風蕭蕭_Frank
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批評人士譴責基辛格是“戰犯”，白宮對基辛格采取謹慎態度
https://www.axios.com/2023/11/30/henry-kissinger-reactions-war-criminal
作者：Zachary Basu，Axios Sneak Peek 的作者
前國務卿亨利·基辛格——可以說是美國最著名、最具爭議性的外交官——的去世引發了美國現任和前任官員的強烈緬懷、尊重和厭惡。
進展情況：周三晚上基辛格去世的消息傳出近24小時後，拜登總統發表聲明讚揚基辛格的“敏銳智慧”，但指出“我們經常不同意。而且經常是強烈的”。
拜登在聲明中表示，他永遠不會忘記作為年輕參議員時收到基辛格的第一次簡報。 拜登政府的一些成員，包括國務卿托尼·布林肯，繼續尋求基辛格的建議。
但基辛格去年告訴《紐約郵報》，拜登是自他擔任理查德·尼克鬆國家安全顧問以來唯一一位沒有邀請他入主白宮的總統。
在周四下午與安哥拉總統舉行的雙邊會晤中，拜登拒絕回應多名記者有關基辛格去世的問題。
為什麽重要：基辛格對美國曆史和外交政策的影響不容小覷，“無論你是否同意他的觀點”，白宮國家安全委員會成員約翰·柯比在今天的新聞發布會上被問及基辛格去世一事時小心翼翼地回答道。
布林肯在以色列對記者說，基辛格“為從事這項工作的每個人設定了標準”。
“我很榮幸多次得到他的建議，包括大約一個月前的一次。他非常慷慨地表達了自己的智慧和建議，”布林肯補充道，他指的是基辛格繼續擔任美國精英的知己和朋友。 即使在他年老時。
他們所說的是：曆史學家、進步人士和那些遭受基辛格政策（包括美國支持的政變和轟炸行動）後果的國家的代表們可沒這麽友善。
前奧巴馬副國家安全顧問說：“對於世界上的大部分地區，（基辛格）的心態傳達了美國經常向自己的邊緣化人群傳達的殘酷信息：我們關心的是我們自己的民主，而不是他們的民主。” 本·羅茲在《紐約時報》上撰文。
智利駐美國大使胡安·加布裏埃爾·瓦爾德斯在推特上寫道：“一個人去世了，他的曆史光輝從未掩蓋過他深刻的道德苦難。”
資深戰爭罪檢察官裏德·布羅迪告訴 The Intercept，“在世界上如此之多的地方，很少有人像亨利·基辛格那樣參與了如此多的死亡和破壞，以及如此多的人類苦難”。
底線是：“有多少他的歌頌者會努力了解他在越南、柬埔寨、老撾、孟加拉國、智利、阿根廷、東帝汶、塞浦路斯和其他地方的全部記錄？” 普林斯頓大學教授加裏·巴斯 (Gary J. Bass) 在《大西洋月刊》上撰文。
“令人不安的問題是，為什麽美國上流社會的許多人如此願意寵愛他，而不是誠實地麵對他的所作所為。”
國務卿安東尼·布林肯和以色列總統艾薩克·赫爾佐格會麵前
安東尼·布林肯，國務卿
大衛洲際酒店
以色列特拉維夫
2023 年 11 月 30 日
赫爾佐格總統：早上好，國務卿先生。 歡迎再次來到以色列。
不幸的是，就在我們現在開會時，我國首都耶路撒冷入口處發生嚴重恐怖襲擊，造成人員傷亡。 兩名恐怖分子襲擊了等待被接去上班的無辜平民。 我們有人員傷亡，我們（聽不清）失去了生命，我要向家屬表示衷心的哀悼，當然還要祈禱傷者迅速康複。 這是我們所處局勢的另一個例子，在這個非常複雜和充滿挑戰的時代，我們正在與恐怖組織，特別是哈馬斯進行無休止的戰爭。
我感謝你來到這裏。 一如既往，你一直表達了美國、總統、政府的支持，我必須說，代表廣大美國人民。 所以我非常感謝你。 我們正在努力、祈禱並要求立即釋放所有人質，我感謝美利堅合眾國為釋放人質所做的巨大工作。 加沙仍有約150名人質落入哈馬斯手中。
我想談談比巴斯一家的困境，兩個年幼的孩子——10個月大的嬰兒，四歲的女孩，當然還有她的父母——他們在哪裏——我們不知道他們的下落，我們 要求立即釋放他們。
很明顯，幼兒將與他們的母親一起被釋放，並希望盡快與他們的父親一起被釋放。
很明顯，幼兒將與他們的母親一起被釋放，並希望盡快與他們的父親一起被釋放。
最後，國務卿先生，您正在追隨一位巨人、泰坦——亨利·基辛格博士——的腳步，他今晚平靜地離開了我們。 我們是亨利·基辛格的崇拜者，他為自己的許多偉大決定和他領導的進程奠定了基礎，這些決定和進程帶來了我們今天所感受到的結果，和平的結果。 他奠定了和平協議的基石，該協議後來與埃及以及世界各地的許多其他進程簽署。 我很崇拜亨利·基辛格。 在我們最後一次談話中，他在結束通話時說道：總統先生，請知道我一直熱愛、欽佩和支持以色列國。 所以我一直感受到他對以色列的愛和同情以及他對猶太國家的信仰。 謝謝你，早上好。
布林肯國務卿：好的，謝謝你，總統先生。 這是我自10月7日以來第四次訪問以色列。 正如你所說，今天在耶路撒冷發生的事件再次提醒我們，以色列和以色列人每天都麵臨著恐怖主義的威脅。 和你們一樣，我的心與這次襲擊的受害者同在。 我相信有一個人失去了生命——
赫爾佐格總統：現在可能是三點了。
布林肯國務卿：（聽不清）可能多達三個。 我們正在想念他們； 我們關心他們的家人、他們的親人。 我們哀悼他們的逝去，就像我們哀悼任何無辜生命的逝去一樣。
從第一天起，我們就一直致力於確保加沙、哈馬斯釋放人質。 上周我們看到人質回家、與家人團聚的積極進展，這種情況今天應該會繼續下去。 它還使向加沙急需的無辜平民提供的人道主義援助大幅增加。 所以這個過程正在產生結果，這很重要，我們希望它能夠繼續下去。 與此同時，我期待與以色列政府就加沙的未來進行詳細對話。 美國堅定支持以色列自衛的權利，並努力確保 10 月 7 日事件不再發生。
您注意到亨利·基辛格的去世。 基辛格國務卿確實為從事這項工作的每個人樹立了標準。 我很榮幸多次得到他的建議，包括一個月前的一次。 他的智慧和建議非常慷慨。 很少有人比亨利·基辛格更擅長曆史研究，在塑造曆史方麵做出更多貢獻的人更少。 謝謝。
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亨利·基辛格複雜的遺產引起了全球的欽佩和蔑視
https://toronto.citynews.ca/2023/11/29/death-of-henry-kissinger-met-with-polarized-reaction-around-the-world/
文件 - 2007 年 1 月 31 日，前國務卿亨利·基辛格（左）在華盛頓國會山與參議院外交關係委員會主席、特拉華州民主黨參議員約瑟夫·拜登進行會談，隨後基辛格就伊拉克問題在委員會作證。 基辛格是一位戴著厚厚眼鏡、聲音沙啞的外交官，在美國從越南撤軍並打破與中國的壁壘時主導了外交政策，他於 2023 年 11 月 29 日星期三去世。享年 100 歲。（美聯社照片/蘇珊·沃爾什， 文件）AP2007
福斯特·克盧格和蓋爾·莫爾森，美聯社
2023年11月29日 2023年11月30日更新
東京（美聯社）——周四，美國前國務卿亨利·基辛格的去世引起了世界各地政治領導人的欽佩和蔑視，突顯了基辛格關於冷戰期間什麽是為美國利益服務以及如何服務的複雜觀點。 國家應該發揮自己的影響力。
基辛格周三去世，享年 100 歲，他是美國最有權勢的外交官之一。 在理查德·尼克鬆和傑拉爾德·福特總統任職期間，他以帶來突破的方式製定了國家的外交政策，包括實現美中關係正常化和推進與蘇聯的緩和。
但在基辛格任職期間，美國也忽視了其他國家殘暴政權的崛起，批評者認為他的做法違背了民主理想，給全世界留下了持久的損害。
第一次見到基辛格時擔任美國參議員的總統喬·拜登說：“在我們的職業生涯中，我們經常意見不一致。 而且常常很強烈。 但從第一次簡報來看，他敏銳的智慧和深刻的戰略重點是顯而易見的。”
美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯是幾十年來一直尋求基辛格建議的人之一，他說：“今天擔任美國首席外交官，就是要經曆一個帶有亨利持久印記的世界——從他建立的關係，到與美國的關係。” 他開創的工具，以及他建造的架構。”
布林肯的語氣得到了其他人的響應，包括前總統喬治·W·布什、英國前首相托尼·布萊爾、日本首相岸田文雄、中國國家主席習近平和歐盟委員會主席烏蘇拉·馮德萊恩。
美國國家安全委員會發言人約翰·柯比稱他的去世是“巨大的損失”。
“這是一個人——無論你是否同意他的觀點，無論你是否持有相同的觀點——他在第二次世界大戰中勇敢地穿著軍裝，並在之後的幾十年裏服役，我們都可以對此表示感激和讚賞，隻是 公共服務，”他說。
對於一些人來說，這種影響導致了關係的改善，例如基辛格的外交幫助結束了 1973 年以色列擊退埃及和敘利亞的中東戰爭。
以色列總統艾薩克·赫爾佐格稱讚基辛格奠定了“後來與埃及簽署的和平協議的基石，以及我欽佩的世界各地許多其他進程”。
許多中國人在社交媒體上哀悼基辛格的去世。 國家電視台中央電視台分享了一段老片段，顯示他1971年首次秘密訪問中國，當時他提出了建立美中關係的可能性，並會見了當時的總理周恩來。
但在整個南美洲，基辛格被認為是幫助支持血腥軍事獨裁的關鍵人物。 文件顯示基辛格和尼克鬆支持 1973 年推翻智利總統薩爾瓦多·阿連德的政變。 隨後是奧古斯托·皮諾切特將軍的獨裁統治，繼續侵犯人權、謀殺對手、取消選舉、限製媒體、鎮壓工會和解散政黨。
智利駐美國大使胡安·加布裏埃爾·瓦爾德斯（Juan Gabriel Valdes）在 X（以前稱為 Twitter）上寫道：“一個人去世了，他的曆史光輝從未掩蓋過他深刻的道德苦難。” 智利左翼總統加布裏埃爾·博裏奇轉發了這一消息。
美國眾議員吉姆·麥戈文在 X 上發布了悼念活動，悼念“亨利·基辛格在智利、越南、阿根廷、東帝汶、柬埔寨和孟加拉國等國家發動的可怕暴力，摧毀了所有人的生命”。 麥戈文還寫道，他從來不明白為什麽人們尊敬基辛格。
記者伊麗莎白·貝克爾 (Elizabeth Becker) 表示，基辛格還“不經意地延長和擴大”越南戰爭和轟炸柬埔寨，“象征著他在聲稱支持美國民主時的無情虛偽”。她在 1975 年紅色高棉接管之前報道過柬埔寨，也是 《戰爭結束時：柬埔寨和紅色高棉革命》的作者。
“那又是為了什麽呢？ 最終，共產主義沒有倒下多米諾骨牌。 共產主義越南入侵的唯一國家是共產主義柬埔寨，以推翻波爾布特，”貝克爾說。
在非洲，基辛格的遺產將永遠與他 1976 年對種族隔離時代南非的正式訪問聯係在一起，就在幾個月前，該政權的警察在索韋托起義中殺害了 170 多名黑人抗議者，其中大多數是學童。
當時，美國與南非結盟，作為冷戰期間抵禦蘇聯在非洲影響力的緩衝區。 約翰內斯堡威特沃特斯蘭德大學國際關係教授約翰·斯特倫勞表示，基辛格認為南非“隻是冷戰遊戲中的一個棋局”。
盡管基辛格竭盡全力阻止蘇聯影響力的擴大，損害美國的利益，但俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾·普京(Vladimir Putin)卻對基辛格的遺產表示讚賞。
普京在給基辛格妻子南希的一封信中表示，他是“一位明智而有遠見的政治家”，他的名字“與務實的外交政策路線有著千絲萬縷的聯係，這一度使國際緊張局勢的緩和成為可能” 並達成有助於加強全球安全的最重要的蘇美協議。”
___
莫爾森從柏林報道。 世界各地的美聯社記者為本報告做出了貢獻。
福斯特·克盧格和蓋爾·莫爾森，美聯社
White House treads careful line on Kissinger as critics decry "war criminal"
https://www.axios.com/2023/11/30/henry-kissinger-reactions-war-criminal
By Zachary Basu, author of Axios Sneak Peek
State of play: Nearly 24 hours after news of Kissinger's passing broke on Wednesday night, President Biden put out a statement praising Kissinger's "fierce intellect" but noting that "we often disagreed. And often strongly."
- Biden said in the statement that he'd never forget receiving his first briefing from Kissinger as a young senator. Some members of Biden's administration, including Secretary of State Tony Blinken, continued to seek out Kissinger's counsel.
- But Kissinger told the New York Post last year that Biden was the only president — dating back to his time as Richard Nixon's national security adviser — who had not invited him to the White House.
- During a bilateral meeting with the president of Angola Thursday afternoon, Biden had declined to respond to multiple reporters' questions about Kissinger's death.
Why it matters: Kissinger's impact on American history and foreign policy cannot be overstated "whether you agreed with him or not," White House National Security Council John Kirby carefully responded when asked about his death at a press briefing today.
- Kissinger "set the standard for everyone who followed in this job," Blinken told reporters in Israel.
- "I was very privileged to get his counsel many times, including as recently as about a month ago. He was extraordinarily generous with his wisdom, with his advice," Blinken added, referring to Kissinger's continued role as a confidant and friend to American elites even in his old age.
- Screenshot via X
- What they're saying: Historians, progressives and representatives of countries who suffered from the consequences of Kissinger's policies — including U.S.-backed coups and bombing campaigns — were not so kind.
- "[F]or huge swaths of the world, [Kissinger's] mind-set carried a brutal message that America has often conveyed to its own marginalized populations: We care about democracy for us, not for them," former Obama deputy national security adviser Ben Rhodes wrote in the New York Times.
- "A man has died whose historical brilliance never managed to conceal his profound moral misery," tweeted Chile's Ambassador to the U.S. Juan Gabriel Valdes.
- There are "few people who have had a hand in as much death and destruction, as much human suffering, in so many places around the world as Henry Kissinger," veteran war crimes prosecutor Reed Brody told The Intercept.
The bottom line: "How many of his eulogists will grapple with his full record in Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Bangladesh, Chile, Argentina, East Timor, Cyprus, and elsewhere?" Princeton professor Gary J. Bass wrote in The Atlantic.
- "The uncomfortable question is why much of American polite society was so willing to dote on him, rather than honestly confronting what he did."
Secretary Antony J. Blinken And Israeli President Isaac Herzog Before Their Meeting
https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-and-israeli-president-isaac-herzog-before-their-meeting-7/
REMARKS
ANTONY J. BLINKEN, SECRETARY OF STATE
DAVID INTERCONTINENTAL HOTEL
TEL AVIV, ISRAEL
NOVEMBER 30, 2023
PRESIDENT HERZOG: Good morning, Mr. Secretary. Welcome to Israel again.
Unfortunately, as we are meeting now, there are casualties in a serious terror attack in the entrance to Jerusalem, our capital. Two terrorists have attacked innocent civilians waiting for to be picked up to go on their day’s work. And we have casualties, we (inaudible) loss of life, and I would like to express my heartfelt condolences to the families, and of course to pray for the swift recovery of the wounded. This is another example of the situation we’re in, the endless war that we are fighting against terror organizations, especially Hamas, in these very complicated and challenging times.
I thank you for coming here. As always, you’ve been expressing the support of the United States, the President, administration, and I must say, on behalf of the American people at large. So I thank you very much. We are working and praying and demanding the immediate release of all the hostages, and I thank the United States of America for the immense work it is devoting to the release of the hostages. There are still around 150 hostages who are there in Hamas hands in Gaza.
I would like to raise the plight of the Bibas family, the two young children – 10-months-old baby, four-years-old girl, and of course her parents – that where – their whereabouts are unknown to us, and we are demanding their immediate release. It was obvious that little toddlers will be released with their mother and hopefully with their father as soon as possible.
And finally, Mr. Secretary, you are following in the footsteps of a giant, a titan – Dr. Henry Kissinger – who has left us peacefully tonight. We are big admirers of Henry Kissinger, who laid down the foundations of so many great decisions of his and processes which he has led, which has brought results that we feel until today, peaceful results. He laid the cornerstone of the peace agreement, which were later signed with Egypt, and so many other processes around the world. I admired Henry Kissinger. In our last conversation, he ended the call by saying: Mr. President, please know I’ve always loved and admired and supported the State of Israel. And so I always felt his love and compassion for Israel and his belief in the Jewish state. Thank you and good morning.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: Well, thank you, Mr. President. This is my fourth visit Israel since October 7th. And as you said, we’re reminded yet again by the events in Jerusalem today of the threat from terrorism that Israel and Israelis face every single day. And like you, my heart goes out to the victims of this attack. I believe one person lost life —
PRESIDENT HERZOG: It may be three now.
SECRETARY BLINKEN: — (inaudible) maybe as many as three. We’re thinking of them; we’re thinking of their families, their loved ones. And we mourn their loss just as we mourn the loss of any innocent life.
From day one, we have been focused relentlessly on trying to secure the release of hostages from Gaza, from Hamas. And we have seen over the last week the very positive development of hostages coming home, being reunited with their families, and that should continue today. It’s also enabled a significant increase in humanitarian assistance to go to innocent civilians in Gaza who need it desperately. So this process is producing results, it’s important, and we hope that it can continue. At the same time, I look forward to detailed conversations with the Government of Israel about the way ahead in Gaza. The United States firmly supports Israel in its right to defend itself and to try to ensure that October 7th never happens again.
You noted the passing of Henry Kissinger. Secretary Kissinger really set the standard for everyone who followed in this job. I was very privileged to get his counsel many times, including as recently as about a month ago. He was extraordinarily generous with his wisdom, with his advice. Few people were better students of history – even fewer people did more to shape history – than Henry Kissinger. Thank you.
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Henry Kissinger's complicated legacy draws admiration and scorn from across the globe
FILE - Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, left, talks with Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Sen. Joseph Biden, D-Del., on Capitol Hill in Washington, Jan. 31, 2007, prior to Kissinger testifying before the committee about Iraq. Kissinger, the diplomat with the thick glasses and gravelly voice who dominated foreign policy as the United States extricated itself from Vietnam and broke down barriers with China, died Wednesday, Nov. 29, 2023. He was 100. (AP Photo/Susan Walsh, File) AP2007
By Foster Klug And Geir Moulson, The Associated Press
Nov 29, 2023 Updated Nov30, 2023
TOKYO (AP) — The death of former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger drew both admiration and scorn Thursday from political leaders around the world, highlighting the complicated legacy of Kissinger’s views about what it meant to serve America’s interests during the Cold War — and how the country should exert its influence.
Kissinger, who died Wednesday at 100, was one of America’s most powerful diplomats. During his years serving under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford, he shaped the country’s foreign policy in ways that led to breakthroughs, including normalizing U.S.-China relations and advancing detente with the Soviet Union.
But during Kissinger’s tenure the U.S. also overlooked the rise of brutal regimes in other countries, and critics argue his approach ran counter to democratic ideals and left lasting damage throughout the world.
President Joe Biden, who was a U.S. senator when he first met Kissinger, said, “Throughout our careers, we often disagreed. And often strongly. But from that first briefing — his fierce intellect and profound strategic focus was evident.”
U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken, who was among those who sought out Kissinger’s counsel through the decades, said that “to serve as America’s chief diplomat today is to move through a world that bears Henry’s lasting imprint — from the relationships he forged, to the tools he pioneered, to the architecture he built.”
Blinken’s tone was echoed by others, including former President George W. Bush, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, China’s President Xi Jinping and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen.
U.S. National Security Council spokesman John Kirby called his passing a “huge loss.”
“This was a man — whether you agreed with him or not, whether you hold the same views or not — he served in World War II, bravely in uniform, and for decades afterward, which we can all be grateful for and appreciate, just the public service,” he said.
For some, that impact led to improved relations, such as when Kissinger’s diplomacy helped end the 1973 Mideast war where Israel fought off Egypt and Syria.
Israeli President Isaac Herzog praised Kissinger for laying “the cornerstone of the peace agreement, which (was) later signed with Egypt, and so many other processes around the world I admire.”
Many in China mourned Kissinger’s passing on social media. State broadcaster CCTV shared an old segment showing his first secret visit to China in 1971, when he broached the possibility of establishing U.S.-China relations and met then-Premier Zhou Enlai.
But across South America, Kissinger is remembered as a key figure who helped prop up bloody military dictatorships. Documents have shown Kissinger’s and Nixon’s support for the 1973 coup that deposed Chilean President Salvador Allende. That was followed by Gen. Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship, which went on to violate human rights, murder opponents, cancel elections, restrict the media, suppress labor unions and disband political parties.
“A man has died whose historical brilliance never managed to conceal his profound moral misery,” Chile’s ambassador to the United States, Juan Gabriel Valdes, wrote on X, formerly known as Twitter. Chile’s leftist President Gabriel Boric reposted the message.
U.S. Rep. Jim McGovern posted a remembrance on X for “all the lives Henry Kissinger destroyed with terrible violence he unleashed in countries like Chile, Vietnam, Argentina, East Timor, Cambodia, and Bangladesh.” McGovern also wrote that he never understood why people revered Kissinger.
Kissinger also “heedlessly extended and expanded” the war in Vietnam and the bombing of Cambodia came to “symbolize his ruthless hypocrisy when claiming to support American democracy,” according to journalist Elizabeth Becker, who covered Cambodia before the 1975 Khmer Rouge takeover and is the author of “When the War was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution.”
“And to what end? Ultimately, no dominoes fell to communism. The only country communist Vietnam invaded was communist Cambodia to overthrow Pol Pot,” Becker said.
In Africa, Kissinger’s legacy will be forever linked for many to his official visit to apartheid-era South Africa in 1976, just months after the regime’s police killed more than 170 Black protesters, most of them schoolchildren, in the Soweto uprising.
At the time, the United States was allied with South Africa as a buffer against Soviet influence in Africa during the Cold War. Kissinger saw South Africa as “merely a gambit in the game of the Cold War,” said John Stremlau, a professor of international relations at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg.
For all his efforts to keep Soviet influence from expanding at the expense of the United States, among those lauding Kissinger’s legacy was Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Putin said in a message to Kissinger’s wife, Nancy, that he was “a wise and far-sighted statesman” and his name “is inextricably linked with a pragmatic foreign policy line, which at one time made it possible to achieve detente in international tensions and reach the most important Soviet-American agreements that contributed to the strengthening of global security.”
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Moulson reported from Berlin. AP journalists around the world contributed to this report.
Foster Klug And Geir Moulson, The Associated Press
