human and sky, stealing assets from humans and skies, etc.
Second, hearts of the lower grade, with a little greed and irritability etc.
Thirdly, affairs of the lower grade, doing occasionally, or repenting of in a moment, and so on.
To summarize, the ferocious karmas arising from the randomly consequentially annoyances, are named as the ten lower ferocities, therefore, those are the causes of hungry ghosts.

惡鬼的種類繁多，大別有三種九類：
（壹）無財鬼，言無財者以不得飲食故，有三類：（一）炬口，謂於口中，常出猛焰；（二）針咽，頭腹如山，咽喉如針；（三）臭口，口如臭屍。
（貳）少財鬼，言少財者，以少得飲食故，有三類：（一）針毛，身毛如針，還自刺身，出血而食；（二）臭毛，身毛臭穢；（三）大癭，項中有癭，以手抉膿，還自食。
（叁）多財鬼，言多財者以多得飲食故，有三類：（一）得棄，常得棄食；（二）得失，常得遺失之食；（三）勢力，此複有三：（1）夜叉，亦作勇健暴惡貴人，有三種，在地，在天，在虛空；（2）羅刹，亦作可畏食人鬼；惡鬼之通名也；（3）啖精鬼，食人精氣之鬼也。
There are many kinds of hungry ghosts, roughly three categories nine types:
First, ghosts without wealth, who are said to be without wealth because they can not gain food and drink, are of three kinds: (1) torch mouth, which is said to be in the mouth, often emitting fierce flames; (2) needle throat, which is like a mountain in the head and abdomen, but like a needle in the throat; and (3) stinking mouth, which is like the mouth of a stinking corpse.
Second, less wealth ghosts, said less wealth, because they get less food and drink, there are three types: (a) needle hair, body hairs like needles, but also self-pricked body, bleeding, and they eat those; (b) stinking hairs, body hairs stinks foul; (c) big galls, galls in the neck, with the hand to choose the pus, and eat those.
Third, much wealth ghosts, said much wealth, because they get more food and drink, have three types: (1) to get abandoned, often get abandoned food; (2) to get lost, often get lost food; (3) the potential power, further divided into three types: (A) Valiant Ferocious Nobles, again three types of: On Land, In Air, and At Empty; (B) Rakshasa, is a common name for all hungry ghosts, is also known as the Fearful Man-eating Ghost; (C) munching sperm ghost, the type of ghosts particularly loves to suck and chew the essences of the human body.

13.1.4 修羅趣 Asura Interest (Fig. 13.1.4-19)
梵語阿修羅，即歐洲世界的泰坦，漢譯作非天、非類、不端正。據說每當阿修羅吃到最後一口時，嘴裏的食物總是變成泥巴。雖福報鄰天，卻無德享受，故曰非天。但從煩惱來說，尤甚於人，故在三善道中被列在人趣之下。修羅趣人好諍、好戰鬥，怕怖無極。（注，諍是好意勸諫義，是一切暴亂的起因。）
The Sanskrit word Asura, which is the Titan of the European world, is translated in Chinese as non-sky, non-category, and non-decency. It is said that whenever Asura eats the last bite, the food in his mouth always turns into mud. Although they are fortunate with the neighboring sky, they have no virtue to enjoy, so they are called non-sky. Only from the point of view of annoyance, especially inferior to human beings, so in the three benevolent paths, Asuras are classified as below the human interest. Asuras are good at expostulation and fight, extremely fearsome. (Annotation, expostulation means admonition, earnest and kindly protest; and is the cause of all riots.)

在因之時，懷猜忌心，雖能行善，為欲勝他。作下品十善，感此道生。辨別下品十善，亦約境、約心、約事說。
（一）對境增上，僅能於順境保護身口意行為。
（二）約心來說，悠悠緩緩，或夾雜貪、嗔、癡等煩惱。
（三）約事來說，偶爾為善，不廣大，不久積。
以要言之，雖能行十善戒，煩惱尚多，故是阿修羅趣的因。
At the time of the cause, with a suspicious jealous heart, although one is able to perform benevolences, but they desire to win over others. The ten benevolences of the lower grade led to the birth of this path. Identifying the lower ten benevolences is also to say from environment, heart, and affair.
First, escalation to environment, one can only protect bodily, oral, and intentional behaviors in the favorable situation.
Second, escalation to heart, leisurely and slowly, or mixed with greed, irritability, ignorance, etc. annoyances.
Thirdly, in terms of affairs, occasionally do benevolence, not extensive, and no accumulation for long term.
In summary, although one can practice the ten benevolent precepts, still has many annoyances, therefore, is the cause of Asura interest.

阿修羅種類頗難細列，茲以四類別之。
（一）畜修羅，從卵而生，畜生趣攝。
（二）鬼修羅，從濕氣有，鬼趣所攝。
（三）人修羅，從胎而出，人趣所攝。
（四）天修羅，從變化有，天趣所攝。
佛悉知是人，悉見也是人。佛教中所說的濕生是指富有而吝嗇的家庭成員，泥血。卵生是指王族的家庭成員，是從虱子卵出生的，穢血。化生是通過學習和修練，改變異生性（參見11.4.4.2 不相應行法）而形成的，如佛，菩薩，和道教中的真人等都是從修練的轉變而來。
It is difficult to list the types of Asuras in detail, so classify them into four categories.
(1) Livestock Asuras, are born from eggs, and are assimilated by Livestock Interests.
(2) Ghost Asuras, come from moisture, and are assimilated by hungry Ghost Interests.
(3) Human Asuras, are born from wombs, and are assimilated by human interests.
(4) Sky Asuras, come from transformations and conversions, and are assimilated by sky interests.
Buddha knows all that is human and sees all that is human. In Buddhism, Wet Born refers to the family members of the rich but stingy, mud blood. Egg Born refers to the royal family members, born from lice eggs, filthy blood. Conversion Birth is formed through learning and cultivation, changing mutant nature (see 11.4.4.2 Noncorresponding Migration Laws) to have. For example, Buddha, Bodhisattva, and Taoist real-human are all transformed through study and practice.

13.1.5 人趣 Human Interest (Fig. 13.1.5-18)
人，此說為意，因凡人所作，意圖和計劃在先。人趣，亦作人道，因為此類眾生在因之時能行五戒。五戒是：（一）不殺生，（二）不偷盜，（三）不邪淫，（四）不妄語，（五）不飲酒。人的生活是苦樂相間。作中品十善者，感此道生。下文略辨中品十善。
（一）約境說，唯於順境和不順不逆的環境中能守護身口意三業。
（二）約心說，善念淳熟，但未猛利。
（三）約事說，或數為小善，或偶為勝善。
以要言之，有施有戒，是人道因。
Human, here says intent because whatever a human does, intention or plan goes first. Human interest, also known as human path, because they could perform five precepts when they were on their causes. The five precepts are: 1. Do not kill, 2. Do not steal, 3. Do not engage in heretical sexual conduct, 4. Do not lie, and 5. Do not drink alcohol. Human life is a mixture of bitter and laugh. The ten benevolences of the middle grade led to rebirth of sentients in this path. The following is a brief identification of Ten Benevolences of the middle grade.
(1) Aggregating heart’s environments to say, human can protect bodily karma, oral karma, and intentional karma in enjoyable environment and in neither enjoyable nor adverse circumstances. 
(2) Aggregating heart to say, human being is with pure and matured good wills, but not bravely to do. 
(3) Aggregating affair to say, humans do small goods again and again, occasionally do great good. 
Generally, having donations and precepts, are reasons for the human path.
 
13.1.5-2 四大洲 Four Big Continents
人有四大洲、八中洲等分別。什麽是這裏說的洲？即大量的身土，即大量的塵刹土（參見14.1節），即大量的色塵、聲塵、香塵、味塵、觸塵、和法塵， 即許多感知或覺， 如插圖13.1.5所說的三千大千世界是由十億塵刹土構成的。下麵先說四大洲。
There are four great continents, eight medium continents, and other distinctions among human beings. What are the continents spoken of here? That is, a great deal of body-soils, that is, a great deal of dust-instant-soils (cf. section 14.1), that is, a great deal of color-dust, sound-dust, scent-dust, taste-dust, touch-dust, and juristic-dust, that is, a great deal of perceptions or sensations, as in Illustration 13.1.5, which says that the Great Grand Worlds are made up of a billion dust-instant-soils. Let’s talk about the four big continents first.

 
一）東勝身洲，勝身是說此法於一切法中最為勝者。勝身洲在須彌顱山東，其土東狹西廣，形如半月，縱廣六千由旬。由旬是梵語Yojana，是脖子上掛著金剛鈴的牛的一天的行程。其土中央有一大樹名梭羅，高及覆蓋二十七由旬。人麵亦如半月之形，身長三肘半，衣廣中七肘，上下三肘半。壽二百歲，多有夭亡。注13.1.5-1，衣，如九結，五蓋，八纏，參見14.2節。
1. East Victorious Body Continent, Victorious Body is saying that their bodily form is the most victorious among all laws. Victorious Body Continent is located on the eastern side of Mount Sumeru. Its landform east narrow west wide, like a crescent, length and breadth are 6,000 yojanas. Yojana is a Sanskrit distance unit, is one day walking distance by a cow with a Philosopher-Stone bell under neck. There is a great tree, name Sal Fasullo, in its center; its height and covers up 27 yojanas. The human face is also in the shape of a half moon, body height is 3.5 cubits, clothes’ length and breadth are 7 cubits to their center, 3.5 cubits above and 3.5 cubits below. The life expectancy of a human being is 200 years, with many premature deaths. Annotation 1, clothes, such as 9 ties, 5 covers, 8 coils, see section 14.2.

二）北俱顱洲，亦作勝處、高上。勝處是說，此洲人果報甚勝，勝其它三洲。高上是說此洲人壽定滿千歲，死後必然升於三十三天（見插圖13.1.5-14），化樂天（如圖-10）等處。俱顱洲在須彌顱山北，其土正方，猶如池沼，縱廣八千由旬。洲中有一大樹，名阿摩羅，其樹根入地下九由旬，樹冠高達十八由旬，枝葉覆蓋二十五由旬。有一樹林名男人；有一樹林名女人。北洲人麵像其地形。身長七肘，衣廣中十四肘，上下七肘。人壽一千歲；命無中夭。
2. North Skull Occupant Continent, alias Victorious Place, Going Up, Victorious Place means that people in the continent receive victorious recompense fruits, which are more victorious than other three continents. Going Up is saying that people in this continent can live 1,000 years, and they rise to Thirty-Three skies (see fig 13.1.5-14), Conversion-Laugh sky (see fig. -10), etc. after death. Skull Occupant Continent is in the north of Mount Sumer-head, and form is a square, like a swamp, 8,000 yojanas in length and breadth. Middle of the continent, there is a big tree named Immaculateness. Its roots penetrate the ground for nine yojanas, its crown reaches 9 yojanas, and its branches and leaves cover 25 yojanas. There is a forest named man, and a forest named woman. The human face of north continent resembles its topography, their body height is 7 cubits, clothes’ length and breadth are 14 cubits to their center, 7 cubits above and 7 cubits below. The life expectancy of a human being is 1,000 years without premature death.

三）西牛惑洲，因洲中央有一一由旬高的大石牛而得名。牛惑洲在須彌顱山西，其土形如滿月，縱廣七千由旬。此洲多牛羊，亦多珠玉。人麵亦如滿月，身長三肘半，衣廣中七肘，上下三肘半。壽三百歲，多有夭亡。
3. West Cow-Muddle Continent, named after a yojana-high stone cow in the center of the continent. Cow-Muddles Continent is in the west of Mount Sumeru. Its soil shapes like a full moon, and its length and breadth are 7,000 yojanas. There are many cattle and sheep on this continent, as well as pearls and jade. The human face is also like the full moon, and body height is 3.5 cubits, clothes’ length and breadth are 7 cubits to its center, 3.5 cubits above and 3.5 cubits below. Life expectancy is 300 years, with many premature deaths.

四）南瞻部洲，此洲多樹，從洲中央的一棵嚴父樹而得名。其樹根入地下九由旬，樹冠高十八由旬，枝葉覆蓋二十五由旬。樹下多金，人稱嚴父金。瞻部洲在須彌山南，其土梯形，北廣南狹，縱廣六千由旬。人麵亦像其地形；身長三肘半，衣廣中七肘，上下三肘半。壽量不定，增劫時壽可達二百五十歲，減劫時壽不滿十歲，壽最長可至無量。南洲人根性猛力，易升易墮。
4. South Admiring-Subordinates Continent, the continent has many trees, named after a Strict-Father tree in center of the continent. Its roots penetrate the ground for nine yojanas, its crown is 18 yojanas high, and its branches and leaves cover 25 yojanas. There is a lot of gold under the tree, known as Strict-Father gold. Admiring-Subordinates Continent is in the south of Mount Sumer-head. Its soil is trapezoidal, wide in the north and narrow in the south, and 6,000 yojanas in length and breadth. The human face also resembles its topography; body height is 3.5 cubits. Clothes’ length and breadth are 7 cubits to its center, 3.5 cubits above and 3.5 cubits below. The amount of lifespan is uncertain. In increasing catastrophe, their life span can reach 250 years; but in decreasing catastrophe, their life span is less than 10 years. The longest life span can be infinite. People’s root nature in Admiring-Subordinates Continent are brave and sharp, easy to rise and fall.

插圖13.1.5-18代表著人的 “八中洲”，亦作 “八大金剛”，“人樣兒”， “忍渡”（參見17.3-9至-18節），是墨西哥（約公元1325年）畫的。他是用自己的腸子來表現忍渡的。他的腸子有什麽特別的？墨西哥和本文的須彌顱山一樣，也是一位金童，亞當，特拉洛克，釋迦摩尼佛，大黑天（即世界末日判官），眾生之父。插圖-1至-22就是他大審判的結果，也述說了他成佛的心路。
Illustration 13.1.5-18 represents the "eight middle continents" of a human, also known as “Eight Philosopher-Stone Giants”, "human’s appearance" and "Countenance Ark" (cf. sections 17.3-9 to -18), was painted by Mexico (c. C.E. 1325). He was using his own intestines to represent the Countenance Ark. What is so special about his intestines? Mexico is same with Mount Sumeru of this article, is a Gold Boy, Adam, Tlaloc, Shakyamuni Buddha, Great Black Sky (i.e., the judger of the doomsday), and the father of all beings. Illustrations -1 to -22 are the results of his great trial and describe his psychological journey to becoming a Buddha.

插圖-11顯示：翠玉女的臉被舍利王用作餌掛在了魚鉤上；旁邊笑眯眯的，不咬鉤的半月臉就代表墨西哥。那最後舍利王釣到墨西哥了嗎？圖-18，墨西哥的腸子顯示，他吃了翠玉女，消化不了，又吐不出來，因為翠玉女（玉女，夏娃）是女神，無形，沒肉，卻充滿了尖銳的碎片，把他的腸子攪爛了。所以墨西哥向舍利王投降了，娶了他的女兒翠玉女，繼承了舍利王的王位，改朝換代，開創了墨西哥帝國。墨西哥和翠玉女就成為了墨西哥人的始祖。插圖23是墨西哥抱著他和翠玉女所生的兒子。插圖24是墨西哥正在設計圖-1至-22，這根生命之樹的樹幹。
Illustration-11 shows that the face of Chalchiuhtlicue was used as bait on the hook by King Huitzilopochtli; the smiling crescent face next to it, which does not bite the hook, represents Mexico. So, did Huitzilopochtli catch Mexico in the end? Figure-18, Mexico's intestines show that he ate Chalchiuhtlicue (Jade Girl, Eve), couldn't digest her, and couldn't spit her out because she is a goddess, formless, fleshless, but full of sharp debris that churned up his intestines. So, Mexico surrendered, married Chalchiuhtlicue, inherited the throne of Huitzilopochtli, changed the dynasty, and started Mexican Empire. Mount Mexico and Chalchiuhtlicue then became primogenitor of Mexicans. Illustration 23 shows Mexico holding the son born to him and Chalchiuhtlicue. Illustration 24 shows Mexico designing Figures-1 through -22, the trunk of the Tree of Life.

13.1.5-3 性生活 Sexual Life
至於婚姻嫁娶和性愛之事，地獄眾生都很忙，少有做愛的興致，婚嫁亦少。餓鬼，畜生，阿修羅，東勝身洲，西牛惑洲和南瞻部洲的眾生，婚姻和性愛都如人世。
北俱顱洲人無我及我所，沒有守護者（注，即自我防衛心）；男女若此情彼願，便相隨至合歡樹下。若彼男女非父女，母子，兄妹等，合歡樹便生出床鋪，垂下枝葉。彼之男女歡娛受樂，隨意所作，事後分離，各奔前程。其女若孕，七日即便產生；安置嬰兒於四衢道中，捨之而去。彼處四方路人，為欲養育彼嬰兒故，各將手指置於彼嬰兒口中。彼等指頭既出甘乳。如是七日，彼嬰兒長成彼一種身量。若是男子，即隨男伴；若女便與女伴相逐而去。由是因緣，俱顱洲人沒有婚嫁。
As for marriages and sex matters, hell beings are very busy and have little interest in sex and marriages. Hungry Ghosts, Livestock, Asuras, people in east Victorious Body Continent, in west Cow-Muddle Continent, and in south Admiring-Subordinates Continent, all the sentient beings’ marriage and sex are just like the human world.
People in North Skull Occupant Continent have no ego and belongings, no guardian (annotation, that is, heart of self-defences); if men and women love each other, they will follow each other under the Combine-Happiness tree. If the man and woman are not father and daughter, mother and son, brother, and sister, etc., the Combine-Happiness tree will produce beds and hang down its branches and leaves. The men and women have fun, do whatever they want, and then separate and go their separate ways. If the woman is pregnant, she gives birth within seven days, place the baby in the road crossing, and leave it. Passers-by in all directions put their fingers in the mouth of the baby to raise the baby. Their fingers have produced honeydew. After seven days, that baby grows into that stature. If it is a man, it will follow the male companion; if it is a woman, it will chase away with the female companion. Because of the reason and aggregative factors, people in Skull-Occupant Continent have no marriage.

六欲天中，婚喪嫁娶亦如人世，但彼處眾生注重意樂，多有擁抱，執手，瞬目等性行為，性器官的接觸較人世少。色界（如插圖-5至-8所示）和無色界（如圖-4至-1）的眾生，沒有味觸，香觸和身觸的情感，所以他們沒有男女性方麵的差別，當然就沒有性行為和婚嫁之事。
In the Six Desire-Skies, weddings and funerals are just like the human world, but those sentients stress intentional laughs, there are more sexual behaviors such as hugging, holding hands, admiringly looking at each other, etc., and the contact with sexual organs is less than that in the human world. Sentient beings in Color Boundary (see figs. -5 to -8), and Colorless Boundary (see figs. -4 to -1) have no feelings of smell taste and bodily touch, so they don’t differ male and female, certainly they don’t have sextual conducts and marriage.

13.1.6 欲天趣 Desire Sky Interest (Fig. 13.1.6.0-17 to 9)
欲天趣包括六位天，分別是四王天、三十三天、時分天、知足天、化樂天、他化天。佛教以無意識的純淨部分為天，天是清淨義，深奧知識義；以無意識的汙染部分為地，以煩惱為地。若論福德，六欲天與諸天為一趣，而飲食、男女、睡眠三事，則與前五趣相同。故論六趣，則六欲天為天趣；論三界，則屬欲界。
Desire Sky Interest includes six skies, namely, four-king skies, thirty-three skies, hour minute sky, contentment sky, converted laugh sky, and other convert sky. Buddhism regards the immaculate part of unconsciousness as sky, which means quiet and profound knowledge; and regards the maculate part of unconsciousness as earth, regards annoyances as earth. In the aspect of fortune and virtue, the six desire skies are the same one interest with those skies, while on the three affairs of food sex and sleep, then they are same with the preceding five interests. Therefore, in terms of six interests, the six desire skies belong to sky interest; in terms of three boundaries, they belong to desire boundary. 

此約境、心、和事來辨別欲天趣。
（一）對心境增上方麵，普於順境、逆境和不順不逆境中守護身、口、意三業。
（二）從心的方麵來說，做善事，淳至猛利。
（三）從事而言，常作善事，但不甚廣大，不甚久遠。
以要言之，雖屬十善道業，猶屬散善，故為欲天趣因。
Here aggregates environment heart and affair to identify the desire sky interest.
First, in respect of escalation to environment, generally one can protect bodily karma, oral karma, and intentional karma in enjoyable, adverse, and neither enjoyable nor adverse environment.
Second, in the respect of heart, one can do benevolences purely, vigorously.
Third, in the respect of affair, always doing benevolent affairs, but not very vastly and not very long.
Generally, even though those deeds belong to ten benevolent path karmas, still belong to scattered benevolences, and are therefore the cause of desire sky interest.

13.1.6.0 中土之門 Juristic Door to Middle Earth (fig. 13.1.6.0-17, 16, 15)
插圖13.1.6.0-33是佛教的中土，是在須彌顱山或羅漢山之中。須彌顱山是須彌顱的頭，即釋迦摩尼的頭顱；山是尊稱，表明此頭貴重。羅漢即羅漢果，參見15.2.6節。古墨西哥文化中對中土的說法與佛教相同，中土位於墨西哥山，即特拉洛克的頭顱之中，如圖45、44、43、42、39、和36。古墨西哥中土的象形文字是插圖37，即是四羅漢果中的前三果。
Illustration 13.1.6.0-33 is the Buddhist Middle earth, which is amid Mount Sumeru or Mount Ararat. Mount Sumeru is the head of Sumeru, i.e., the head of Shakyamuni. Mountain is an honorific term indicating the value of this head. Mount Ararat is fame for the fourth fruit sage (see section 15.2.6). Ancient Mexican culture spoke of Middle Earth in the same way as Buddhism. Middle Earth is in the Mount Mexico which is the head of Mexico (a Tlaloc), as shown in Figs. 45, 44, 43, 42, 39, and 36. Hieroglyphics for Middle Earth in ancient Mexico are illustrated in Illustration 37; the three prickly pears represent the first three of the four shamanic fruits.

阻礙塵世人重返中土的是天門山，如圖16所示的兩座正在噴發的火山。天門山的本質是受蘊和想蘊（參見11.4.2節）。受蘊是所取，想蘊是能取；隨著生活，人就積累了這兩座山一樣的取習氣，從而日夜操勞，不得休息。古人用人中（如圖40所示）的運動來代表人的身體、語言、和意識的活動，所以是兩座天門山生長的根源，故名山根（如圖17所示）。而身口意的活動是祖宗進出宗廟的門，故名祖竅（如圖17和35所示）。
What prevents mundane people from returning to Middle Earth are the Sky Door Mountains, the two erupting volcanoes shown in Figure 16. The nature of the Sky Door Mountains is the acceptance node and think node (see Section 11.4.2). The acceptance node is the being fetched, and the think node is the capable to fetch. Along lives, one accumulates these two mountain-like habits of fetch, thus working day and night without rest. The ancients used the movement of the “human middle” (shown in Fig. 40) to represent the activities of the human body, speech, and intention, and so is the root for which the two Sky Door Mountains grow, hence the name Mountain Root (shown in Fig. 17). And the activities of the body, speech, and intent are the doors through which the ancestors enter and exit the ancestral temple, hence the name Ancestral Cave (as shown in Fig. 17, and 35).

解脫就是移除天門山。首先要斬斷山根，使天門山不能生長；把祖竅鎖起來（如圖41），使天門山生長緩慢，或萎縮。那麽怎樣謹守根門（如圖35所示），把根門鎖起來？答：遵守十善戒（如本章開篇所述）。十戒中，前三戒是身戒，中間四戒是口戒，最後三戒是意戒。斬斷山根，把祖竅鎖起來就是要謹守十善戒。十善戒又作十善道。
Liberation is the removal of the two Sky Door Mountains. The first step is to cut the roots of the mountains so that Sky Door Mountains can not grow; to lock up the Ancestral Cave (as shown in Figure 41) so that Sky Door Mountain grows slowly or shrinks. Then how to guard the root door (as shown in Figure 35) carefully and lock it up? Answer: Observe the Ten Benevolent Precepts (as described at the beginning of this chapter). Of the Ten Benevolent Precepts, the first three are body precepts, the middle four are mouth precepts, and the last three are intent precepts. To cut off the roots of the sky door mountains and lock up the ancestral cave is to observe the Ten Benevolent Precepts, which are also known as the Ten Benevolent Paths.

插圖15，四王天的牌坊上畫著上天所需的四件法寶。從左向右，第一件法寶是個螺，代表著本書第18章的翠玉女（相當於佛教中的觀音菩薩，和歐洲文化中的夏娃）。第二件法寶是粒種子，是奧林心，相當於我們佛教中的菩提心，參見第16章的開篇部分。第三件法寶是個燧火石，代表左翼蜂鳥，代表上帝。第四件法寶是根線，那是青鬆石王子（即左翼蜂鳥）用自己的女兒翠玉女為餌來釣墨西哥（亦作特拉洛克，是位金童）的魚線。圖11中魚鉤上的餌是翠玉女的臉；笑眯眯的，不咬鉤的半月臉是墨西哥（亦作特拉洛克）。那根魚線的本質就是15.4節《墨西哥法典》的主題線索。懂得了這四件法寶，就獲得了這四件法寶，人的一切見惑（參見14.3節）就被消滅了，就獲得了有餘依涅槃（參見15.1節） ，成為圖13的竹馬天（梵語補特伽羅，義為習氣疙瘩），也就是到了中土了。
In Illustration 15, the Four Kings Sky plaque depicts the four juristic treasures needed to get to skies. From left to right, the first juristic treasure is a conch, representing Chalchiuhtlicue (equivalent to Guanyin in Buddhism, and Eve in European cultures) in Chapter 18 of this book. The second juristic treasure is a seed, Ollin Heart, the equivalent of our Buddhist Bodhi-heart, see the opening section of Chapter 16. The third juristic treasure is a flint, representing Huitzilopochtli, representing God. The fourth juristic treasure is a thread, that is the fishing line that Huitzilopochtli used his daughter Chalchiuhtlicue as bait to catch Mexico (a.k.a. Tlaloc; is an Adam). The bait on the hook in Figure 11 is the face of Chalchiuhtlicue; the smiling, crescent face that does not bite is Mexico. The nature of that fishing line is the thematic thread of section 15.4, Mexican Codex. Understanding these four juristic treasures, one gains these four juristic treasures, all View Muddles (cf. section 14.3) are annihilated; therefore, one acquires Reliant Nirvana (cf. section 15.1), becomes a Hobbyhorse (Sanskrit Pudgala, means a habitual aggregate) of Fig. 13, that is, arrives in the Middle Earth.

13.1.6-1 四王天 Four-King Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-15)
四王天（參見插圖13.1.6.0-15）即護世四大天王和他們的眷屬。東方持國天王，紅色，統領淨業眾，主宰東勝身洲。北方多聞天王，黑色，統領所知眾，主宰北俱顱洲。西方的廣目天王，白色，統領龍鳳眾，主宰西牛惑洲。南方增長天王，藍色，統領煩惱眾，主宰南方的瞻部洲。
四王天皆是上品十善所感，或是不殺戒增上功德所感，或是一日一夜齋戒之力所感。身長250肘。衣廣中500肘，上下各250肘，重4根羽毛。此天的壽命一千歲，然亦有中夭者。死時五衰相現，甚大苦惱。性生活如人世。
The Four Kings Skies (see fig. 13.1.6.0-15) are mundane world protectors and their dependents. Eastern King namely Nation-Holder, red in color, leads karmic crowds, rules over the eastern Victorious Body Continent. Northern King namely Heard-More, black in color, leads crowds of knows, rules over the northern Skull-Occupant continent. Western King namely Broad-Eye, white in color, leads crowds of dragons and phoenixes, rules over western Cow-Muddle continent. Southern King namely Growth, blue in color, leads crowds of annoyances and nightmares, rules over southern Admiring-Subordinates continent.
The four-king skies are all the result of the ten benevolences of the upper grade, or due to escalatory fortune and virtue of not killing, or due to the power of the one-day and one-night fasts. Their body length is 250 cubits, the clothes are 500 cubits wide to the middle and 250 cubits at the top and bottom, weighs 4 feathers. The lifespan of the skies is 1,000 years, but there are also those who die young. When they die, five types of deteriorating phenomena manifest, a great deal of annoyances. Sexual life is like the human world.

13.1.6-2 三十三天 Thirty-Three Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-14)
三十三天，梵語忉利，由此天有三十三天故，亦是上品十善所感，或是不殺不盜兩戒增上功德所感，或是一日一夜齋力所感。身長，除帝釋天身長一千肘外，此諸天身長六百肘。衣廣中一千二百肘，上下各六百肘，重2根羽毛。此諸天以擁抱為陰陽之事。壽兩千歲，亦有中夭並五衰相，與前天同，後諸欲天亦皆準知。
Thirty-Three Sky, Sanskrit Tāvati?sa, because the sky has 33 skies, is also results of the ten benevolences of the upper grade, or do not kill and do not steal the two precepts’ escalatory fortune and virtue or inspired by a day and a night of fasting power. In terms of body length, except for Seth who is 1000 cubits high, the other skies are 600 cubits. Cloths are 1,200 cubits around to center, 600 cubits above and below, and weighs 2 feathers. These skies regard hugging as sexual affairs. With a lifespan of 2,000 years, but there are also premature deaths; and when they die, showing five signs of deteriorations. Those are the same as in the previous sky, and all the later desire-skies can be known in this way.

三十三天的中央是善法堂天，帝釋天王所居；其東西南北四方各有八天。帝釋全名帝釋恒因（如插圖13.1.6-14），中國佛教稱其為轉移身見（參見11.4.4.1.4.1節），梵語薩迦耶，聖經中稱其為塞斯，古德語愛色（Æsir），墨西哥納瓦特語教稱其為提拉考安，義為我們都是它的奴隸。又，善法堂天上另有一天名作竹馬，梵語為補特伽羅，義為習氣疙瘩。
The center of the 33 skies is the “benevolent juristic hall sky”, where Imperial King Seth resides; there are eight heavens in each of the four directions, east, north, west, and south. Seth's full name is “Seth, the eternal reason”, which is known in Chinese Buddhism as “translocation body view” (see section 11.4.4.1.4.1), in Sanskrit as Satkaya, and in Mexican Nahuatl as Titlacauan, which means that we are all its slaves. And above the Benevolent Juristic Hall Sky, there is another sky called Hobbyhorse, which is the Sanskrit word Pudgala for habitual aggregate.

13.1.6-3 時分天 Hour Minute Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-12)
梵語夜摩，華言時分天，謂此天及以上，但以蓮花開合而分晝夜。據說，昔日帝釋天與阿修羅戰爭時，欲與時分天結盟，被拒絕了，故時分天得號無諍。時分諸天是上品十善，兼學坐禪所感，或是不殺、不盜、不邪淫、三戒增上功德所感，或亦八戒、十戒等功德所感。身長七百二十肘。衣廣中一千四百四十肘，重一根羽毛（如插圖12所示）。壽三千歲，以身相近為陰陽。
The Sanskrit word Yama, Chinese calls Hour-Minute Sky, it is saying that this sky and above day and night are divided by the opening and closing of the lotus flower. It is said that in the past, when Seth was at war with the Asura, wanted to make an alliance with the Hour-Minute Sky, but was refused, so the Hour-Minute Sky was given the fame of non-expostulation. The Hour-Minute skies are the results of the ten benevolences of the upper grade and the study of meditation, or inspired by the fortune and virtue of three precepts, not killing, not stealing, and not committing heretical sex, or induced by the fortune and virtue of eight precepts, ten precepts, etc. Their body length is 720 cubits. The clothes are 1,440 cubits from the outer edge to the center and weigh one feather (as shown in Illustration 13.1.6-3). Their life span is 3,000 years; regard going-close as sexual affairs.

 
插圖13.1.6-3 源自埃及，是在測量人心的重量是否具有升天的資格。此處的人心指的是思想意識，所以他們是在稱量“心衣”的重量。心衣的概念參見14.2節。
Illustration 13.1.6-3 is from Egypt and is measuring the weight of the human heart to see if it is qualified to ascend to above sky. The human heart in this case refers to the mind, so they are weighing the "cloths of heart". See section 14.2 for the concept of the heart cloths.

13.1.6-4 知足天 Contentment Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-11)
知足（如插圖13.1.6.0-11），謂於色聲香味觸五欲境知止足，亦名如意。此天乃精修十善，兼得細住所感，或是身三口四七支戒品（參見13.1節）增上功德所感，或亦八戒、十戒等力所感。身長一千肘；衣重半根羽毛；壽六千歲；以執手為陰陽。又此天中別有一內院，住著一位一生補處大士（注，即玉女、觀音菩薩、夏娃）。契經雲：乃至劫壞，三災不及也；菩薩修行十善，樂習禪觀，當發心親近補處大士，乃得上生。
Contentment (fig. 13.1.6.0-11) means knowing satisfaction and stop on five desires (i.e., desires of color, sound, smell, taste, and touch), also known as As-Wish. This sky is the result of cultivation of the ten benevolences of the upper grade and practicing the delicate dwell of meditation, or induced by the fortune and virtue of three body percepts and four oral precepts (cf. section 13.1), or inspired by eight precepts, ten precepts, etc. Body length is 1,000 cubits; clothes weigh half a feather; lifespan is 6,000 years; holding hands is sexual affair between man and woman. Also, there is an inner courtyard in this sky, and there lives a “One Life Amendment Place Great Warrior” (annotation, i.e., Jade Woman, Guanyin Bodhisattva, Eve). The Harmony Sutra says, “up to catastrophe end, water disaster fire disaster and wind disaster can not reach her. Bodhisattvas or whoever practice the ten benevolences and are willing to practice meditation, should arouse heart to get close to the “Amendment Place Great Warrior”, so that he or she can ascend. 

13.1.6-5 自化天 Self-Converted Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-10)
自化自在天，由此諸天自化五塵娛樂而得名，乃是上品十善兼成欲界中定所感。身長一千三百肘，衣重四分之一根羽毛，壽七千歲，以相互熟視為陰陽。注13.1.6-5，如插圖13.1.6-10所示，這是一個顛倒的世界觀。那麽，為什麽古人還給予他們這麽高的評價？答：這是覺悟曆程中的一個重要階段。而且此天以下眾生的世界觀都是顛倒的。
注13.1.6-5，如插圖13.1.6-10所示，這是一個顛倒的世界觀。那麽，為什麽古人還給予他們這麽高的評價？答：這是覺悟曆程中的一個重要階段。而且此天以下眾生的世界觀都是顛倒的。
Self-Converted Self-Sufficient Sky, the skies entertain themselves by their own converted five dusts (i.e., color dust, sound dust, fragrance dust, taste dust, and touch dust), hence the name. they are results of the ten benevolences of the upper grade and stillness achievement (cf. section 12.1) of Desire Boundary. Body length is 1,300 cubits, clothes weigh a quarter of a feather, lifespan is 7,000 years, appreciably watching each other is sex between man and woman.
Annotation 13.1.6-5, as shown in illustration 13.1.6-10, this is an upside-down worldview. So, why did the ancients still rate them this highly? Answer: This is an important stage in the process of enlightenment. And the worldviews of all sentient beings below this sky are upside down.

13.1.6-6 他化天 It Converted Sky (Fig. 13.1.6.0-9)
他化自在天，謂此天假借他人所化的五塵而成己樂，乃上品十善兼成未到地定所感。此天身長一千八百肘，衣重八分之一根羽毛，壽八千歲。又，他化天上別有一魔身天（如插圖13.1.6-6），他化天攝，身長兩千肘，壽九千歲。
插圖13.1.6.6-23至32都是魔身天的圖畫。圖25表示《桃花劫》（參見2.1節）中常公（金童）和桃花女（玉女）裸體結婚的場景。
“Other-Converted Self-Sufficient Sky” is saying that these skies entertain themselves by other converted five dusts. They are results of the ten benevolences of the upper grade and the attainment of Nonarrival Stillness (cf. section 12.1). Body length is 1,800 cubits, cloths weigh one-eighth of a feather, and lifespan is 8,000 years. Furthermore, above the It-Converted Sky, there is a “Demonic Body Sky” (see illustration 13.1.6-6). They are assimilated by the It-Converted Sky. Their body length is 2,000 cubits, lifespan is 9,000 years.
Illustrations 13.1.6.6-23 to 32 are all pictures of the “demon body sky”. Illustration 25 shows the scene of Constant Fair (Gold Boy) and Peach Flower Girl (Jade Girl) getting married naked in "Peach Flower Catastrophe" (see Section 2.1).

 
圖 26中的豬代表上帝安拉造的須彌顱（亞當，參見4.4節），女人是安拉的女兒苦芭芭（夏娃）。
圖27中的鹿代表上帝宙斯造的七色鹿佛阿波羅（金童），女的是宙斯的女兒雅典娜（玉女，參見15.2節）。
圖28中的山羊是上帝雷音造的德意誌（睚眥，亞當，參見15.3節），女的是雷音的女兒磨牙（夏娃）。
圖29和30是上帝左翼蜂鳥造的墨西哥（金童，特拉洛克，參見15.4節）和翠玉女（玉女）。
The pig in Illustration 26 represents Sumeru (Adam, see Section 4.4) created by God Allah, and the woman is Allah's daughter Kubaba (Eve).
The deer in Illustration 27 represents the “seven-color deer Buddha” Apollo (Gold Boy) created by God Zeus, and the woman is Zeus's daughter Athena (Jade Girl, see Section 15.2).
The goat in Illustration 28 is Germany (Tanngnjóstr, Adam, see Section 15.3) created by God Thor, and the woman is Thor's daughter Tanngnjóstr (Eve).
Illustrations 29 and 30 are Mexico (Gold Boy, Tlaloc, see Chapter 18) and Chalchiuhtlicue (Jade Girl) created by God Huitzilopochtli.

13.2 色界 Color Boundary (Fig. 13.2-8 to 5)
前文談了欲界的眾生，都有色欲、聲欲、香欲、味欲、觸欲，此五欲如飲食、性交、和睡眠等。色界眾生皆依禪定而住，無諸欲塵，唯有淨妙的色身，身衣隨意，衣重忽略不計，無複男女，但以禪定法喜為食。欲界總為五趣雜居地（如圖13.2-23），亦作穢土；由散業所招感，故又名散地。色界和無色界由不動的定業所招感，所以又名定地。色是變礙義（參見11.4.1節《色蘊》）。色界有四地十八天。
As mentioned earlier, all sentient beings in the desire boundary have the desires for color, sound, fragrance, taste, and touch, which are such as eating and drinking, sexual intercourse, and sleep. Sentient beings of color boundary rely on meditative stillness to live, free of all desire-dusts, with only immaculate wonderful color body, clothes as wish, clothing weight is negligible, without male or female, only feeding on the juristic delights of meditative stillness. The Desire Boundary in whole is “five interests mixed dwell land” (see fig. 13.2-23), also known as Filthy Land, aka. Land of Dispersion because it is induced by dispersed karma. The color boundary and the colorless boundary are caused by immovable karma, therefore are also called Still Land. Color is the meaning of change and obstruction (see Section 11.4.1 Color Node). There are four lands and eighteen skies in the color boundary.

13.2.1 神身天 Godly Body Sky (fig. 13.2-8)
離生喜樂地是色界第一地，是初禪地（如圖13.2-24，參見12.2節），謂此諸天已離欲界諸惡欲之法，得覺觀禪定，身心凝靜，而生喜樂。此地有三天，神眾天、神輔天、和神身天。
（一）神眾天，超六欲天，遠離飲食、淫欲、睡眠三種過患，故名為神。天者清淨離染之謂。通而言之，四禪（參見12.2節）諸天皆名天神，皆清淨故。眾者民也，謂此諸天是大神天主的民眾。蓋以欲界習定，創得初禪，禪力未深，故命終後，生為神民，內有覺觀心，外感火災所壞。火是個大種（參見11.2節）；火災所壞義為無意識（古作神識）隨時會調整自己，他們隨時會變回到普通人。這用古人的說法就是：他們又墮落到了人間。神眾諸天身長半由旬，壽二十小劫。由旬是一個佛教中的長度單位，是脖子底下掛著個金剛鈴的牛的一天的行程。
The “Leave Producing Delight and Laugh Land” is the first land of the Color Boundary, is land of first meditation (see fig. 13.2-24, cf. section 12.2), which means that these skies are free from all the ferocious-desire laws of the Desire Boundary, and have attained perceptions and views of meditative stillness, therefore delights and laughs are born. The land has three skies, namely Godly Crowds Sky, Godly Assistants Sky, and Godly Body Sky.
First, Godly Crowds Skies, they have transcended the six Desire Skies, leaving afar drink and food, sexual desire, and sleep, the three kinds of annoyances, hence name of sky gods. Sky means immaculate, leaving contaminations afar; generally speaking, four meditation skies all are called gods, because they are all immaculate. Crowds means citizens, saying that they are citizens of the Lord of Great God Sky. They practiced meditation, created first meditation, meditative power is not deep yet, therefore, after the end of their lives, are born as godly citizens. They have perceptions and views inside, outside feel fire disasters would destruct them. Fire is a big seed (cf. section 11.2); the meaning of what fire destroys is that the unconscious (ancient as God-sense) adjusts itself at any time, and they change back to ordinary people at any time. This is said, in the words of the ancients, that they have fallen back to earth. Their average body length is half a yojana; life-expectancy is 20 small-catastrophes. Yojana is a Buddhist unit of length, the day's journey of a cow with a philosopher-stone bell under its neck.

（二）神輔天，輔者佐也，謂此天是大神天主之輔佐臣僚。蓋以在欲界中，既得初禪，數數修習，禪力漸深，故命終已，得為神臣，身長一由旬，壽四十小劫。
（三）神身天（1），亦作屍棄（2），大神天 （3），造書天（4），四麵佛（5），謂一塵刹土世界（6）之主。此有情在欲界中，數習初禪，次複訶厭覺觀，舍棄初禪，入中間禪；已離覺染，未離觀染，得名無覺唯觀三昧（7）。於中求作天王，兼修四無量心（8），故感生此天。大神天在劫初生，劫盡滅，身高一由旬半，壽萬歲。
Second, God Assistant Sky, saying that they are assistant ministers for Lord God-Body Sky. After they attainted first meditation in desire boundary, and they still practice from time to time, meditative power become deep and deeper, therefore, after death, are born as godly ministers. Body length is one yojana; life span is 40 small catastrophes.
Third, God-Body Sky (1), also known as Zombie Dumper (2), Great God Sky (3), Creating-Book Sky (4), Four Faces Buddha (5), is lord of one Dust Instant Soil World (6). This sentient being, in desire boundary, frequently practiced first meditation, then satiated, reprimanded, and abandoned first meditation, entered middle meditation. He or she is free of contamination of perception, still has pollution of view, gains the name of non-perception only-view stillness (7). Among which, he or she pursues to be sky king, also cultivate four infinite hearts (8), therefore is born as this sky. God-Body Sky is born at the beginning of the catastrophe, extinguishes at the end of the catastrophe. Body length is 1.5 yojanas; life span is ten thousand solar calendar years.

注13.2.1-1，神身天是初禪的身體感覺狀態，和三歲以前的嬰幼兒類似，思想意識以隨念自我為主導。此法力量強大，塵世間無有能敵。在中華文化中，神身天被稱作福、大力神，佛教中稱作儒童，印度教作婆羅門，伊斯蘭教、基督教、和古埃及文化中作亞伯，日耳曼文化作馬格尼，墨西哥文化稱為靈龍。
注13.2.1-2，棄屍亦為此人已經拋棄了貪、嗔、癡。貪、嗔、癡沒有理性，卻能動行身體，故被稱作三位行屍大王。
注13.2.1-3，大神義義為上帝三人組（參見10.9《上帝三和合》），或其中的一位。
注13.2.1-4，造書天義為上帝三人組（參見10.9《上帝三和合》），或其中的一位。
Annotation 13.2.1-2, God-Body Sky is the physical perceptive state of the first meditation, like that of an infant or toddler before the age of three, where the mind is dominated by the along thought ego.  The power of this law is great that there is no earthly match for it. In Chinese culture, God-Body Sky is called Fortune, aka. Great Strength God, Genius Children in Buddhism, Brahmin in Hinduism, Abel in Christianity Islam and Ancient Egyptian culture, Magni in Germanic culture, and Quetzalcoatl in Mexican culture.
Annotation 13.2.1-2, Zombie Dumper means that the person has abandoned Greed, Irritability, and Ignorance. Greed, Irritability, and Ignorance are irrational, but they can move the body, so they are called the three zombie kings.  
Annotation 13.2.1-3, Big God means Godly trinity (see Section 10.9 Godly Trinity), or one of them.
Annotation 13.2.1-4, Creating-Book Sky means Godly trinity (see Section 10.9 Godly Trinity), or one of them.

注13.2.1-5，四麵佛義為上帝三人組（參見10.9《上帝三和合》）加觀眾。此第四位佛名作阿迷馱佛。
注13.2.1-6，塵刹土世界參見14.1節《集起》。
注13.2.1-7，覺觀又名尋伺，所以在一禪中，有覺有觀定名有尋有伺地，無覺唯觀定名無尋唯伺地。
注13.2.1-8， 四無量心，亦名四等，一）慈無量心，常求益事以利樂眾生；二）悲無量心，湣念眾生身受惑業苦的流轉之苦（參見11.4.4.2-15 節《流轉》）；三）喜無量心，隨喜眾生之所樂；四）舍無量心，謂法施、財施、無畏施。此四法具有無窮的法力，故名四無量心。
Annotation 13.2.1-5, the four-face Buddha is the God Trinity (see Section 10.9 Godly Trinity),  plus audience. The fourth Buddha is known as A-Lost-Carrying Buddha.
Annotation 13.2.1-6, for the world of Dust Instant Soil, please refer to Section 14.1 Aggregate Arousal.
Annotation 13.2.1-7, “perception and view” are also known as “seeking and awaiting”, therefore, in first meditation, the “having-perception having-view stillness” is the “having-perception having-view land”; and the “non-perception only-view stillness” is called “non-seeking only awaiting land”.
Annotation 13.2.1-8, the “four infinite hearts” are also known as “four equalities”, are: 1) infinite merciful heart is to please all sentient beings, often do benevolent affairs to prosperously benefit them; 2) infinite sorrowful heart is to sympathize all sentient beings’ bitter and unfortune for drifting in the vicious cycles of Muddle Karma and Bitterness (cf. 11.4.4.2-15 Cycle); 3) infinite delightful heart is to be happy along with all sentient beings’ laughable affairs; 4) infinite renunciative heart is to often donate laws (i.e., to teach the laws), to donate assets, and to donate fearlessness (i.e., using lovable speeches to encourage people bravely facing difficulties). The four hearts have inexhaustible powers, therefore are named as four infinite hearts.

13.2.2 光音天 Light Sound Sky (Fig. 13.2-7)
定生喜樂地是色界的第二地，即二禪，謂此天已離初禪覺觀動散，攝心在定，澹然凝靜，而生勝定喜樂。住於此定，行者如從暗室中出，見日月光明，朗然洞徹也。內有喜故，外感水災所壞。光音天統領大千世界中的一小千世界，有三天：少光天、無量光天、和光音天。
（一）少光天，謂此天光明少故。不論人中天上，欲界初禪，但於無覺唯觀三昧。不住不著，專精求進，創得無覺無觀三昧，入第二禪，禪力未深，命終得生少光天中。從二禪去，乃至非想非非想定，一切皆名無覺無觀三昧，火災不到。身縱廣二由旬，壽二大劫。
“Stillness Producing Delight and Laugh Land” is the second land in the color boundary, is Second Meditation, saying that the sky is free from the dispersive moves of first meditation's perceptions and views, assimilates heart in stillness, tranquil and calm, and where delight and laugh are born from the victorious stillness. Dwelling in the stillness, migrator is like emerging from a dark room and seeing the light of the sun or the moon, swiftly understand all. Because of delight within, migrator feels water disaster damages from outside. The Light Sound Sky rules over a small thousand worlds (i.e., 1,000 Dust-Instant-Soil worlds) in the Three-Grand Great-Grand Worlds (i.e., a billion Dust-Instant-Soil worlds), and has three skies: Lesser Light Sky, Infinite Light Sky, and Light Sound Sky.
(1) Less Light Sky, which means that this sky has less light. Regardless of whether it is a human being, a sky being, or in first meditation of desire boundary, as long as one does not dwell in or attach to “Non-Perception Only-View Stillness”, diligently put effort to pursue advancement, creates “non-perception non-view stillness”, enters second meditation, meditative power is not deep, after end of life, is born in the Less Light Sky. From the second meditation to the “Neither Think nor Non-Think Stillness”, all are called “Non-Perception Non-View Stillness; fire disaster can not reach here. The body is two yojanas long and wide, lifespan is two catastrophes.

（二）無量光天 謂此天光明增勝，無限量故。人中天上，數習第二禪力，命終得生此天。壽四大劫，身四由旬。
（三）光音天（注1），謂此天以光明為語音故。人中天上，深入第二禪力，兼修四無量心，命終得生此天。壽八大劫，身八由旬。
注解13.2.2-1，光陰天亦作臆光天，是說意如同一支火炬（或探照燈），隨所觀照，觀照的對象就被染質了，變成了眾生。本文是從視覺幻覺來描述光陰天的，插圖13.2-7是從聽覺幻覺來描述光陰天的，那就是仙樂飄飄。
(2) Infinite Light Sky, which means infinite amount of increasing light. In skies or among humans, practicing the second meditation again and again, after death, is born in the sky. Lifespan is four catastrophes, and body is yojanas long and wide.
(3) Light Sound Sky (1), which means that the skies use lights as lingual sounds. Among humans or in skies, practicing the second meditation and cultivating the four infinite hearts, after life is born in the sky. Lifespan is 8 catastrophes, and body is 8 yojanas long and wide. 
Annotation 13.2.2-1, The light sound sky is also called the Intentional Light Sky, which means that intent is like a torch (or searchlight), wherever observed, those objects are rendered with qualities, become sentients. This article describes light sound sky from the perspective of visual hallucinations. Illustrations 13.2-7 describes the light sound sky from the perspective of auditory hallucinations, that is, the godly music is fluttering.

13.2.3 三禪天 Third Meditation Sky (Fig. 13.2-6)
離喜妙樂地是色界第三地，即三禪地。古人以煩惱為地，清淨為天，故禪定狀態即是地，又是天。此天已離二禪天喜之踴動，因攝心諦觀，泯然入定，而得勝妙之樂。行者住於此定，樂法增長，遍滿身中。內有樂故，外感風災所壞。三禪天統領大千世界中的一中千世界，即一百萬塵刹土國，有三天。
Leaving-Delight Wonderful-Laugh Land is the third land of Color Boundary, is Third Meditation Land. The ancients regarded annoyances as earth and quietness as sky, so the states of meditation are both lands and skies. This sky has left the delightful surges of second meditation, because of delicately assimilating heart in stillness, swiftly enters stillness, attains laughs of victorious wonders. As the migrator dwells in the stillness, law of laugh grows, and fills up the body. Due to the inner laughs, one feels being damaged by wind disasters externally. Third Meditation Sky governs one medium-thousand (i.e., a million) worlds among the Tree-Thousand Great-Thousand Worlds, has three skies.

（一）少淨天，謂此天意識樂受清淨故。不論人中天上，但於二禪，不住不著，一心精進，創證第三禪者，命終即生此天。水災不到，身長十六由旬，壽十六大劫。
（二）無量淨天，謂此天淨勝於前，不可量故。數修第三禪力，命終得生此天。身三十二由旬，壽三十二大劫。
（三）遍淨天，謂此天樂受最勝，淨周遍故。深入第三禪力，兼修四無量心，命終得生此天。身六十四由旬，壽六十四大劫。
(1) Maculate Sky, saying that because intent-sense of this sky enjoys immaculateness. Regardless of a human or a sky, only on second meditation, not to dwell and not to attach, a mind of refinement, whoever creates the third meditation, after life is in the sky. Water disaster can not reach here, body is 16 yojanas long and wide, lifespan is 16 catastrophes.
(2) Infinite Immaculate Sky, which means that this sky is more immaculate than the previous one, and the immaculateness is immeasurable. Again, and again practicing the third meditative power, after life one is reborn in this sky. Body is 32 yojanas and lifespan is 32 catastrophes. 
(3) Omnipresent Immaculate Sky, which means that this sky is the most victorious in terms of laugh acceptance, because the immaculateness is all-pervasive. Deeply entering to third meditative power, also cultivating the four infinite hearts, after life will be born in this sky. Body is 64 yojanas, lifespan is 64 catastrophes.

13.2.4 四禪天 Fourth Meditation Sky (Fig. 13.2-5)
舍念清淨地是色界第四地，即四禪天，謂此天舍二禪之喜及三禪之樂，心無憎愛，一念平等，住於此定，空明寂靜，萬像皆現也，三災俱不能到。四禪有九天，主領三千大千世界。
（一）無雲天，此天及以上，雲居輕薄，故名無雲。不論人中天上，初、二、三禪，但於三禪，不昧不著，一心精進，創證第四禪者，命終得生此天。果報微妙，宮殿隨身，並如雲之地，亦所不需。身廣縱一百二十五由旬，壽一百二十五大劫。
Renunciation Spell-Immaculateness Land is the fourth land in the color boundary, that is the fourth meditation sky, saying that this sky has abandoned the delight of second meditation and laugh of third meditation, heart is free of hate and love, one spell of equality, dwelling in the stillness, empty bright and silent, all phenomena manifests; disasters of fire water and wind can not reach here. Four meditation sky includes nine skies, lordly leads three-thousand big-thousand worlds (i.e., a billion worlds).
(1) Cloudless Sky, this sky and above, the clouds are light and thin, hence the name of cloudless. Regardless of human, sky, the first, second and third meditation, as long as one does not conceive, and not attach to the third meditation, one-heart refinement, creation of the fourth meditation, the end of life to be born in this sky. The fruits are so marvelous, palaces are following the body, with lands like clouds are not needed. Body is 125 yojanas, lifespan is 125 catastrophes.

（二）福生天，謂此天修勝福力，而生其中，從因得名。數修第四禪力，命終得生此天。身廣縱二百五十由旬，壽二百五十大劫。
（三）廣果天，謂此天果報廣大，無能勝故。深入第四禪力，兼修四無量心，命終得生此天。身廣縱五百由旬，壽五百大劫。
(2) Fortune Birth Sky, saying that the sky cultivates victorious fortune power, therefore is born in the sky, hence the name. Again, and again cultivating the fourth meditative power, after life is born in this sky. Body is 250 yojanas, and lifespan is 250 catastrophes.
(3) Gigantic Fruit Sky, which means that the fruit recompenses of this sky are so vast that those can not be surpassed. Deeply entering fourth meditative power and cultivating the four infinite hearts, after life is born in the sky. Body is 500 yojanas, and lifespan is 500 catastrophes.

（四）無想天，亦名長壽天，於人中天上，秉承邪說，厭患粗想，數數修習，依第四禪，滅除前六識、心、及心所有法，令不現行。心滅為首，故名無想定。初生半劫，猶有微想，作意入定，六識不行。共經四百九十九大劫，如其本時習定之相，不動不搖，無所分別。至後半劫，由種子力，想心複生，便從此沒，墮落欲界。
（五）無煩天，謂此天離欲界苦及色界樂，苦樂兩滅無煩惱故。身廣縱九千由旬，壽五千大劫。
此天以及隨後四天名五淨居天，亦作五不還天。不還天是什麽意思？因為淨識害有，居於此天，益受增長，能得五沙門果中的不還果（參見15.2節）。
(4) Thinking-less Sky, also known as Longevity Sky, among humans or skies, adhering to heretical doctrines, averse to rough thinkings, practises and cultivations, depending on fourth meditative power to terminate the first six senses, the heart, and laws belong to heart, having them not to present. It is the first to terminate thinkings, therefore the name of Thinking-less Stillness. In the first half of catastrophe, there is still the slightest thinkings, making intention to stillness, then the six senses do not migrate. Later during 499 catastrophes, the being is as immovable and non-discriminating as it was at the time of its birth. In the last half catastrophe, due to the power of seed, the thinking heart resurrects. The being disappears from here, falls down desire boundary.
(5) Non-Annoyance Sky, which means that this sky is free from the bitter of desire boundary and laugh of color boundary, therefore neither bitter nor laugh, no annoyances at all. Body is 9,000 yojanas, and lifespan is 5,000 catastrophes.
This sky and the four following ones are called the Five Immaculate-Dwell Skies, also known as the Five No Return Skies. What is the meaning of the No Return? Because immaculate senses harm haves, and can let beneficial acceptance grow, so residing in these five skies can achieve the No Return fruit of the four shamanic fruits (cf. section 15.2).

（六）無熱天，謂此天研究心境，無依無處，清涼自在，無熱惱故。身長一萬二千由旬，壽九千大劫。此天廣闊，多池多樹。有一大池名無熱，池的東西南北各有一條大河。一名大醒識河，二名大幻識河，三名大夢識河，四名大散識河。此四條大河貫通四大洲，與四海相連。樹林裏多有鳳凰，唯棲於樹的第三枝，以龍為食。各池中的龍多有鳳凰之災；唯無熱大池裏的龍無此禍患。若鳳凰想去無熱池獵龍，一想，它就死了。
(6) Non-Fervidity Sky, saying that this sky studies the environment of heart, no reliant no place, is cool and self sufficient, no annoyance fervidity at all. Body is 12,000 yojanas, and lifespan is 9,000 catastrophes. The sky is vast, with many ponds and trees. There is a large pool named No Fervidity, of which east, north, west, and south, each direction, there is a great river. One is the great river of Wakeful Senses, second is the great river of Hallucination Senses, third is the great river of Dream Senses, and the fourth is great river of Loose Senses. These four rivers run through the four continents and are connected to the four seas. There are many phoenixes in the woods, but they only perch on the third branch of the trees and feed on dragons. Most of the dragons in each pool are subject to the disaster of the phoenix; only the dragon in the great No Fervidity Pool is free from such disaster. If a phoenix wants to hunt a dragon in the No Fervidity Pool, it will die as soon as it thinks about it.

（七）善見天，謂此天妙見十方世界圓澄，無塵垢故。身廣縱一萬八千由旬，壽一萬二千大劫。
（八）善現天，謂此天空無障礙，精見現前故。身長兩萬四千由旬，壽一萬四千大劫。
（九）色究竟天，謂此天於諸塵幾微之處研窮究竟故。身廣縱三萬六千由旬，壽一萬六千大劫。又，色究竟中有摩醯首螺天，此作大自在天。
(7) Excellent Sight Sky, saying that the sky can wonderfully see worlds in ten directions in perfect condensates, no dusts at all. Body is 18,000 yojanas, and lifespan is 12,000 catastrophes.
(8) Benevolent Manifestation Sky, saying that this sky has no obstacle because essential views present at front. Body is 24,000 yojanas, and lifespan is 14,000 catastrophes.
(9) Color Finalization Sky, saying that this sky studies dusts to their extremes, has finalized them. Body is 36,000 yojanas, and lifespan is 16,000 catastrophes. Also, in the Color Finalization Sky, there is a “Mexi First-Conch Sky”, here, it is called Great Self-Sufficient Sky.

摩醯首螺是什麽意思？摩醯首螺義為雙身佛，或雙身神，即阿彌陀佛。摩醯，歐洲文化中作摩西（Moses），本文中是插圖15右端的那根線，代表墨西哥的生命線，代表書。首螺是插圖15左端的那個螺殼，代表翠玉女（玉女，夏娃），代表她是墨西哥名族的始祖母。插圖1至22是墨西哥（又名金童，亞當，特拉洛克，獅子，活躍於公元1325年）畫的。圖38顯示他年青時就在研究如何畫生命之樹的樹幹。圖37顯示中年的墨西哥正在畫生命之樹的樹幹。上麵一隻腐屍蟲正在叮月牙兒臉，表示他要把四禪天用摩醯首螺來表示，為此他與翠玉女發生了分歧。因為翠玉女要用 “她自己驚奇地看著玉米穗” （如圖4所示）來表達 “空無邊處天” 的概念。最終墨西哥妥協了，他把自己化成了圖15上麵的那隻看守天門的狗。
What does “Mexi First-Conch” mean? It means two-body God or Buddha, means Ometeotl. Mexi is Moses in European culture. In this article, it is the line on the right side of Illustration 15, which represents the lifeline of Mexico and the book. The conch is the shell on the left side of Illustration 15, which represents Chalchiuhtlicue (Jade Girl, Eve), representing that she is the primogenitor mother of Mexican. Illustrations 1 to 22 were drawn by Mexico (also known as Gold Boy, Adam, Tlaloc, and Jaguar, active in 1325 CE.). Illustration 38 shows that he was studying how to draw the trunk of Life Tree when he was young. Illustration 37 shows that the middle-age Mexico is drawing the trunk of Life Tree. A carrion beetle is biting the crescent face above, indicating that he wanted to use the “Mexi First-Conch” to represent the fourth meditation sky, and he had a disagreement with Chalchiuhtlicue, because she wanted to use "her own surprise looking at the corn ears" (as shown in Figure 4) to express the concept of “Edgeless Empty Sky”. Finally, Mexico compromised and transformed himself into the dog guarding the Sky Door as shown in Figure 15.

13.3 無色界 Colorless Boundary (Figs. 13.3-4 to 1)
無色界有四天，亦作四勝智，四金剛智；在三界九地的說法中，此四天亦被稱作四處或四地。四勝智是說在上帝左翼蜂鳥發起的奧林運動中，墨西哥這隻烏龜跑贏了其它499隻兔子，最終於公元1325年贏得了翠玉女的芳心，與她結合成了新的阿彌陀（Ometeotl，如圖13.3.3-38所示）。
讀者可在圖38中看出，圖1至3中的 “V” 型代表勝利。作者我認為此 “V” 型源自尖底桶（如圖1，2，和3圖的中間所示），表示此器可盛智慧之水，表示此四天是四種勝定（參見12.3節）。
There are four skies in the colorless boundary, also known as the Four Victorious Intelligences and Four Philosopher-Stone Intelligences; in the saying of “three boundaries nine lands”, the four skies are also called the four places or four lands. The saying of Four Victorious Intelligences is that in the Ollin Movement sponsored by Huitzilopochtli, Mexico, the tortoise, outran the other 499 rabbits and finally won the heart of Chalchiuhtlicue in 1325 C.E., and fused with her to become a new Ometeotl (as shown in Figure 13.3.3-38).
The reader can see in Figure 38 that the “V” shape in Figures 1 to 3 represents victory. Author, I believe that this “V” shape originated from the pointed-bottom bucket (as shown in the middle of Figures 1, 2, and 3), indicating that these vessels can hold the water of gnostic intelligence, indicating that these four skies are the four kinds of victorious stillness (see Section 12.3).
 

13.3.1 空無邊處天 Edgeless Empty Place Sky (fig. 13.3-4)
謂此天厭於色身係縛，不得自在，心緣虛空，與無色相應，住空處定。不論人中天上，初、二、三、四禪中，但除無想天和五不還天，餘修空處定者，若得成就，則命終便生此天。既無色蘊，不可說有方隅處所，唯有微細第六意識，所緣無邊虛空，為其處也。壽二萬一千大劫。
Saying that this sky was satiated with bondages of color body, felt not self-sufficient, so with heart to aggregate empty, and matched with empty, therefore dwelling in the empty place stillness. Regardless of among humans, among skies, or in the first, second, third, or fourth meditation, except for the Thoughtless Sky and the Five No Return Skies, all practitioners of empty stillness, if he or she achieves it, then after-life is born in this sky. Since no color node, should not say that there is location or house. There is only the delicate sixth sense (i.e., consciousness), and the objective is edgeless empty which is its place. Lifespan is 21,000 catastrophes.

注13.3-1，此天的空是無意識（古作神識）默認的空色，例如遠處天和地交界處的灰色，那不是日常的灰色，而是無意識用自己默認的灰色來區分天和地的。插圖4用 “翠玉女驚訝地看著玉米穗” 來表示那是 “空無邊處天” 。古墨西哥人用玉米穗來代表翠玉女（夏娃，如圖39）所創作的 “到達方舟” ，表示 “到達方舟” 是上帝左翼蜂鳥賜予墨西哥子孫的 “意思食” （參見11.5《四食諦》）。
Annotation 13.3-1, The emptiness of this sky is the default color of emptiness of the unconscious (anciently known as God-sense), for example, the gray color at the junction of the sky and the earth in the distance, that is not daily life gray, but the unconscious uses its own default gray color to distinguish between the sky and the earth. Illustration 4 uses "Chalchiuhtlicue (Eve, see fig. 39) looking at the corn cobs in surprise" to indicate that it is the "Edge-less Empty Sky”. The ancient Mexicans used corn cobs to represent the "Arrival Ark" created by Chalchiuhtlicue, indicating that the Arrival Ark is the "Mana Food” (see section 11.5 "Four Food Crux") given to the descendants of Mexico by God Huitzilopochtli.

為什麽“翠玉女驚訝地看著玉米穗”能代表 “空無邊天”？因為玉女（夏娃）的語言天賦好，邏輯能力強，她編寫的《到達方舟》中運用了大量的矩陣（範文參見17.1《心經》）。讀時，讀者需要上下，前後反複讀，像似在啃玉米棒子似的；所以古墨西哥人就用玉米棒子來代表《到達方舟》了。《到達方舟》中所運用的主要心理學原理是 “淨識害有” ，翠玉女總是運用 “空識” 來清洗（即洗禮、割禮）讀者的身心，就好似翠玉女是在 “空無邊天” 造出《到達方舟》的。
Why can "Chalchiuhtlicue looking at the corn cobs in surprise” represent the Edgeless Empty Sky? Because Chalchiuhtlicue (Eve) is gifted with language and logic, she wrote the “Arrival Ark” (for a model text, see section 17.1 Heart Sutra) in which she utilized many matrices. When reading, the reader needs to read up and down, back and forth repeatedly, as if nipping on a corncob; that's why the ancient Mexicans used a corncob to represent the Ark of Arrival. The main psychological principle used in Arrival Ark is that "Immaculate senses harm haves”. Chalchiuhtlicue always uses "empty senses" to cleanse (i.e., to baptize, to circumcise, to mind-wash) readers' bodies and minds. This is like saying that she created the "Arrival Ark" in the "Edgeless Empty Place Sky".

13.3.2 識無邊處天 Edgeless Senses Place Sky (Fig. 13.3-3)
謂此天厭虛空無邊，於是即舍虛空，轉心緣識，以識為處故。不論欲界色界空處，但修識處定成，命終即生此天。唯以微細第六意識，所緣無邊心識，為其處也。壽四萬二千大劫。
Saying that the sky was bored with Edgeless Empty, so abandoned vague empty, turned heart to aggregate senses, therefore by Edgeless Senses as place. Regardless of desire boundary, color boundary, or empty place, if cultivated the Senses Place Stillness, after-life is born in this sky. Only the subtle sixth sense, those objectives are edgeless heart senses, which are the place. Lifespan is 42,000 catastrophes.

13.3.3 無所有處天 No Objective Have Place Sky (Fig. 13.3-2)
謂此天厭於識處無邊，於是舍識，入無所有處；謂不用前空處識處故。不論欲界、色界、空處、識處，但修無所有處定成，命終即生此天。唯以微細第六意識，所緣非空非色境界，為其處也。其王三昧（注3），名之為樂。壽六萬三千大劫。
注13.3-3，三昧，即三昧地，是梵語，漢語義為正定，如本章的色界18天，無色界4天就是22種三昧地，即22種正定。
Saying that this sky surfeited Edgeless Senses Place, so abandoned Senses Place, enters No Objective Have Place; it is said that because he or she does not use the Empty Place and Senses Place. Regardless of the desire boundary, color boundary, empty place, or senses place, if successfully cultivates the No Objective Have Place, at end of one’s life, will be born in this sky. Only with little sixth sense, the objective is environment of neither empty nor colorless, which is its place, is king among Samadhis (2), namely Ho-Ho-Ho (i.e., sounds of laugh). Lifespan is 63,000 catastrophes.
Annotation 13.3-3, Samadhi is a Sanskrit word, and its Chinese meaning is Correct Stillness, such as the 18 skies in color boundary, and 4 skies in colorless boundary, are 22 samadhis, are 22 kinds of correct stillness.

13.3.4 非想非非想處天 Neither Thinking nor Thinking-less Place Sky (Fig. 13.3-1)
謂此天居無色界之極頂，非無所有處之無想，非識無邊處之有想。唯以極微細第六識，所緣非有非無境界為其處也。不論欲色二界，空等三處，但修非非想處定成，命終即生此天。壽八萬四千大劫，居三有（注4）頂，更無可進。
注13.3-4，記憶有，習氣有，就是有；因果不忘為有。三有，即13.1節的欲界，13.2節的色界，和本節的無色界；此三界人人都有，故名三有。
Saying that this sky is at the top of the colorless boundary, neither thoughtless of “No Objective Have Place” nor thinkings of “Edgeless Senses Place”. Only with the extremely subtle sixth sense, those objectives are environment of neither have nor none, which is its place. Regardless of the desire boundary, color boundary, empty place, senses place, or no objective have place, as long as one achieves the Neither Thinking nor Thinking-less Place Stillness, after-life is reborn in this sky. With a lifespan of 63,000 catastrophes, the sky dwells at top of Three Haves (4), no further to go.
Annotation 13.3-4, having memories or having habits is named have; cause and effect are not forgotten is have. Three Haves, mean that section 13.1 Desire Boundary, section 13.2 Color Boundary, and this section of Colorless Boundary are three haves, because everyone has the three.

13.4 統觀大千世界 General View of the Great-Grand World
總觀三千大千世界，可得，流轉，八種苦相，十趣因果，和25有。
Taking a general view of the Three-Grand Great-Grand Worlds, one can obtain the vicious cycle, eight bitterness, ten interests of causes and fruits, and 25 haves.

13.4.1 流轉 Cycle
六趣有情遷流於三界九地之中，不得休息和出離，其因果不出十二有枝：無明、行、識、名色、六處、觸、受、愛、取、有、生、老死。
無明義為昏暗、想知道得清楚些，即是無知，從而引發了行枝的運動。此運動，或說由行枝引起的不同，就是識，就是識枝。雖說行枝和識枝同時而有，依據因果，把此二分了先後。就這樣，無明枝和行枝引發了後麵五枝業果。
Sentient beings of the Six Interests drift among the three boundaries nine lands, their causes and fruits are among the twelve have branches: Non-Light (Ignorance), Migration, Sense, Name-Color, Six Places, Touch, Acceptance, Love, Fetch, Have, Birth, Old Death.
Non-Light means dim, and wanting to know, is Ignorance, so that causes the Migration Branch to move. Differences caused by Migration Branch are Senses, are Sense Branch. Although the Migration Branch and Sense Branch come into existence at the same time, based on cause and effect, we divide these two into successive stages. In this way, the Non-light Branch and Migration Branch trigger the next five fruits branches.

識、名色、六處、觸、和受，五枝被稱作五果，義為它們過去業習氣果的現行。識枝把信息傳播到了名色枝。名即四無色蘊， 即受蘊、想蘊、行蘊、和識蘊，色即色蘊；名和色合在一起就是心，但此時心並不明了，隻能說是識正把信息向有情身心擴散。明是明白、內明的光明。當六處收到信息後，由於先業的作用，心開始形成，所以觸枝顯現了。觸（參見11.4.4.1.1節）是遍行心所有法的觸枝，有類似於心的功能，可以為心的形成提供動力。當六處明了，受枝就出現了。受枝遇痛則死；若遇到可愛果，受會招引位於三界九地的同類法來攝取可愛果。受枝出現之後，心就變得明了了。一而再，再而三，就引發了後麵的孕育三枝。
The five branches of Sense, Name Color, Six Places, Touch, and Acceptance are called Five Fruits, meaning the fruitful performances of their past karmic habits. The Sense branch transmits information to the Name Color Branch.  Names are the four colorless nodes, i.e., acceptance node, think node, migration node, and sense node; Color is color node. Name and Color together are the heart, the flesh body and mind, but at this point, the heart is not illuminated yet; it can only be said that the Senses are spreading the information to the heart, i.e., the flesh body and mind. Illumination is saying of internal light, light of enlightenment. After Six Places (Cf. section 11.3) receive the information, due to karma, heart starts to form, therefore a similar heart, Touch Branch arises. Touch is an Omnipresent Heartland Laws (Cf. section 11.4.4.1.1), can provides heart power during heart formation. After the Six Places are illuminated, the Acceptance Branch appears. When Acceptance Branch encounters pain, it dies; if it encounters lovely fruits, can summon similar laws located in the three boundaries and nine lands. After the emergence of the Acceptance Branch, the heart is fully illuminated. Repeatedly and again, it triggers the later three gestation branches.

愛、取、有三枝可以孕育有情，所以被古人稱作能生枝。可愛果是異熟果（參見11.6.1節），稀少，像是農業產品，數量有限；而受枝的享受者是等流果。等流果易招，異熟果難求，進而愛生。愛是肥水，能孕育萬物，會導致取枝的出現。一而再，再而三，有枝就出現了。什麽是有？記憶有，習氣有就是有。有枝會導致後麵的生枝和老死枝。
The three branches of Love, Fetch, and Have can give birth to interests, and so they were called three gestation branches by Ancient Virtues. Lovable fruits are mutant fruits (cf. Section 11.6.1), scarce, like agricultural products, limited in quantities; and the enjoyers of the Acceptance Branch are equal-stream fruits. Equal-stream fruits are easy to summon, but mutant fruits are hard to get, therefore Love Branch emerges. Love is fertile water, can brew anything, therefore Fetch Branch emerges. More, and again, Have Branch is formed. What is the have? Having memory and having habit are haves. Have Branch can induce later branches of Birth and Old Death.

生支和老死枝是被前文的能生支引發的。從無到有為生。衰敗為老。滅絕為死。死不一定出現，所以古人用老死來建立此枝。前習氣已被孕育了，這出生就是必然的了，隨後就有了愁、歎、苦、憂、惱、老死。
十二有支亦惑業苦三輪來攝取。惑攝無明支、愛支和取支。業攝行支和有支。苦攝識、名色、六處、觸、受、生和老死。名色、六處、觸、受和識即是有情身心；生死是有情的煩惱。因此苦輪所攝就是苦海中的眾生。這樣，這十二有支的因果循環，就變成了：眾生受苦起惑，因惑起行造業，業又生苦；如是惑業苦循環無盡。
The Birth Branch and Old Death Branch are induced by the preceding gestation branches. From nothing to something is birth. Decay or deterioration is old. Extinction is death. Death does not necessarily arise, so the ancients used old-ness and death together to establish this branch. The former habit having been conceived, this Birth is inevitable, followed by sorrow, sighing, bitterness, worry, anguish, and old death.
The twelve have branches can also be assimilated by a Wheel composed of Muddle Karma and Bitter. Muddle assimilates Non-light, Love, and Fetch. Karma assimilates Migration and Have. Bitter assimilates Sense, Name Color, Six Places, Touch, Acceptance, Birth, and Old Death. Name Color, Six Places, Touch, Acceptance, and Sense are sentient beings' bodies and minds. Birth and Death are sentient beings' annoyances. Thus, the Bitter takes in all sentient beings in the bitter sea. In this way, the cycle of cause and fruit of these twelve have branches becomes: sentient beings receive bitter to create muddles, and because of muddles they create karma, and karma gives rise to bitter; so, the Wheel of Muddle Karma and Bitter is rolling itself ceaselessly.

此十二有枝，古人稱作十二緣起，亦作流轉真如，是佛教中的七真如之一。契經中是這樣描述的：無明望行、行望識、識望名色、名色望六處、六處望觸、觸望受、受望愛、愛望取、取望有、有望生、生望老死，起愁歎苦憂惱，成大苦具。
These twelve have branches, which the Sanskrit word is pratītya-samutpāda-a?ga, also known as Samsara True-Suchness, is one of the seven kinds of true suchness in Buddhism. The harmonious sutra describes it like this: Non-Light watches Migration, Migration watches Sense, Sense watches Name-Color, Name-Color watches Six Places, Six Places watch Touch, Touch watches Acceptance, Acceptance watches Love, Love watches Fetch, Fetch watches Have, have watches Birth, Birth watches Old Death, arise a great worry, sighing, bitter, gloomy, a great annoying aggregate is formed.

13.4.2 八苦 Eight Bitterness
（一）生苦，事物從無變有為生；新事新物總是不斷地出現，令人身心生起種種的苦受。
（二）老苦，事物變異衰敗為老；事物總是不斷地變老變壞，令人身心生起種種的苦受。
（三）病苦，新舊事物老是出毛病，起衝突，令人身心生起種種的苦受。
（四）死苦，事物從有變無為死；已有的事物總是不斷地消失永別，令人身心生起種種的苦受。
(1) Birth Bitter, birth means from none to have; new things are always appearing, causing kinds of bitter acceptances in the body and heart.
(2) Old Bitter, old means deterioration, decay; things are constantly deteriorating, causing kinds of bitter acceptances in the body and heart.
(3) Illness Bitter, often getting diseases, causing kinds of bitter acceptances in the body and heart.
(4) Death Bitter, that means things from haves to none; things that already have often disappear, giving rise to kinds of bitter in the body and heart.

 
（五）怨憎會苦，心目中常時怨恨憎惡的壞人，希望他長時遠離，但偏與之有集聚會合。
（六）愛別離苦，自己親愛的人事物，希望常相聚會，但偏有違緣逆境，使其分散。
（七）求不得苦，對於世間希求想得的財物、名位，及一切心中所愛樂的事物而不能有。
（八）五蘊勝苦，五蘊（參見11.4節）的生長繁榮昌盛，衰敗凋零枯竭，世事變遷，增減不定，令人身心生起種種的苦受。
(5) Bitter of Meeting with the Grudges and Hatred; those bad people whom one always grudges and hates in mind, wishing that he or she would stay away for a long time, but often meeting with them.
(6) Bitter of Separation from Love, in which people and things dear to one's heart, wishing to be together with them, but there are contrary causes and adversities that cause them to be scattered.
(7) Bitter from can not be owned, not getting those assets and fames which mundane beings wish and strive to own, and those lovable laughable affairs in heart can not be owned.
(8) Bitter from the Five Nodes are victorious, Five Nodes (cf. section 11.4) grow prosperous and flourishing, and they deteriorate and deplete, the mundane affairs are changing, the increase and decrease are uncertain, giving rise to kinds of bitter in the body and mind.

前八種苦相可以被總結為三種苦性：苦苦、壞苦、行苦。前五種苦是新苦遇舊苦，苦水流出，故苦，所以被命名為苦苦；這是苦的自性。知道了苦的自性，遇到苦時，不要再追憶創傷，避免苦泉的噴發。
八苦中，（六）愛別離苦和（七）求不得苦，是由得樂之後，樂變壞形成的，所以叫做壞苦；這是苦的自相。此苦來源於辨別，不辨別不就沒了。
The proceeding eight kind of bitter phenomena can be summarized as the three types of bitter natures: bitter-bitter, damage bitter, and migration bitter. The first five types of bitter are new bitter meeting old bitter, bitter water flowing out, hence bitter, therefore are named as Bitter-Bitter, which are self-nature of bitter. Knowing the self-nature of bitter, when one encounters bitter, should not tracing recall old trauma, so to avoid the eruption of bitter fountain.
Of the Eight Bitter, (6) bitter of separation from Love, and the (7) bitter from can not be owned, are formed by the deterioration of happiness after it has been attained, and are therefore called Damage Bitter, which is the self-phenomena of bitter. This bitter comes from discrimination; without discrimination it is not.

八苦的最後一項是五蘊勝苦，是由意（即前意識）不斷遷流變動形成的，所以叫做行苦。行苦的行是苦因，或者說是苦根。行即是遷徙，漂流的意思。佛教定義有思想活動，就是有行，即有行苦。這行苦的定義使三界九地，除了無所有處天，都有行苦。又四大種中，識是水，所以 “三千大千世界” 就立刻沉沒於苦海了。苦諦就這樣被建立了，所以苦是諦安立真如。
The last of the Eight Bitters is the Bitter from the Five Nodes are victorious, which is formed by the constant migration of Intent, which is preconsciousness, also known as Eve-sense, is therefore called Migration Bitter. Migration is the cause of the bitter, or the root of the bitter. Buddhism defines whatever having mental activities as having Migration, then there are Migration Bitter. This definition of Migration Bitter makes the Three Boundaries Nine Land, except “No Objective Have Sky”, all have Migration Bitter. And of the four big seeds, sense is water (cf. section 11.2), so the “Three-Grand Great-Grand Worlds” immediately sink into bitter sea. Like this, Bitter Crux is established, therefore Bitter Crux is Establishment True-Suchness.

13.4.3 十趣因果 Ten Interests’ Reasons and Fruits
總觀三千大千世界中的三界九地，可得十趣因果。
（一）嗔恚邪淫，即地獄業，極苦無間，即地獄果。 
（二）愚癡暗蔽，即畜生業，昏鈍困苦，即畜生果。
（三）慳貪不施，即餓鬼業，缺乏不遂，即餓鬼果。
Summarizing the three boundaries nine lands in the three-grand great-grand worlds, one can obtain ten interests' reasons and fruits.
(1) Irritability hate and heretical sexual conduct are hell karma, extremely bitter without intermittent rest, i.e., hell fruit. 
(2) Foolishly ignorance and gloomily concealment are livestock karma, gloomily dull and difficult bitter, i.e., livestock fruit.
(3) stingy, greedy, and no donation are hungry ghost karma, short of supplies and failure, i.e., hungry ghost fruit.

（四）我慢貢高，即修羅業，戰鬥爭奪，即修羅果。 
（五）堅持五戒，即人道業，苦樂夾雜，即人道果。
（六）精修十善，即天道業，享受福樂，即欲天果。
（七）知緣性離，即緣覺業，證因緣覺，即緣覺果。
(4) I (i.e., Seth, cf. section 11.4.4.1.4) arrogance and lifting oneself high are asura karma, combat expostulation and robbery, i.e., asura fruit.
(5) adhere to the five precepts, are human karma, interlaced with bitter and laugh, i.e., humanity fruit.
(6) diligently cultivating the ten benevolences are sky-path karma, enjoying acceptances of fortune and laugh, i.e., desire sky fruit.
(7) knowing aggregate-arousal (cf. section 14.1) off nature is “aggregate-arousal perception” karma, proving causes of aggregate arousal, i.e., “aggregate-arousal perception” fruit.

（八）證悟人空，即小乘業，證小涅槃，即羅漢果。
（九）渡行齊修，即大乘業，漸入覺位，即菩薩果。 
（十）真慈平等，即神佛業，成圓覺滿，即神佛果。
插圖13.4.3-1至35是古墨西哥人對此十趣因果的表現形式。插圖36是中華文化中對此十趣因果的表現形式，稱作大圓鏡智。
(8) testified and realized that human is empty, are small vehicle fruit, testament on small nirvana, i.e. Ararat fruit.
(9) practicing both cultivation and salvation, are great vehicle karma, gradually entering enlightenment position, i.e., bodhisattva fruit.
(10) true mercifulness and even equality are God Buddha karma, perfect achievement, and full enlightenment, i.e., God Buddha Fruit.
Illustrations 13.4.3-1 to 35 are the ancient Mexicans’ representation of the causes and fruits of the ten interests. Illustration 36 is the Chinese cultural representation of the causes and fruits of the ten interests, which is called the Great Round Mirror Intelligence.

13.4.4 二十五有 25 Haves
三界九地總言十趣因果（如圖13.4.3-35、36所示），別言25有。有即記憶有，業習氣有，因果不忘。欲界中的地獄趣、畜生趣、餓鬼趣，這三惡趣為3有。修羅趣為1有；人趣的四洲為4有；六欲天為6有，所以欲界總計14有。色界中的神眾天和神輔天為1有；大神天為1有；光音天中的三天為1有；三禪中的三天為1有；四禪中的前三天為1有，無想天為1有，五不還天為1有，所以色界總計為7有。無色界的四天各為1有。如是，三界九地總計為25有；此25有人人都有。
The three boundaries nine lands, generally to say, are ten interests of reasons and fruits (see fig. 13.4.3-35, 36), another saying, are 25 haves. Memory haves, habitual haves, causes vs. fruits are not forgotten, are haves. In desire boundary, hell interest, livestock interest, and hungry ghost interest, the three ferocious interests (fig. 22, 21, and 20) are three haves. Asura interest (fig. 19) is 1 have; the four continents of humanity are 4 haves; six desire skies are 6 haves; therefore, the desire boundary totally has 14 haves. In color boundary, godly crowds sky and godly assistant sky are counted as 1 have; the three skies in light sound sky are counted as 1 have; three skies in third meditation sky are counted as 1 have; the first three skies in fourth meditation sky are counted as 1 have; longevity sky is 1 have; five No Return Skies are 1 have; so that color boundary totally counts as 7 haves. The four skies in colorless boundary, each count as 1 have. Thus, three boundaries nine lands are counted as 25 haves in total, which everybody has.

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