我行我素
清清白白做人，平平淡淡生活。
在現今社會，癌症已經成為一個常發病，多見病。對於不幸成為癌症患者的病人來說，治病和治療以後作為一個幸存者怎麽麵對不可預測的將來，怎麽重新安排生活，避免癌症複發，轉移是個非常現實的問題。
人們問得最多的是吃什麽和怎麽吃。坊間流傳的說法有許多。有說吃素，有說多吃胡蘿卜，更有甚者說要避免吃碳水化合物，餓死癌細胞。
為此，我查閱了美國一流的癌症治療中心-------休斯頓的MD Anderson研究中心。找到一篇有關癌症幸存者的營養指導文章。把它翻譯成中文，供大家參考。這是專家的觀點，應該會對癌症幸存者有所幫助。同樣對健康人群來說也有一定的啟發。
大多數癌症患者都對於治療感到高興，並且準備回到正常生活狀態。但是在興奮的同時，往往會對未來抱有一絲恐懼和憂慮。
事實是，完成癌症治療對患者而言並不一定意味著治療已經“完成”。展望未來，患者必須適應新常態並致力於更健康的生活方式，以增強力量和能量，並降低其複發風險。我們為患者設計的從癌症治療走向癌症幸存者的健康道路，重點是強調適當營養的重要性。
新的證據表明，在癌症診斷後避免體重增加可以降低複發風險，還可以預防其他一些慢性疾病。人們的目標應該是達到和/或維持體重指數（BMI）在19到25之間。通過適度運動和健康飲食，這對大多數人來說做到這些並不難。這是癌症幸存者需要為其長期健康所做出的承諾。
癌症幸存者的健康飲食指南
遵循這些指導原則，確保您作為一個癌症幸存者得到的最佳飲食。
多吃水果和蔬菜。每天至少食用五份水果和蔬菜，以獲取身體所需的維生素，礦物質，抗氧化劑和其他營養素，以抵禦炎症和疾病，其中包括癌症。研究表明，多吃蔬菜和水果的人患某些類型癌症的風險較低。
限製紅肉。將紅肉限製在每周三份或以下。選擇瘦肉，如雞肉，火雞和魚肉。並且，一定要避免燒焦的肉和加工過的肉。許多研究將紅肉與結直腸癌風險增加聯係起來。
選擇不飽和脂肪。用不飽和脂肪代替飽和脂肪和反式脂肪。用橄欖油做菜，用牛油果或堅果做小吃。請記住，不飽和脂肪的熱量可能很高，因此將每日總脂肪攝入量限製在總能量攝入量的30％以內。
大豆。食用天然豆製品，如豆腐或大豆粉，作為低飽和脂肪和高水果和蔬菜均衡飲食的一部分。但是，需要限製在每天隻吃一份大豆。
限製酒精。限製酒精攝入量每天少於一份或根本不攝入。越來越多的研究將許多類型的癌症與過多的酒精消費聯係起來。
癌症治療後與營養師會麵
我建議我的患者在完成癌症治療並過渡到生存期後，花時間與營養師會麵，並製定一份最適合他們的膳食計劃。如果您是MD安德森醫院的患者，請讓您的醫生或護士將您轉介給我們的營養師進行谘詢。健康之路真正是一次旅程，它包括許多旨在預防複發的生活方式改變。但是，從改變你對食物的了解並決定做出更好的選擇開始，你可能會發現更容易做出其他有利於健康的改變。
作者：MATTHEW BALLO，M.D。
MD Anderson
原文如下：
A healthier diet for cancer survivors
BY MATTHEW BALLO, M.D.
Most cancer patients are elated to complete their treatment and ready to get back to their normal routines. But along with the excitement, there is often some fear and apprehension about the future.
The fact is, completing cancer treatment doesn't necessarily mean a patient is "done." Going forward, it's imperative that patients adapt to a new normal and commit to a healthier lifestyle to build strength and energy, and to reduce their risk of recurrence. In our Road to Wellness program, which is designed to support patients as they transition from cancer treatment to cancer survivorship, we put a heavy emphasis on the importance of proper nutrition.
Emerging evidence shows that avoiding weight gain after a cancer diagnosis can reduce the risk of recurrence, as well as prevent a number of other chronic diseases. Your goal should be to achieve and/or maintain a Body Mass Index (BMI) of between 19 and 25. With moderate exercise and a healthy diet, that's not difficult for most people to achieve. It's a commitment cancer survivors need to make in the best interest of their long-term health.
Healthy diet guidelines for cancer survivors
Follow these guidelines to ensure you're eating the best diet for a cancer survivor.
Fill up on fruits and vegetables. Consume at least five servings of fruits and vegetables daily to get the vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other nutrients your body needs to fight off inflammation and diseases, including cancer. Studies suggest that people who eat more vegetables and fruits may have a lower risk for some types of cancer.
Limit red meat. Limit red meat to three or fewer servings per week. Opt for lean meats, like chicken, turkey and fish instead. And, be sure to avoid charred meat and processed meat. Many studies have linked red meat to an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
Opt for unsaturated fats. Replace saturated and trans fats with unsaturated fats. Cook in olive oil and snack on avocados and nuts. Keep in mind that unsaturated fats can be high in calories, so limit your daily total fat intake to less than 30 percent of your total energy intake.
Soy. Consume naturally occurring soy products such as tofu or soy flour as part of a balanced diet low in saturated fats and high in fruits and vegetables. However, limit yourself to one serving of soy per day.
Limit alcohol. Limit alcohol intake to less than one serving per day or none at all. Increasingly, studies are linking many types of cancer to too much alcohol consumption.
Meet with a dietitian after cancer treatment
I recommend that my patients, after completing their cancer treatment and transitioning to survivorship, take time to meet with a dietician and map put a meal plan that's best for them. If you're a patient here at MD Anderson, ask your doctor or nurse to refer you to one of our nutritionists for a consultation. The road to wellness is truly a journey that includes many other lifestyle changes aimed at preventing recurrence. But by starting with changing how you look at food and deciding to make better choices, you'll likely find it easier to make other healthy changes.
好問題。我個人的感覺是：
Serving 的量都會因為不同的對象而不同。
有些食品，尤其是小吃會在營養標簽上注上是多少，譬如土豆片是多少片。
對於液體則大約是一個馬克杯，蔬菜則是和個人的拳頭大小相符。
謝謝來訪！我把重複的那一段刪掉了。
謝謝來訪！