莎士比亞：凰鳩和鳴（傅正明譯）

傅正明譯著《莎士比亞的詩歌紀念碑》

（唐山出版社，2016）選載

 

William Shakespeare
The Phonix And The Turtle

威廉•莎士比亞
 
凰鳩和鳴 1
 
                傅正明譯
 
LET the bird of loudest lay,
On the sole Arabian tree,
Herald sad and trumpet be,
To whose sound chaste wings obey.
 
有鳴禽兮歌喉高亢無比， 
請高飛兮上獨秀之佳樹，2 
傳訃告兮奏角笳之哀樂， 
百鳥鳴兮皆相和而協律。
 
But thou shrieking harbinger,                                         5
Foul precurrer of the fiend,
Augur of the fever's end,
To this troop come thou not near!
 
惟梟鳥兮聲尖銳而刺耳， 
在魔道兮乃邪惡之使節， 
在冥土兮乃熱病之鬼使， 
請退避兮勿與殯儀為伍。 

From this session interdict
Every fowl of tyrant wing,                                          10
Save the eagle, feather'd king:
Keep the obsequy so strict.
 
凡猛禽兮借羽翼而跋扈， 
伸禁令兮不容趨近葬禮， 
惟雄鷹兮乃羽族之君主： 
請遙控兮促儀式之依序。 

Let the priest in surplice white,
That defunctive music can,
Be the death-divining swan,                                        15
Lest the requiem lack his right.
 
請牧師兮著白絨之法衣， 
奏聖樂兮配哀誄之詞曲， 
效天鵝兮起臨終之絕唱， 
為引領兮作彌撒之獻祭。 

And thou treble-dated crow,
That thy sable gender makest
With the breath thou givest and takest,
'Mongst our mourners shalt thou go.                                 20
 
請烏鴉兮示爾長壽之象， 
披喪服兮亮爾天賦之衣， 
氣吐納兮施舍即是受取，3
請飛來兮同我輩共追思。

Here the anthem doth commence:
Love and constancy is dead;
Phoenix and the turtle fled
In a mutual flame from hence.
 
哀辭起兮請君側耳細聽： 
悲愛情兮攜忠貞而生死； 
傷凰鳥兮與斑鳩之同行,
由此地兮化烈焰之冷灰。 

So they loved, as love in twain                                     25
Had the essence but in one;
Two distincts, division none:
Number there in love was slain.
 
憶兩情兮曾摯愛而比翼， 
常雙飛兮精髓合而為一； 
雖兩人兮無兩分之抵牾， 
二之為數兮引頸而就戮。4
 
Hearts remote, yet not asunder;
Distance, and no space was seen                                     30
'Twixt the turtle and his queen:
But in them it were a wonder.
 
心遠去兮兩心並未離散， 
路迢迢兮雲路不見間距，
影迷迷兮斑鳩攜其皇後， 
惟驚歎兮無人解此奇跡。 

So between them love did shine,
That the turtle saw his right
Flaming in the phoenix' sight;                                     35
Either was the other's mine.
 
羨兩情兮愛之光華閃現， 
鳩所見兮乃其摯愛所值， 
焰之光兮耀於凰之眼前，
他即我兮兩者無分彼此。 

Property was thus appalled,
That the self was not the same;
Single nature's double name
Neither two nor one was called.                                      40
 
事之怪兮物性竟然如此， 
理之乖兮自我並非同一， 
單為一兮單一卻有重名， 
二非二兮一二均難符實。 

Reason, in itself confounded,
Saw division grow together,
To themselves yet either neither,
Simple were so well compounded,
 
求名學兮問道理，
理自亂兮難詮釋， 
凰非凰兮鳩非鳩，5
單非單兮雙合一。 

That it cried, How true a twain                                     45
Seemeth this concordant one!
Love hath reason, reason none,
If what parts can so remain.
 
歎稀奇兮人詫異：
“名為二兮實為一！ 
愛有理兮理無理，
情之理兮亂難理。” 

Whereupon it made this threne
To the phoenix and the dove,                                       50
Co-supremes and stars of love,
As chorus to their tragic scene.
 
作挽歌兮緣於此， 
凰兮鳩兮和鳴時， 
天之星兮人之旗， 
何淒美兮一悲劇。 

Threnos
 
Beauty, truth, and rarity,
Grace in all simplicity,
Here enclosed, in cinders lie.                                    55
 
Death is now the phoenix' nest
And the turtle's loyal breast
To eternity doth rest,
 
Leaving no posterity:
'Twas not their infirmity,                                         60
It was married chastity.
 
Truth may seem, but cannot be:
Beauty brag, but 'tis not she;
Truth and beauty buried be.
 
To this urn let those repair                                       65
That are either true or fair
For these dead birds sigh a prayer.
 
亂曰（哀歌） 

美與真兮共珍奇與文秀， 
質本潔兮卻同化為劫灰。
 
悲凰巢兮思斑鳩之胸襟， 
此一去兮得永恒之安息。 

無後嗣兮非體弱之緣故， 
雖婚嫁兮童身如珪如璧。 

真為象兮不見本質之象， 
美多假兮傷真美之葬儀。
 
見骨甕兮有匡時之功效，
請默禱兮為離禽而噓唏。
 
譯注
 
1  詩題中的Phoenix 原本是埃及神話中的長生鳥，turtle不是指海龜，而是指斑鳩(turtledove)。詩題通譯為「鳳凰和斑鳩」，但漢語之鳳凰，雄曰鳳，雌曰凰。莎士比亞詩中的長生鳥是雌性「女皇」。詩中描繪渲染的理想之愛根植於柏拉圖式的精神戀愛或文藝複興時期的新柏拉圖主義的哲學，同時與基督教的人神合一的精神信仰有關。在更廣泛的意義上，它表現了通過愛來超越生死的可能性。然詩無達詁，寓意難以範限。在多種穿鑿附會的解釋中，流行的觀點是，凰是伊麗莎白女王一世的象征，鳩是羅伯特•德弗羅，艾塞克斯伯爵二世（Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex）的象征，這位伯爵因為發動一場未遂宮廷政變而被處死。原詩采用揚抑格4音步（trochaic tetrameter），前13節韻式為abba，後5節哀歌韻式為aaa。中譯騷體，韻式有變通。
2  此處原意為阿拉伯樹。“長生鳥”一詞，在希臘文中同時指棕櫚樹，因此有些英詩注家把它解讀為棕櫚樹。在中國神話中，鳳凰非梧桐不棲。 
3 古人認為烏鴉以喙交配和下蛋，呼吸“吐納”隱含交配和鳴之意。
4 有些數學家認為一不是一個數，合二為一，無異於殺死了“二”這個數之後就沒有數了。
5  這一行原文的意思是，（凰和鳩）兩者的每一方在這種合一的關係中都無法得到明確的表述，都不單純地作為其自身而存在了。