下麵這幾個馬利亞裏麵的一個或兩個,也可能這幾個名稱中有些是同一個人:馬利亞(Mary of Clopas),馬利亞(Salome),馬利亞(Mary, mother of James),馬利亞(Mother of the sons of Zebedee),馬利亞(A sister of Mary, mother of Jesus)
(severely damaged painting) Mystic Crucifixion / Saint Mary Magdalene at the Foot of the Cross / Crucifixion with the Penitent Magdalen and an Angel, c. 1497, by Sandro Botticelli (1444-1510)
Crucifixion, c. 1540, by Michelangelo (1475-1564)
Top: INRI = (Latin) Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum = Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews
Middle: Two Angles weeping for Jesus
Bottom: (from left) Mary mother of Jesus, Mary Magdalene, John the Apostle
在十字架上,耶穌說過七句話:
「父啊,赦免他們!因為他們所做的他們不曉得。」
(對兩個犯人中懺悔的那一個)「我實在告訴你:今日你要同我在樂園裏了!」
(對母親)「母親,看,你的兒子!」,(對約翰)「看,你的母親!」
「我的神!我的神!為什麽離棄我?」
「我渴了。」
「成了!」
「父啊,我將我的靈魂交在你手裏!」
The Mond Crucifixion, c.1502-3, by Raphael (1483-1520), National Gallery.
Top: INRI = (Latin) Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum = Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews
Bottom: (from left) Mary mother of Jesus, Saint Jerome, Mary Magdalene, John the Apostle
Crucifixion, 1558, by Titian (1490–1576), San Domenico, Italy
Top: INRI = (Latin) Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum = Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews
Bottom: (from left) Mary mother of Jesus, Saint Dominic, John the Apostle
底比斯的希坡律圖(Hippolytus of Thebes)是公元七世紀(c.650AD)的曆史學者。根據他的記載,耶穌在 AD 30 受難,使徒約翰在耶路撒冷用父親的遺產買了一個房子,把聖母瑪利亞安置在那裏。瑪利亞在那裏住了十一年,一直到 AD 41 去世。
至於耶穌為什麽要把母親托付給門徒約翰,而不是弟弟雅各(James, brother of Jesus),通常的解釋是這樣的:一般認為雅各是在耶穌死後才信主的,而且行刑這天雅各沒來,而且約翰是耶穌最愛的門徒。
Le coup de lance, c.1620, by Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640), Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp, Belgium
Bottom Right: (from left) Mary Magdalene, John the Apostle, Mary mother of Jesus, Mary
What Our Lord Saw from the Cross (1886-1894), by James Tissot (French, 1836-1902)