德國學校毒品犯罪增多

德國學校毒品犯罪增多

https://www.dw.com/en/german-schools-seeing-more-drug-offenses/a-37242714Carla Bleiker

2017 年 1 月 23 日

與 2011 年相比，2015 年一些州的毒品相關犯罪數量增加了一倍，另一些州則增加了三倍。學校正在以各種方式解決這一問題，但專家強調，預防工作不能僅靠教師的努力。

無論是數學和曆史的結合，還是向同學出售毒品——自 2011 年以來，德國學校的毒品犯罪數量大幅增加。德國 16 個州報告的大多數案件都涉及大麻，但也有一些犯罪行為與大麻有關。 海洛因和冰毒。

在南部巴登-符騰堡州，校園內的毒品犯罪數量幾乎增加了兩倍，從 2011 年的 348 起增加到 2015 年的 939 起。在德國人口最多的北萊茵-威斯特法倫州，犯罪數量更多 2015 年，此類案件從 443 起增加到 897 起，增加了一倍多。在東部薩克森州，2015 年報告的案件數量也增加了一倍，達到 128 起。其中近 10% 涉及危險的甲基苯丙胺冰毒。

不過，漢斯-尤爾根·霍爾曼警告說，不要隻看表麵數據。 霍爾曼是 Ginko 基金會的協調主任，該基金會致力於北萊茵-威斯特法倫州的青少年谘詢和毒品預防領域。

“從 2011 年到 2012 年，舉報的犯罪行為有所增加，”霍爾曼告訴德國之聲。 “這提高了人們的認識並啟動了預防計劃，從那時起，數字基本上保持穩定。”

預防：持續對話

德國教師工會 VBE 主席烏多·貝克曼 (Udo Beckmann) 表示，正在采取大量措施引導學生遠離毒品。

貝克曼告訴德國之聲：“我們正在密切關注學校周圍發生的事情，比如毒販在校舍外向孩子們出售毒品，我們與警方密切合作。” “在學校裏，預防是課程計劃的一部分。教師不僅僅在一次性的特殊課堂上談論它；隻要它與他們與學生討論的其他問題相關，他們就會提出它。”

雖然這將是理想的情況，但倡導者批評許多學校沒有足夠的時間或金錢用於預防毒品。 非政府組織“禁毒權力”(KMDD) 正在提供有關毒品和預防主題的研討會、領導力訓練營和教師教育。 所有這些都是免費的，學校隻需注冊即可。

KMDD 的桑德拉·海恩茲爾 (Sandra Hainzl) 告訴德國之聲：“問題在於，許多學校認為這個問題可以在兩個課時內解決和解決，但事實並非如此。” “在許多學校，老師不能花更多的時間在這上麵，因為他們麵臨時間壓力，需要完成清單上的所有內容。需要改變的是課程計劃。僅在問題出現時才處理成癮預防問題是致命的 方法。”

不同角度看待毒品危險

北萊茵-威斯特法倫州學校和教育部發言人告訴德國之聲，毒品預防是健康教育的一部分。 學生在生物學、化學、德語和社會科學等多個學科中了解這個問題。 除了常規課程計劃外，教師還可以從聯邦健康教育中心訂購材料或與其他團體合作。

Ginko 基金會就是其中之一。 除了為教師提供研討會外，該非政府組織還組織學生參觀毒品預防中心、診所、自助小組和警察局。

Drogenpräventionsprojekt“革命列車”

作為 2016 年預防計劃的一部分，薩克森州的學生參觀了這座吸毒者公寓的重建圖片：dpa “我們的目標是展示吸毒帶來的許多不同問題，”霍爾曼說。 “然後學生們可以自己反思。”

讓家長參與進來

貝克曼和海因茨爾都同意，預防不能僅僅由學校和教師負責，家長也發揮著重要作用。

海因茨爾說：“他們常常沒有意識到自己在多大程度上以身作則。”

她強調，學校有效的預防計劃需要一個結構化的計劃，並且應該從為家長舉辦的信息之夜開始。 海因茲爾說，涉及青少年生活的越多方麵，預防就越成功——這就是為什麽將信息傳播到學生家裏很重要。

各州報告的大多數毒品犯罪都涉及 14 歲及以上的學生。 在那個年齡段，他們當然不僅受到父母和老師的影響，還受到朋友的影響。

More drug offenses at German schools

https://www.dw.com/en/german-schools-seeing-more-drug-offenses/a-37242714Carla Bleiker

January 23, 2017

2015 saw the number of drug-related offenses double in some states and triple in others compared to 2011. Schools are tackling the issue in various ways, but experts stress that prevention can't be up to teachers alone.

Whether it's rolling a joint between math and history or selling some dope to a classmate - the number of drug offenses in German schools has greatly increased since 2011. Most of the cases reported by the 16 German states involve cannabis, but some offenses are also related to heroin and crystal meth.

In the southern state of Baden-Wurttemberg, the number of drug offenses on school premises has almost tripled from 348 cases in 2011 to 939 cases in 2015. In North Rhine-Westphalia, the German state with the biggest population, the number of offenses more than doubled from 443 cases to 897 in 2015. In the eastern state of Saxony, numbers also doubled to 128 cases reported in 2015. Almost 10 percent of them involved the dangerous methamphetamine crystal meth.

Hans-Jürgen Hallmann has warned of taking the numbers at face value, though. Hallmann is director of coordination at the Ginko Foundation, which works in the fields of youth counseling and drug prevention in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

"There was an increase in reported offenses from 2011 to 2012," Hallmann told DW. "That increased awareness and jump-started prevention programs, and since then the numbers have been mostly stable."

Prevention: an ongoing conversation

Udo Beckmann, head of the German teachers' union VBE, said that a lot was being done to steer students away from drugs.

"We're paying close attention to what is going on around the schools, like dealers selling drugs to kids just outside school premises, and we have a close cooperation with police," Beckmann told DW. "Inside the schools, prevention is part of the lesson plan. Teachers don't just talk about it in a one-off special class; they bring it up whenever it relates to other issues they're discussing with students."

While this would be the ideal case, advocates criticize that many schools don't have enough time or money to spend on drug prevention. The NGO No Power to Drugs (KMDD) is offering workshops, leadership camps and teachers' education on the topics of drugs and prevention. All of this is free, and schools simply have to register.

"The problem is that many schools believe the issue can be covered and checked off in two class periods, which is simply not the case," Sandra Hainzl from KMDD told DW. "In many schools, teachers can't spend more time on it, because they're under time pressure to get through everything on their list. It's the lesson plans that need changing. Dealing with addiction prevention only when a problem arises is a fatal approach."

Different angles on drugs danger

In North Rhine-Westphalia, drug prevention is taught as part of health education, a spokeswoman for the School and Education Ministry told DW. Students learn about the issue in a variety of subjects, such as biology, chemistry, German and social sciences. In addition to the regular lesson plans, teachers can also order material from the Federal Centre for Health Education or cooperate with other groups.

One of these groups is the Ginko Foundation. In addition to offering teachers' seminars, the NGO organizes student visits to drug prevention centers, clinics, self-help groups and police stations.

Drogenpräventionsprojekt "Revolution-Train"

Students in Saxony visited this recreation of a drug addict's apartment as part of a prevention program in 2016Image: dpa "Our goal is to show the many different problems that come with taking drugs," Hallmann said. "Then the students can reflect on that themselves."

Getting the parents involved

Both Beckmann and Hainzl agree that prevention cannot be solely the responsibility of schools and teachers, and that parents also play a big part.

"They often don't realize how much they lead by example," Hainzl said.

She emphasized that effective prevention programs at school involved a structured plan and should start with an info night for parents. The more aspects of the teens' lives were involved, the more successful prevention could be - that's why it was important that the message carried over into the students' homes, Hainzl said.

Most of the drug offenses the states reported involved students who were 14 years and older. At that age, they're not just influenced by parents and teachers, of course, but also by their friends.