1800萬烏克蘭人被迫逃離家園

600萬烏難民湧歐洲惹怨 這2國收留最多

發布：2023年04月18日 11:04來源：聯合新聞網

俄烏戰爭爆發至今逾一年，據聯合國難民署（UNHCR）數據顯示，已有超過1800萬烏克蘭人被迫逃離家園，當中逾600萬人前往歐洲國家避難，造成歐洲自二戰以來最大的“難民危機“，歐洲各國的就業、醫療、住房、教育等壓力日增，民怨四起。

據大公報報導，收留烏克蘭難民最多的歐洲國家是波蘭，接收約156萬人；其次是德國的105萬人，捷克則收留48萬難民。波蘭首都華沙協助難民的國際救援委員會成員菲利浦表示，接收難民在像華沙這樣的城市很困難，因為早在戰事之前，這裏的房屋短缺和租金飆漲問題就很嚴重了。

隨著愈來愈多難民的湧入，歐洲多國的住房、教育、醫療等資源不斷被瓜分，當地民眾的情緒也因為房租飆升、職位和學位變少而不滿。有調查顯示，51%的德國人認為已接收太多的烏克蘭難民，德國“另類選擇”黨領袖甚至呼籲關閉邊境，稱德國的福利製度正麵臨“嚴重威脅”。

報導指出，英國為鼓勵民眾接收烏克蘭難民，向接收烏克蘭難民的個人或家庭、團體提供每月350英鎊（約433美元）的“感謝金”。然而，一些英國民眾表示，已出現多宗難民詐騙及偷竊案，有不肖人士在臉書上以配對接收家庭為由，試圖竊取對方的護照證件、個人詳細資料，通過盜用身分進行詐騙。

接收難民的歐洲民眾怨聲載道之際，大多數烏克蘭難民的日子也不好過。挪威難民委員會（NRC）一項調查顯示，約七成生活在波蘭、羅馬尼亞和摩爾多瓦的烏克蘭難民根本無力負擔食物、住宿和醫療等基本生活需求。

有專家表示，除了找工作、住房上的困難外，戰爭給這些難民帶來的身心創傷和語言障礙也讓他們更難融入異國生活。

歐洲安全與合作組織（OSCE）打擊人口販賣部門注意到，俄烏衝突開始後，將“伴遊”、“色情”、“性侵”的詞語加上“烏克蘭”的搜尋量激增600%。不法分子利用難民語言不通、害怕報警會影響居留申請的特點趁機犯案。

About the War in Ukraine

https://www.unrefugees.org/emergencies/ukraine/

UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency

The war in Ukraine began on February 24, 2022 following the Russian Federation’s invasion of the country. As a result of heavy shelling and fighting, an estimated 6 million people have been driven from their homes and are internally displaced and more than 8 million people have crossed into neighboring countries in the region including Poland, Hungary, Moldova and other countries across Europe. Poland has welcomed the greatest number of Ukrainian refugees, hosting nearly 60 percent of all refugees from Ukraine.

Missile and rocket attacks have caused widespread death, destruction of homes and businesses and severely damaged energy infrastructures across Ukraine. The energy crisis is disrupting public access to water, electricity, heating, healthcare, education and social protection. Many Ukrainians are living in damaged homes or in buildings ill-prepared for life-threatening freezing temperatures. As the war continues, humanitarian needs are multiplying and spreading. An estimated 17.6 million people in Ukraine will need humanitarian assistance in 2023. 

Particularly vulnerable groups include older people and people with disabilities who may be unable to flee from high-risk areas. Women and children, who make up approximately 90 percent of people fleeing the crisis, are at risk of gender-based violence and sexual exploitation and abuse. UNHCR is on the ground in Ukraine and across Europe ensuring basic and urgent needs are met. UNHCR and UNICEF have partnered together to establish 39 Blue Dots across eight different countries—one-stop safe spaces equipped to provide information, counseling, mental health and psychosocial support, legal aid and protection services for refugees. 

The war in Ukraine has caused ripple effects across the world—disrupting global supply chains and increasing the price of food, fuel and other commodities. Displaced people living in already vulnerable situations are at risk of gender-based violence and other forms of abuse. The UN Refugee Agency saw a $700 million funding gap in the first year of the war in Ukraine, putting great strain on operations in Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Iraq, Ethiopia and other countries in dire need of support. 

“Donors – governments, business, and private individuals – have been incredibly generous over the past year,” the UN High Commissioner for Refugees Filippo Grandi said concluding a six day visit to Ukraine in January 2023. “This must be sustained if we are to provide people with the support they urgently need today and for the coming year. I hope all our donors will continue to enable the response to these humanitarian needs.”