地角天邊
江郎才盡,不足為訓
指南：http://bbs.wenxuecity.com/health/538930.html
淋巴癌：http://www.lymphomafacts.org/site/c.gtJSJbMUIuE/b.1354083/k.7095/2810724052302843034022522264123069335672_Facts.htm
其它癌症：http://www.cnaizheng.com/zl/azzl/guai/Index.htm
肺癌： http://www.guokr.com/article/437125/
生存率： http://theconversation.com/hard-evidence-are-we-beating-cancer-20870
問醫生： http://bbs.wenxuecity.com/health/529178.html
謝文緯： http://yyk.39.net/doctor/307364_detail.html
國內腫瘤醫生：http://hailiu.haodf.com/lanmu
去癌散：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4c40adce01000auy.html
1.淋巴瘤都是癌性的，半存活率5-10年。
淋巴癌最大的病徵就是淋巴結腫大，其中以頸部淋巴結腫大最常見，其次是腋下、鼠蹊部位，他提醒一旦出現慢性、進行性、無痛性的淋巴結腫大，應儘早接受切片檢查。
2.
Follicular lymphoma盡管進展極其緩慢，但卻被稱為不可治愈的。而aggressive and very aggressive的淋巴瘤，盡管會進展快，但很大部分病人是可以治愈的，所以要積極治療，這個看起來很矛盾。Hodgkin治愈率更高（不要和FL搞混了）。還有個有意思的現象，盡管化療後follicullar lymphoma會很快消失，但以後還會出現，其進展速度和沒有治療的差不多，因而生存時間和生存率也沒有什麽差別，於是對這個病，人們一般不主張在一開始就化療，而是在需要治療時（有了症狀--全身的或局部的，腫塊大或有壓迫時，或有貧血等等）再治療。一旦需要治療，化療效果不錯。也就是說，你有了這個病，活得好好的時候，就不要管他。它造成問題了，咱再治療。因為早治療和晚治療的結果是一樣的，為啥要早治早有副作用呢？
對早期在外周淋巴區的FL，如腋窩和腹股溝的，卻主張用放療，為啥？以前的臨床研究發現，早期follicular lymphoma放療後很多人長時間無病生存，10年甚至20年近35-40%無複發，而且過了十幾年後複發率更少，所以有人把這個情況說成“治愈”，帶引號的。但那有人問了，為啥三大作風的醫生不主張治療？因為腹部淋巴區較大，照射範圍大，有很多器官，盡管劑量低，但長期副作用不能不考慮，譬如放射致癌風險，所以對腹部的，不主張放療。這一點，可能有的醫生會有不同看法，但多數是不主張治療的。這是個收益和風險的比例問題。
如何做watchful waiting?一般是定期CT。為啥不用MRI？MRI費用貴，而且胸部一般不用MRI，其他區域CT和MRI差不多，當然就選CT了。而且CT掃起來快，“哧溜”一下就完了。
還有，病理做了那麽markers,主要是鑒別診斷用。譬如，CD5 和CyclinD1是另一種淋巴瘤的標誌，叫Mantle cell lymphoma,顯微鏡下和FL相似，而這兩個markers可以鑒別診斷。Cyclin是細胞周期因子的意思. 因為Cyclin一般是推動細胞周期的，也就是使細胞增殖的，不是個好東西。Mantle cell lymphoma的生存以前平均隻有三年，現在好些，估計4-6年，比FL差好多。所以，CyclinD1陰性，該是個好事。
另外，在淋巴結裏見到大量的T淋巴細胞，不一定有什麽預後意義。在其他地方的腫瘤，有大量淋巴浸潤，是個好 現象。但淋巴結是淋巴細胞的家，看到了正常。就像一個貪官和情婦在商場裏逛商店時被警察抓到，電視上和照片上看到背景有好多人，不表明這些人是去抓貪官的，那地方就該有很多人。如果是在衙門裏，有一大幫人堵在那裏，那是個好現象，證明人們對這個貪官義憤填膺，有覺悟。這個地方以後對貪官的治理會容易很多。所以俺覺得，在淋巴結裏看到T細胞應該的。看的得報告裏都有。
FL的預後可以根據FLIPI（FL international prognostic index)作出判斷。有興趣的可去查查
?3.ASCO現代腫瘤學5
2014-10-30 腫瘤醫學論壇
作為美國臨床腫瘤學會（ASCO）50周年慶典活動的一部分，ASCO列出了在重要裏程碑時間軸上、最重大的
臨床腫瘤進展，之後邀請醫生、患者以及公眾投票選出他們認為的過去50年裏最有意義的5項現代腫瘤學進
展。目前ASCO公布了投票結果。ASCO主席Peter Yu在聲明中談道：“所有這些進步都標誌著癌症醫療的重大
進步，並拯救了無數人的生命。”（源自Medscape網站）
以下是票選出來的“現代腫瘤學的5大進展”：
1、化療治愈晚期霍奇金淋巴瘤
四藥聯合化療方案——MOPP（環磷酰胺、長春新堿、氮芥和強的鬆）對於半數以上侵襲性霍奇金淋巴瘤
患者都能誘導長期緩解，這項研究於1965年帶來了在成人晚期癌症化療領域的首次突破。該方案很快成為了霍奇金淋巴瘤的標準治療，但在20世紀七十年代，另一種不同的四藥聯合——ABVD（阿黴素、博萊黴素、長春花堿和氮烯咪胺）被證實更有效，能治愈70%的該類患者，成為當今治療的主要方案。ASCO指出，於1965年發現的MOPP方案帶來了第一次希望——晚期癌症可以通過藥物治療治愈，為當今這類患者90%的治愈率鋪平了道路。
2、HPV疫苗被批準用來預防宮頸癌
2006年，美國食品藥品監督管理局（FDA）批準了第一個HPV疫苗：Gardasil。這個疫苗可以針對造成
70%宮頸癌的兩種HPV（16和18）以及另外兩種與生殖器疣相關的HPV（6和11）產生免疫。Gardasil被批準
用於預防HPV相關的宮頸癌後，還被擴大用於預防其它的HPV相關疾病，包括女性陰道、會陰、肛門癌和男性
肛門癌、生殖器疣。ASCO補充指出：目前有研究認為，HPV感染與頭頸部癌有關聯，這提示HPV疫苗可能
也有助於預防這類癌症。如果能全麵實施疫苗接種，將會顯著減少世界各地宮頸癌和HPV相關癌症的發生率。
3、靶向藥物轉變了慢性髓係白血病的治療
2001年，美國FDA對伊馬替尼的快速審議和批準，使慢性髓係白血病（CML）的治療發生了根本性的改
變。這種口服藥物靶向作用於幾乎所有伴有的基因缺陷（Ph小體）的CML患者，將一個幾乎沒有患者能長期存
活的絕症轉變為5年生存率達90%的疾病。伊馬替尼也開辟了對多種腫瘤進行分子靶向治療的新時代。
4、化療治愈睾丸癌
一項新的三藥聯合化療方案——PVB（順鉑、長春新堿和博來黴素）能夠使70%的進展期睾丸癌患者獲得
完全緩解，部分得到治愈。而早期的化療方案僅對5%男性患者有用。這種聯合方案加上之後的手術、放療和
化療的進展，使睾丸癌成為最容易治愈的腫瘤之一以及腫瘤學上最成功的案例之一。
5、強效止吐藥物明顯改善患者的生活質量
1991年獲得FDA批準的止吐藥昂丹司瓊以及隨後幾年陸續獲得批準的其它支持治療藥物，使腫瘤治療的經
過發生了根本改變，患者的生活質量得到了空前改善。昂丹司瓊為5-羥色胺3受體拮抗劑，可阻斷神經係統觸
發的嘔吐反射，其類似藥物包括格拉司瓊、多拉司瓊、帕洛諾司瓊。它們和其它止吐藥如阿瑞匹坦一起，使大
多數癌症患者可接受門診化療。這些藥物不僅緩解了化療導致的嚴重嘔吐，而且可能使患者避免常規的住院，
幫助他們完成全部治療療程，從而活得更長、更美好。
4.人類與癌症鬥爭的250年
http://bbs.wenxuecity.com/health/537604.html
250 Years of Advances Against Cancer (Text-Only Version)
During the past 250 years, we have witnessed many remarkable advances against cancer, a disease known to humanity for thousands of years. Here are a few key milestones in the history of cancer research.
1775: Chimney Soot & Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Percivall Pott identifies a relationship between exposure to chimney soot and the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum among chimney sweeps. His report is the first to clearly link an environmental exposure to the development of cancer.
1863: Inflammation & Cancer
Rudolph Virchow identifies white blood cells (leukocytes) in cancerous tissue, making the first connection between inflammation and cancer. Virchow also coins the term "leukemia" and is the first person to describe the excess number of white blood cells in the blood of patients with this disease.
1882: The First Radical Mastectomy to Treat Breast Cancer
William Halsted performs the first radical mastectomy to treat breast cancer. This surgical procedure remains the standard operation for breast cancer until the latter half of the 20th century.
1895: The First X-Ray
Wilhelm Roentgen discovers X-rays. The first X-ray picture is an image of one of his wife's hands.
1898: Radium & Polonium
Marie and Pierre Curie discover the radioactive elements radium and polonium. Within a few years, the use of radium in cancer treatment begins.
1902: Cancer Tumors & Single Cells with Chromosome Damage
Theodor Boveri proposes that cancerous tumors arise from single cells that have experienced chromosome damage and suggests that chromosome alterations cause the cells to divide uncontrollably.
1903: The First Use of Radiation Therapy to Cure Cancer
S.W. Goldberg and Efim London describe the use of radium to treat two patients with basal cell carcinoma of the skin. The disease was eradicated in both patients.
1909: Immune Surveillance
"Paul Ehrlich proposes that the immune system usually suppresses tumor formation, a concept that becomes known as the ""immune surveillance"" hypothesis. This proposal prompts research, which continues today, to harness the power of the immune system to fight cancer.
1911: Cancer in Chickens
Peyton Rous discovers a virus that causes cancer in chickens (Rous sarcoma virus), establishing that some cancers are caused by infectious agents.
1915: Cancer in Rabbits
Katsusaburo Yamagiwa and Koichi Ichakawa induce cancer in rabbits by applying coal tar to their skin, providing experimental proof that chemicals can cause cancer.
1928: The Pap Smear
George Papanicolaou discovers that cervical cancer can be detected by examining cells from the vagina under a microscope. This breakthrough leads to the development of the Pap test, which allows abnormal cervical cells to be detected and removed before they become cancerous.
1932: The Modified Radical Mastectomy for Breast Cancer
David H. Patey develops the modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer. This surgical procedure is less disfiguring than the radical mastectomy and eventually replaces it as the standard surgical treatment for breast cancer.
1937: The National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Legislation signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt establishes the National Cancer Institute (NCI).
1937: Breast-Sparing Surgery Followed by Radiation
George Keynes describes the treatment of breast cancer with breast-sparing surgery followed by radiation therapy. After surgery to remove the tumor, long needles containing radium are inserted throughout the affected breast and near the adjacent axillary lymph nodes.
1941: Hormonal Therapy
Charles Huggins discovers that removing the testicles to lower testosterone production or administering estrogens causes prostate tumors to regress. Such hormonal manipulation—more commonly known as hormonal therapy—continues to be a mainstay of prostate cancer treatment.
1947: Antimetabolites
Sidney Farber shows that treatment with the antimetabolite drug aminopterin, a derivative of folic acid, induces temporary remissions in children with acute leukemia. Antimetabolite drugs are structurally similar to chemicals needed for important cellular processes, such as DNA synthesis, and cause cell death by blocking those processes.
1949: Nitrogen Mustard
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves nitrogen mustard (mechlorethamine) for the treatment of cancer. Nitrogen mustard belongs to a class of drugs called alkylating agents, which kill cells by chemically modifying their DNA.
1950: Cigarette Smoking & Lung Cancer
Ernst Wynder, Evarts Graham, and Richard Doll identify cigarette smoking as an important factor in the development of lung cancer.
1953: The First Complete Cure of a Human Solid Tumor
Roy Hertz and Min Chiu Li achieve the first complete cure of a human solid tumor by chemotherapy when they use the drug methotrexate to treat a patient with choriocarcinoma, a rare cancer of the reproductive tissue that mainly affects women.
1958: Combination Chemotherapy
NCI researchers Emil Frei, Emil Freireich, and James Holland and their colleagues demonstrate that combination chemotherapy with the drugs 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate can induce partial and complete remissions and prolong survival in children and adults with acute leukemia.
1960: The Philadelphia Chromosome
Peter Nowell and David Hungerford describe an unusually small chromosome in the cancer cells of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). This chromosome, which becomes known as the Philadelphia chromosome, is found in the leukemia cells of 95% of patients with CML.
1964: A Focus on Cigarette Smoking
The U.S. Surgeon General issues a report stating that cigarette smoking is an important health hazard in the United States and that action is required to reduce its harmful effects.
1964: The Epstein-Barr virus
For the first time, a virus—the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)—is linked to a human cancer (Burkitt lymphoma). EBV is later shown to cause several other cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and some gastric (stomach) cancers.
1971: The National Cancer Act
On December 23, President Richard M. Nixon signs the National Cancer Act, which authorizes the NCI Director to coordinate all activities of the National Cancer Program, establish national cancer research centers, and establish national cancer control programs.
1976: The DNA of Normal Chicken Cells
Dominique Stehelin, Harold Varmus, J. Michael Bishop, and Peter Vogt discover that the DNA of normal chicken cells contains a gene related to the oncogene (cancer-causing gene) of avian sarcoma virus, which causes cancer in chickens. This finding eventually leads to the discovery of human oncogenes.
1978: Tamoxifen
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves tamoxifen, an antiestrogen drug originally developed as a birth control treatment, for the treatment of breast cancer. Tamoxifen represents the first of a class of drugs known as selective estrogen receptor modulators, or SERMs, to be approved for cancer therapy.
1979: The TP53 Gene
The TP53 gene (also called p53), the most commonly mutated gene in human cancer, is discovered. It is a tumor suppressor gene, meaning its protein product (p53 protein) helps control cell proliferation and suppress tumor growth.
1984: HPV 16 & 18
DNA from human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 is identified in a large percentage of cervical cancers, establishing a link between infection with these HPV types and cervical carcinogenesis.
1985: Breast-Conserving Surgery
Results from an NCI-supported clinical trial show that women with early-stage breast cancer who were treated with breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy) followed by whole-breast radiation therapy had similar rates of overall survival and disease-free survival as women who were treated with mastectomy alone.
1986: HER2 Oncogene Cloning
The human oncogene HER2 (also called neu and erbB2) is cloned. Overexpression of the protein product of this gene, which occurs in about 20% to 25% of breast cancers (known as HER2-positive breast cancers), is associated with more aggressive disease and a poor prognosis.
1993: Guaiac Fecal Occult Blood Testing (FOBT)
Results from an NCI-supported clinical trial show that annual screening with guaiac fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) can reduce colorectal cancer mortality by about 33%.
1994: BRCA1 Tumor Suppressor Gene Cloning
The tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 is cloned. Specific inherited mutations in this gene greatly increase the risks of breast and ovarian cancer in women and the risks of several other cancers in both men and women.
1995: BRCA2 Tumor Suppressor Gene Cloning
The tumor suppressor gene BRCA2 is cloned. Similar to BRCA1, inheriting specific BRCA2 gene mutations greatly increases the risks of breast and ovarian cancer in women and the risks of several other cancers in both men and women.
1996: Anastrozole
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves anastrozole for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Anastrozole is the first aromatase inhibitor (a drug that blocks the production of estrogen in the body) to be approved for cancer therapy.
1997: Rituximab
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves rituximab, a monoclonal antibody, for use in patients with treatment-resistant, low-grade or follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Rituximab is later approved as an initial treatment for these types of NHL, for another type of NHL called diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
1998: NCI-Sponsored Breast Cancer Prevention Trial
Results of the NCI-sponsored Breast Cancer Prevention Trial show that the antiestrogen drug tamoxifen can reduce the incidence of breast cancer among women who are at increased risk of the disease by about 50%. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves tamoxifen to reduce the incidence of breast cancer in women at increased risk.
1998: Trastuzumab
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets cancer cells that overproduce the protein HER2, for the treatment of women with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab is later approved for the adjuvant (post-operative) treatment of women with HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer.
2001: Imatinib Mesylate
Results of a clinical trial show that the drug imatinib mesylate, which targets a unique protein produced by the Philadelphia chromosome, is effective against chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Later, it is also shown to be effective in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).
2003: NCI-Sponsored Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT)
Results of the NCI-sponsored Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) show that the drug finasteride, which reduces the production of male hormones in the body, lowers a man's risk of prostate cancer by about 25%.
2006: NCI's Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR)
Results of NCI's Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) show that postmenopausal women at increased risk of breast cancer can reduce their risk of developing the disease if they take the antiestrogen drug raloxifene. The risk of serious side effects is lower with raloxifene than with tamoxifen.
2006: Gardasil
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine Gardasil, which protects against infection by the two types of HPV that cause approximately 70% of all cases of cervical cancer. NCI scientists developed the underlying technology used to make Gardasil.
2009: Cervarix
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves Cervarix, a second vaccine that protects against infection by the two types of the human papilloma virus (HPV) that cause approximately 70% of all cases of cervical cancer worldwide. NCI scientists developed the underlying technology used to make Cervarix.
2010: The First Human Cancer Treatment Vaccine
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves sipuleucel-T, a cancer treatment vaccine that is made using a patient's own immune system cells (dendritic cells), for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer that no longer responds to hormonal therapy. It is the first (and so far only) human cancer treatment vaccine to be approved.
2010: NCI-Sponsored Lung Cancer Screening Tiral (NLST)
Initial results of the NCI-sponsored Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST) show that screening with low-dose helical computerized tomography (CT) reduced lung cancer deaths by about 20% in a large group of current and former heavy smokers.
2011: Ipilimumab
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves the use of ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of inoperable or metastatic melanoma. Ipilimumab stimulates the immune system to attack cancer cells by removing a "brake" that normally controls the intensity of immune responses.
2012: NCI-Sponsored PLCO Cancer Screening Trial
Results of the NCI-sponsored PLCO Cancer Screening Trial confirm that screening people 55 years of age and older for colorectal cancer using flexible sigmoidoscopy reduces colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. In the PLCO, screened individuals had a 21% lower risk of developing colorectal cancer and a 26% lower risk of dying from the disease than the control subjects.
2013: Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine (T-DM1)
The FDA approves ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) for the treatment of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer who were previously treated with trastuzumab and/or a taxane drug. T-DM1 is an immunotoxin (an antibody-drug conjugate) that is made by chemically linking the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab to the cytotoxic agent mertansine, which inhibits cell proliferation by blocking the formation of microtubules.
2014: Analyzing DNA in Cancer
Researchers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project, a joint effort by NCI and the National Human Genome Research Institute to analyze the DNA and other molecular changes in more than 30 types of human cancer, find that gastric (stomach) cancer is actually four different diseases, not just one, based on differing tumor characteristics. This finding from TCGA and other related projects may potentially lead to a new classification system for cancer, in which cancers are classified by their molecular abnormalities as well as their organ or tissue site of origin.
2014: Pembrolizumab
The FDA approves pembrolizumab for the treatment of advanced melanoma. This monoclonal antibody blocks the activity of a protein called PD1 on immune cells, which increases the strength of immune responses against cancer.
美國食品和藥物管理局（FDA）批準sipuleucel-T，即利用患者自身的免疫係統的細胞（樹突狀細胞）製成，轉移性前列腺癌的治療中不再響應激素治療的癌症治療疫苗。這是第一個（也是迄今為止唯一）人體癌症治療疫苗獲得批準。
2010：NCI讚助的肺癌篩查Tiral（NLST）
美國國立癌症研究所讚助的肺癌篩查試驗（NLST）的初步結果表明，低劑量螺旋計算機斷層掃描（CT）篩選一大群現任和前任重度吸煙者降低肺癌的死亡率約20％。
2011：易普利姆瑪
美國食品和藥物管理局（FDA）批準的使用易普利姆瑪的，單克隆抗體，為不可??操作的或轉移性黑色素瘤的治療。易普利姆瑪刺激免疫係統通過去除一個“刹車”，通常控製免疫反應的強度，攻擊癌細胞。
2012：NCI讚助PLCO癌症篩查試驗
美國國立癌症研究所讚助的PLCO癌症篩查試驗結果證實，采用乙狀結腸鏡篩查的人55歲及以上的大腸癌降低大腸癌的發病率和死亡率。在PLCO，甄別個人有發展大腸癌這種疾病比對照受試者死亡的降低26％的風險的降低21％的風險。
2013：ADO-曲妥珠單抗Emtansine（T-DM1）
美國FDA對患者的治療HER2陽性乳腺癌誰以前與曲妥珠單抗和/或紫杉烷類藥物治療的批準ADO-曲妥珠單抗emtansine（T-DM1）。的T-DM1是免疫毒素（一種抗體 - 藥物偶聯）由化學連接的單克隆抗體曲妥單抗對細胞毒性劑mertansine，其通過阻斷微管的形成抑製細胞增殖製成。
2014年：癌症的DNA分析
從癌症基因組圖譜（TCGA）項目，形成工作合力由NCI和國家人類基因組研究所分析DNA，並在全球30多個類型的人類癌症等的分子變化，發現胃（胃）的癌症研究人員實際上是4不同的疾病，不隻是一個，根據不同腫瘤的特點。這一發現從TCGA等相關項目可能潛在地導致一個新的分類係統的癌症，其中癌症是按它們的分子異常以及原籍器官或組織部位。
2014年：Pembrolizumab
美國食品藥物管理局批準pembrolizumab用於晚期黑色素瘤的治療。此單克隆抗體塊稱為PD1上的免疫細胞的蛋白質，這增加了對癌症的免疫應答的強度的活性。
==
靶向治療的藥物可能會越來越多，隨著我們對腫瘤的認識進一步的加深，開發了越來越多的藥物，可能在今後的幾年當中會逐步增加，我們可以分為幾大類， 第一類是針對血管的，長到成人以後血管不會再長了，成人以後血管也成熟了，腫瘤需要不斷的新生血管來提供，所以新生血管是腫瘤的特征，在靶向藥物當中大概 有28％是針對這個係統的，所以我們講進入臨床比較快的有幾個藥物，比如一個是貝伐單抗以外我們還有CT6474，第二是作用於信號傳導通路的，腫瘤為什 麽生長要由信號傳遞，如果信號打斷了腫瘤就會死亡了，比較常見的是表皮生長因子，比如叫易瑞沙，特羅凱都能在國內市場上買到，還有其他的藥物可能在不久的 將來會進入臨床。
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Glomus tumor is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm comprising less than 2% of soft tissue tumors. It is composed of cells resembling modified smooth muscle cells of the normal glomus body. The glomus body, a thermoregulator, is a specialized form of arteriovenous anastomosis localized in dermal and precoccygeal soft tissue. Although glomus tumors are rare neoplasms, clinical misdiagnosis of many of these lesions as hemangiomas or venous malformations makes an accurate assessment of their actual prevalence difficult. A malignant counterpart of this lesion exists but is extremely rare.
血管球瘤是一種良性間質腫瘤，包括軟組織腫瘤小於2％。它是由細胞類似於正常血管球體的改性平滑肌細胞。存在這種病變的惡性對口，但極為罕見。
==瘡癰腸癰浸淫病脈證並治第十八http://www.haodf.com/zhuanjiaguandian/zhaodongqi_854358018.htm
金匱要略淺注 清·陳修園
（兩手）諸（部．俱見）浮數（之）脈．（浮主表．數主熱．若表邪）應當發熱．（今不發熱．） 而反灑淅惡寒．（必其氣血凝滯．即經所謂營氣不從．逆於肉理．乃生癰腫．陽氣有餘．營氣不行．乃發為癰是也．）若有痛處．（更明明可驗．然而癰者．壅也． 欲通其壅．）當（以麻黃荊芥之類．透）發其（凝滯之）癰．師曰．諸癰腫．欲知有膿無膿．以手掩腫上．熱者（毒已聚．）為有膿．不熱者．（毒不聚．）為無 膿．
此言癰之所由成．而並辨有膿無膿也．言外見癰之已成者．欲其潰．未成者． 之起也．
內外原不分科．分之者．以針砭刀割熏洗等法．另有傳習諳練之人．士君子置而弗道．然而大證．斷非外科之專門者．所能治也．薛氏醫按．論之最詳．然以 六味丸八味丸補中益氣湯十全大補湯歸脾湯六君子湯異功湯逍遙散等劑．出入加減．若潰後虛證頗宜．其實是籠統套法．於大證難以成功．金匱謂浮數脈．當發熱而反惡寒者．以衛氣有所遏而不出．衛有所遏．責在榮之過實．止此數語寥廖．已寓癰腫之絕大治法．再參六經之見證．六經之部位．用六經之的方．無有不效．外科之專門．不足恃也．
腸癰之為病．（氣血為內癰所奪．不得外榮肌膚．故）其身（枯皺．如鱗）甲（之交）錯．腹皮（雖）急．（而）按之（則）濡．（其外雖）如腫狀．（而 其）腹（則）無積聚．（其）身（雖）無熱．（而其）脈（則似表邪之）數．此為（營鬱成熱．）腸內有癰膿．（以）薏苡附子敗醬散主之．（此癰之在於小腸 也．）
此為小腸癰而出其方治也．敗醬一名苦菜．多生土牆及屋瓦上．閩人誤為蒲公英．
薏苡附子敗醬散方
薏苡仁（十分） 附子（二分） 敗醬（五分）。上三味．杵為散．取方寸匕．以水二升．煎減半．頓服．小盒飯下．
（癰之在於大腸者．何如．大腸居於小腸之下．若）腫（高而）癰（甚）者．（逼處膀胱．致）少腹腫痞．按之即痛如淋．（而實非膀胱為害．故）小便（仍見）自調．（小腸為心之合．而氣通於血脈．大腸為肺之合．而氣通於皮毛．故彼脈數身無熱．而此則）時時發熱自汗出．複惡寒．（再因其證而辨其脈．若）其脈遲緊者．（邪暴遏而營未變．為）膿未成．可下之．（令其消散．若其）脈洪數者（毒已聚而營氣腐．為）膿已成．（雖下之．亦不能消．故）不可下也．（若）大黃牡丹湯（不論癰之已成未成．皆可）主之．
此為大腸癰而出其方治也．
大黃牡丹湯方
大黃（四兩） 牡丹（一兩） 桃仁（五十個） 冬瓜仁（半升） 芒硝（三合）
上五味．以水六升．煮取一升．去滓．內芒硝．再煎沸．頓服之．有膿當下．如無膿．當下血．
問曰．寸口脈浮微而澀．法當亡血．若汗出．設不汗出者．雲何．曰、（血與汗．皆陰也．微為陽弱．澀為血少．）若身有瘡．被刀斧所傷．（而）亡血（血亡而氣亦無輔．此脈微而又澀之）故也．（且奪血者無汗．此脈浮而不汗出之故也．）
此為金瘡亡血辨其脈也．
（凡一切）病金瘡．（統以）王不留行散主之．
此為金瘡出其總治之方也．
徐忠可雲、此非上文傷久無汗之金瘡方．乃概治金瘡方也．故曰、病金瘡．王不留行散主之．蓋王不留行．性苦平．能通利血脈．故反能止金瘡血．逐痛．蒴 亦通利氣血．尤善開痹．周身肌肉肺主之．桑根白皮最利肺氣．東南根向陽．生氣尤全．以複肌肉之生氣．故以此三物甚多為君．甘草解毒和榮．尤多為臣．椒薑以 養其胸中之陽．濃樸以疏其內結之氣．芩芍以清其陰分之熱為佐．若有風寒．此屬經絡客邪．桑皮止利肺氣．不能逐外邪．故勿取．（孫男心蘭按．金瘡亡血者忌發 汗．以陰傷故也．若偶感風邪．其人不省．仍宜以破傷風論治．勿泥於亡血之禁．）
王不留行散方
王不留行（十分八月八日采） 蒴 細葉（十分七月七日采） 桑東南根（白皮十分三月三日采） 甘草（十八分） 黃芩（二分） 川椒（三分） 濃樸（二分） 幹薑（二分） 芍藥（二分）
上九味．王不留行蒴 桑皮三味．燒灰存性．各別杵篩．合治之為散．服方寸匕．小瘡即粉之．大瘡但服之．產後亦可服．
排膿散方
枳實（十六枚） 芍藥（六分） 桔梗（二分）
上三味．杵為散．取雞子黃一枚．以藥散與雞黃相等．揉和令相得．飲和服之．日一服．
枳實得陽明金氣以製風．稟少陰水氣以清熱．又合芍藥以通血．合桔梗以利氣．而尤賴雞子黃之養心和脾．取有情之物．助火土之髒陰．以為排膿化毒之本也．
排膿湯方
甘草（二兩） 桔梗（三兩） 生薑（一兩） 大棗（十枚）。上四味．以水三升．煮取一升．溫服五合．日再服．
此亦行氣血和營衛之劑．
浸淫瘡．（留流不已．俗名棉花瘡楊梅瘡惡癘之類．）從口起．流向四肢者．可治．（以其從內走外也．）從四肢流來入口者．不可治．（以其從外走內也．）浸淫瘡．（以）黃連粉主之．（方未見）
此為浸淫瘡出其方治也．方未見．疑即黃連一味為粉．外敷之．甚者亦內服之．諸瘡痛癢．皆屬心火．黃連苦寒瀉心火．所以主之．餘因悟一方．治楊梅瘡棉 花等瘡甚效．連翹蒺藜黃 金銀花各三錢．當歸甘草苦參荊芥防風各二錢．另用土茯苓二兩．以水煮湯去滓．將此湯煮藥．空心服之．十日可愈．若係房欲傳染者．其毒乘腎氣之虛．從精孔深 入中腎．散於衝任督脈．難愈．宜加龜板入任．生鹿角末入督．黃柏入衝等藥．並先用黑牽牛製末．作小丸．和燒 散．以土茯苓湯送下．令黑糞大下後．再加前湯如神．
==王連癌症偏方：
材料：五靈脂100克、香附子100克、黑牽牛200克、木香100克。
用法：把以上幾種藥物，全部加工成粉末，然後，將粉末用白醋調勻，製成藥丸，一個藥丸，按10克的分量製作。患者，每天吃一個藥丸。吃的時候，用薑汁送服，薑汁，就是用薑片煮出的濃薑湯。每天吃三到四次，連用一個月，就能有效果，堅持服用，就會治愈。使用此方時忌服人參。孕婦和產婦不能用此方。這個方子，曾治好過兩個人的癌症。一個是直腸癌患者，一個是肺癌患者。
==仙鶴草
明代蔣儀將仙鶴草用於治療食道癌和胃癌,“滾咽隔之痰，平翻胃之穢”，咽隔翻胃是古人用以形容食道癌和胃癌的病症，“從來醫者群相畏懼，以為不治之症。”“餘得此劑，十投九效”癌症患者服食仙鶴草後，如“饑荒之粟，隆冬之裘”。
現代醫學研究發現，仙鶴草提取液對小鼠肉瘤S—180，黑色素瘤B—22，B—16，瓦克氏瘤W—256，海藍癌細胞等均有較強的抑製作用，對小鼠腹水癌亦有治療效果。據分析，仙鶴草提取液至少含有12種成分，其大部分均呈抗癌性。《朝日新聞》曾報導：日本在篩選近千種天然藥物中，得到3種抗癌性最高的活性物質，其中之一就是仙鶴草。《漢方研究》認為：傳統的化療藥既殺傷癌細胞也殺傷癌細胞，而仙鶴草既可殺傷癌細胞，又有利於正常細胞，實屬一種罕見的抗癌中藥。
採用仙鶴草治療癌症時，應使用地上全草去根，每次120克，大棗100枚，粳米(或糯米)100克，入砂鍋中煎取濃汁500毫升，待粳米與大棗煮粥快成時，兌入仙鶴草汁，者沸後食用，每日2次，連服1—2個月。
==九十三歲的彝醫大師曲苓章的祖傳秘方治療乳房腫塊、子宮肌瘤、卵巢囊腫：
取三七75克，香附75克，鼠婦蟲30克、碎成細未混勻備用。選五香血藤600克、雞矢藤600克、金蕎麥600克、加水煎熬三次合並熬成稠膏，最後加入上述細粉，混合均勻即可服用。（市麵上也有叫做泰康消結片是同一方藥組成）。
==所載藥方在肺癌治療中均收到滿意療效
1、石仙桃30克
2、（治療晚期肺癌）生黃芪21克
3、華蟾10克
4、（晚期肺癌）生黃芪40克
==我的一位親戚今年就八十歲了，二十多年以前患胃癌，在棲霞市人民醫院做了胃癌切除及周圍淋巴結大清掃手術。出院回家後三個多月，病情加重，經查胃癌複發轉移到肝、肺等。醫生說無法治了。用此方燒水當茶喝，二十多年來，一直活得挺好。特別是在醫院做了手術以後，被醫生判為“死刑”的病人，服用這個方子，有的幾年十幾年後仍然健在，有的雖然死了，也延長壽命二、三年不等。 靈芝10—20克、槐樹枝用剪子剪一寸長5—10節，煎泡水當茶飲，每1—2日一付，或者泡至藥水無色味再換。
==用半枝蓮200克，白花蛇舌草300克，分為8等份，每份煮沸2暖瓶水，煮沸二小時，熱飲，不能喝水、喝茶。
附錄：常見食物的酸堿性 1.強酸性食品：蛋黃、奶酪、白糖做的西點或柿子、烏魚子、柴魚等。 2.中酸性食品：火腿、培根、雞肉、鮪魚、豬肉、鰻魚、牛肉、麵包、小麥、奶油、馬肉等。 3.弱酸性食品：白米、落花生、啤酒、酒、油炸豆腐、海苔、文蛤、章魚,泥鰍。
4.弱堿性食品：紅豆、蘿卜、蘋果、甘藍菜、 洋蔥、豆腐等。 5.中堿性食品：蘿卜幹、大豆、紅蘿卜、蕃茄、 香蕉、橘子、番瓜、草莓、蛋白、梅幹、檸檬、菠菜等。 6.強堿性食品：葡萄、茶葉、葡萄酒、海帶芽、海帶等。 尤其是天然綠藻富含葉綠素，是不錯的堿性健康食品，而茶類不宜過量，最佳飲用時間為早上。
化療食品：http://linbaai.tumorhome.com/hualiao/2894.html
