(原創:靈隱士)
康拉德的憂傷我的憂傷(3)——那憂傷的曆史
(I was thinking of very old times, when the Romans first came here, nineteen hundred years ago--the other day. . . . Light came out of this river since--you say Knights? Yes; but it is like a running blaze on a plain, like a flash of lightning in the clouds. We live in the flicker--may it last as long as the old earth keeps rolling! But darkness was here yesterday. Imagine the feelings of a commander of a fine--what d'ye call 'em?--trireme in the Mediterranean, ordered suddenly to the north; run overland across the Gauls in a hurry; put in charge of one of these craft the legionaries,--a wonderful lot of handy men they must have been too--used to build, apparently by the hundred, in a month or two, if we may believe what we read. Imagine him here--the very end of the world, a sea the color of lead, a sky the color of smoke, a kind of ship about as rigid as a concertina--and going up this river with stores, or orders, or what you like. Sandbanks, marshes, forests, savages,--precious little to eat fit for a civilized man, nothing but Thames water to drink. No Falernian wine here, no going ashore. Here and there a military camp lost in a wilderness, like a needle in a bundle of hay--cold, fog, tempests, disease, exile, and death,--death skulking in the air, in the water, in the bush. They must have been dying like flies here. Oh yes--he did it. Did it very well, too, no doubt, and without thinking much about it either, except afterwards to brag of what he had gone through in his time, perhaps. They were men enough to face the darkness. And perhaps he was cheered by keeping his eye on a chance of promotion to the fleet at Ravenna by-and-by, if he had good friends in Rome and survived the awful climate. Or think of a decent young citizen in a toga--perhaps too much dice, you know--coming out here in the train of some prefect, or tax-gatherer, or trader even, to mend his fortunes. Land in a swamp, march through the woods, and in some inland post feel the savagery, the utter savagery, had closed round him, --all that mysterious life of the wilderness that stirs in the forest, in the jungles, in the hearts of wild men. There's no initiation either into such mysteries. He has to live in the midst of the incomprehensible, which is also detestable. And it has a fascination, too, that goes to work upon him. The fascination of the abomination--you know. Imagine the growing regrets, the longing to escape, the powerless disgust, the surrender, the hate.")
在第四頁,借助於船長馬洛之口,康拉德表達出了自己的一些看法。通過回溯遠古時期的大不列顛,在羅馬文明侵入之前,最初那混沌洪荒的年代。是兩幅麵孔,一麵是原始的過往,被外人征服被動之極,另一個是文明的現狀,主動出擊去征服別人。這就是曆史的輪回。時間一直前行,但是人的行為卻如鍾表指針一樣在循環。雖然代代相傳,生生不息,但是如此黑暗,如此憂傷。就像用了一個高倍的放大鏡,康拉德讓讀者貼近著曆史的麵孔,注視著那些第一次遠渡重洋來吃螃蟹的羅馬人,他們的一言一行,一舉一動。跟隨他們的腳步,觀察著他們的麵孔,傾聽著他們的呼吸,以及內心之中脈搏的震顫,感受著他們內心的恐慌,內心的無助,以及內心的黑暗。描繪地非常細致細膩,完全符合人的感官機能,極為合乎邏輯地剖析著拓荒先鋒們,同時也是征服者的內心世界,展現出他們心理上的一轉一動,讓讀者一筆一劃地了解到他們內心之所以變得黑暗的深層緣由。
這一段雖然挺長,可是絕對值得咀嚼一下。嚐試翻譯如下:
“我在想那些很久以前的事兒,當時羅馬人第一個來到了咱這地方,1900年前吧,之後才有那麽一天,也就是從那一天開始,咱這條河裏才開始出現了光明(Light)——什麽你說騎士(Knight)?咳咳也對,也挺對的。不過當時它呢就像一團火焰卷過整片草原,一道閃電刺穿團團烏雲。瞧瞧,我們的生活環境總是在不停地搖晃著閃變著——隻要地球這老家夥一直轉動下去,那就永遠不會消停下來!來想象一下當時的情境吧,領頭那個衣飾華貴的指揮官大人,他心裏才會有的那種感覺——你們覺得會是什麽樣子呢?——在他的腳下踩著的是一艘三層至尊戰艦,他傾聽著地中海上傳出的聲音,那是海浪的呼吸與召喚,情感奔湧之下,突然大手一揮一聲令下,行程匆匆如也一路向北,翻山越嶺穿越高盧,來到英吉利海峽之岸。麾下掌管著一支龐雜船隊所組成的軍團,——當然少不了帶著一大批能工巧匠,絕對少不了——來幫助就地建造木船,那木船少說也得造個幾百條,一定要在一兩個月的工期內完成,如果書裏麵寫著的那些是正確的話。再想象一下,當他到達這裏的時候,在世界遠端一個偏遠的角落,現在完全不一樣了,腳下成了一片鉛灰色的海水,頂上成了一片煙灰色的天空,這時候木船怕是也變得像手風琴一樣,破板破料粗粗糙糙的——然後沿著咱這條河,向上費著勁逆著流,攜帶著生活必備物品,也帶著大官們的命令,或者想帶什麽就帶上什麽吧。四周抬眼一望,我的老天,沙土河岸,汙沼泥潭,老樹林子,野蠻人群——都是這些呀,對於一個來自文明社會的文明人來說,那真是連找一個下嘴的地方都找不到,除了這泰晤士裏的河水可以管個飽以外,其它啥想要的都沒有。沒有他們家鄉費蘭人才會釀造的美味葡萄酒,也不可以輕易就登陸上岸。你咋知道啊,在這無盡的荒野,不定在哪個旮旯裏就藏著一個武裝小分隊,棲居在那兒,隱沒著,就像草垛裏掉了一根針一樣難找——這還沒完,還有酷寒,濃霧,暴風驟雨,疾病,流離失所想家的感覺,最後一個,死亡——死亡之影或許縈繞在空中,或許藏匿在水裏,或許閃躲在密林。這種地方啊,他們很可能就像飛蟲一般死掉,沒錯,就是這樣子,像極了一個微不足道的小小飛蟲,這沒有什麽值得質疑的,人的腦袋裏也無需想得太複雜,當然可以往好處想,如果他挺過了這一關並活到了他的時代,到那時候,他就有這個資本敢向別人吹噓炫耀一下。這些才真正是麵對過黑暗,並感受過黑暗的人。雖然苦,雖然悶,可是想到自己的未來,自己也許有機會一點一點晉升上位,成為拉韋納皇家艦隊中的一員,他或許會轉顏心裏雀躍一下,當然這也要看他在羅馬有沒有會辦事的朋友,還有就是自己能不能熬過那糟糕要命的氣候。也許他會夢想到自己的未來,在羅馬的大街上成了一個體麵的年輕市民,身著托加長袍——也許,我這裏麵已經太多的也許了,你明白吧?——要知道跟他一起呆在車廂裏,一起同來這兒為了明天的,還有一些是幹收稅,搞交易的人,這些人都會讓他手裏的財富少上那麽一些。夢想支持著,他們帶著勇氣踏進泥沼,穿過樹林,在內陸的某個哨所感受著土著野蠻的行徑,絕對的野蠻!他們會被慢慢地包圍住,然後被慢慢地逼近,那些荒野裏所有的生命,無比的神秘,在不停攪動著,攪動著森林,攪動著密叢,也攪動著狂野之人的內心。這些神神秘秘的東西,到底是為啥會引發的呢?這沒有人會知道緣由。能做的,不得不去做的,隻有盡力活下去,在這種無法理喻的氛圍中全力活下去,你說,這心裏會舒服嗎?一定會憤恨不平,一定會的。當然這裏麵也有一種蠱惑的魅力讓他欲罷不能,要不為啥來啊。這蠱惑之魅讓他完全仇視其它一切——你明白吧?你想想看,一個人整天老是在後悔,後悔越演越烈,心裏麵老是渴望著逃離這鬼地方,天天埋怨自己沒出息,甚至想過要舉手投降,這慢慢慢慢地,最後心裏隻剩下仇恨,隻有仇恨二字。”
(Mind, none of us would feel exactly like this. What saves us is efficiency--the devotion to efficiency. But these chaps were not much account, really. They were no colonists; their administration was merely a squeeze, and nothing more, I suspect. They were conquerors, and for that you want only brute force--nothing to boast of, when you have it, since your strength is just an accident arising from the weakness of others. They grabbed what they could get for the sake of what was to be got. It was just robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind --as is very proper for those who tackle a darkness. The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much. What redeems it is the idea only. An idea at the back of it; not a sentimental pretense but an idea; and an unselfish belief in the idea--something you can set up, and bow down before, and offer a sacrifice to. . . )
之後第五頁船長馬洛馬不停蹄又說出一段話。那批羅馬人一腳踏入陌生的黑暗之中,神秘的黑暗之中,逐漸地,眼睛什麽就都看不見了,心裏也慢慢地變得暗黑了,野蠻殘忍,於是人跟黑暗完美地融為一體。這些早期的羅馬人說是文明人,但是踏入英格蘭之後盡幹些黑暗的事,給原始愚鈍的英格蘭本土人帶來了無盡的痛苦與憂傷。不過風水輪流轉,如今的大不列顛人也搖身一變,重複著當年羅馬人的所作所為,一個升級後的版本,用更有效能的辦法,走向地球更遠端其它更多的地方,把更多的痛苦和憂傷施加到更多的他人身上。完全忘記了當年自己身上的那些痛苦與憂傷。
時間永遠向前,曆史不停上下拍合,轉著大大長長的圈圈,從原始森林邁到文明城市,人性也在轉變,隻是轉變向何方?更文明嗎?少數還是多數?能全部嗎?“己所不欲,勿施於人。”2500年前一位東方偉人認真地說。隻是這世界變得越來越健忘,反之道而行之,“俺之所以叫你做就是因為俺不願做,俺做不到,否則幹嘛找你?用你要花錢的,難道罵一下不應該嗎?”歧視侮辱人現在依舊存在著,不同的形式而已。
曆史不正是這樣嗎,果然讓人憂傷。
嚐試翻譯如下:
“注意聽我說,我們是沒法子感同身受的,誰也做不到。因為我們現在的效能可強太多了——多虧人類對效能孜孜不倦的追求。雖然效能差,可是當時這幫家夥們不講什麽道理的,真的這樣。他們不是真正的殖民者來管教人的,我個人強烈懷疑他們的管理水平,因為基礎素質基本為零。他們應該被稱為征服者,你隻要有力氣夠殘暴就能報名加入——這其實沒啥值得炫耀的,一個人有這個能力,並不是因為他夠強大,而是恰恰巧他對上了某些人的弱點,那些人沒力氣不夠殘暴而已。他們這些鳥人啊,想搶什麽就玩兒命似的去搶。純粹基於暴力在搶劫,大範圍內殺戮永不停歇,在這裏每個人的眼睛慢慢地就啥都看不見了,瞎了啊——不過對這些整天想著怎麽對付黑暗的人來說,睜眼瞎倒挺搭配他們的。征服整個地球,大多數情況下,還不就是把它搶過來的意思?從那些跟自己外貌不一樣,可能鼻子更扁平的人手裏麵?如果你仔細揣摩一下,這絕對不是什麽好事善事。事後後悔想贖罪也隻能存在一個想法,馬後炮,就算出於真實的情感也沒法子補償到,隻能作為一個想法而已。如果這人的想法還殘存著信念,正直無私的信念——那麽你不妨這樣去操作,自己親自安排一下,去他們的墳前低個頭鞠個躬,獻上個祭品啥的,絕對能行。”
物欲占先的時代,內心的寧靜委實不易,算進化還是暫時的回流?哈哈說多了。
川姐多寫文,多交流罷。或許這樣有助於保持寧靜。:)