輕舟一葉

小楫輕舟,夢入芙蓉浦。
個人資料
正文

美國童子軍100歲生日快樂

(2010-03-31 14:28:49) 下一個
   不久前的周末參加了家附近社區的美國男童子軍(Boy Scouts)100歲生日慶祝。在中國長大的輕舟對童子軍很陌生,幾年前雪城鄰居的兩個女孩是女童子軍成員,她們每年聖誕前後在鄰裏義務銷售小甜餅,那時我們家總要買幾包。傑明小時候曾經參加童子軍,搬到哈城後,覺得兒子需要這方麵的訓練,於是去年秋天安參加了社區的童子軍組織,每周一晚上一個小時活動。

 

    今晚的童子軍活動從6點半到7點半在附近的教會戶外活動,我去接安時,男孩子們在學習射擊,教練傑森是一個男孩子的爸爸,義務幫助童子軍兩年多了,他身穿童子軍軍服,戴著軍帽,耐心地手把手地教孩子們射擊技能,如何拉弓,如何瞄靶,如何放箭......七八個孩子排隊等著,有兩三男孩推推拉拉,差點跌倒,傑森看到了,較嚴肅地對那兩三男孩說:“射擊時,旁觀者不可掉以輕心,安全第一,若你們不小心打鬧到射場,很危險的。”他讓那三個男孩坐在一旁觀看,不可跑動,以此為警戒。

 

    輕舟父母每次來美國小住,總誇傑明勤快:割草、清掃落葉、種樹、蓋工具房等諸多家務,作的很認真到位。而輕舟呢,手無縛雞之力,除了燒菜、打掃衛生,種種花菜,什麽都不會。想來許多美國人前屋後院收拾的齊整,多半是小時候參與了童子軍的活動。

 

    童子軍 The Boy Scouts of the United States 是一個民間組織,成立於1910年,今年2010年則是童子軍建立100周年紀念日。童子軍目前是美國最大的青年團體,成員超過100萬人。童子軍宗旨是將良好的價值觀傳授給少年兒童,諸如自尊、環保、愛人如己、公民意識及野外生存技能等,而這些價值觀的傳達是通過參加一係列戶外活動而逐漸完成的,例如野營、登山、水上活動、幫助社區建立有益工程等。傑明妹妹的兒子馬克去年秋天拿到了夢寐以求的童子軍最高級別“雄鷹級”。馬克的媽媽艾米告訴我們馬克從6歲到16歲十年沒有間斷地參加各項童子軍活動,一路晉升,終於取得了最高級,如今他義務幫忙年齡小的童子軍。一天傍晚,艾米載我們到社區圖書館,館前麵樹蔭下有一條彎彎曲曲的石頭小徑,艾米自豪地告訴我們,這條小徑是雄鷹級的童子軍畢業作品之一。石頭路花了孩子好幾個周末的汗水鋪成。夕陽林蔭下,當我們在平坦的青石上漫步,霏和安更雀躍地從一塊石頭跳到另一塊石頭,原本對童子軍陌生的輕舟體會到童子軍對孩子成長,尤其是男孩子生存技能、自律能力、自信心、社區服務責任心等方麵的培養很切實,也很有益。

美國童子軍簡介

(江天夢 譯)來源: http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ab604ac0100cuk4.html

 

     童子軍(The Boy Scouts of America,簡稱BSA)是美國童子軍運動中成立的一個民間組織,在其他一些國家也有它的組織。BSA是美國最大的青年團體,成員超過100萬人。BSA成立於1910年(1月8日),截至2005年底,成員已達2938698人,其中領導級成員1146130人,分屬122582個基層組織。BSA主要接受由誌願者組成的管理委員會的管理,但在較高的組織級別上則聘請專職人員管理,某些商業性活動也由專人管理。

     (20世紀初),美國一些專門為年輕人謀求社會福利的熱心人士非常關注美國的進步運動,BSA就是在這樣的社會背景下誕生的。BSA遵守童子軍宗旨:把一些(美國人認為重要的)價值觀傳授給少年兒童,諸如自尊、公民意識及野外生存技能(outdoorsmanship,今改為survival)等,這些價值觀的灌輸是通過參加一係列戶外活動而逐漸完成的,例如野營、水上訓練及登山等。

     BSA對童子軍取得的成績的認可辦法包括級別晉升和設立各種特別獎勵,具體辦法根據不同對象或項目而定,例如7-17歲的男童子軍與14-21歲的女童子軍各有所區別。BSA一般由各地方自行組織和操作,當地的軍隊、特種兵及空軍飛行員則作為誌願者領導和組織有關活動。

     童子軍會組織一些活動來給每個孩子提供獲得晉升的機會,每個孩子參加完一項活動之後,總能感覺到自己獲得了進步。很多晉升形式主要是“即時認定式”,也就是說,孩子一旦得到了應有的獎賞,晉升級別的認定會盡快完成。還有一些認定形式,就是在童子軍大會上,當著全體童子軍及其家長的麵給予獎勵。

     童子軍晉升製度由人為設置的一係列障礙和步驟組成,每個孩子都必須設法克服這些障礙,每個孩子都可根據相關規定來製訂自己的進步計劃,並通過參加軍訓而被承認其挑戰某些項目的成功。隊員每前進一步都會得到及時的獎勵,目的是增強自信心。每一晉升級別中所設置的若幹個步驟則以鼓勵孩子獨立自主及幫助他人為主。“雄鷹獎章”是童子軍所能得到的最高獎勵級別,一旦獲此獎章,會被認為是至高無上的榮譽。很多成年人即使在獲此殊榮若幹年以後,都不會忘記在其個人簡曆中給予重重的一筆,以示榮耀。的確,童子軍聚會的時候,你會聽到那些已經四十好幾、五十好幾、六十好幾甚至都七十多歲的老童子軍們用一般現在時態自豪地宣布:“我是雄鷹!”

     童子軍運動和美國童子軍是文化中眾所周知的事物。在登上月球的12名宇航員中,就有11名曾是是童子軍成員。而長達半個世紀以來一直由童子軍組織的“春季慶典活動”——鬆木車德比大賽,則被美國《讀者文摘》評為美國百佳慶典活動之一。美國前總統福特說:“我可以毫不猶豫地說,如果沒有童子軍精神,我不會成為一名好運動員,不可能成為一名好的海軍軍官,也不可能成為一名好的參議員,更不可能成為一名隨時都能做好一切準備的總統。”

 

英文原文:The Boy Scouts of America

     The Boy Scouts of America (BSA) is a United States Scouting organization, with some presence in other countries. The BSA is the largest youth organization in the United States; over one hundred million Americans have been members. Founded in 1910, the movement had a registered membership of 2,938,698 youth with 1,146,130 leaders in 122,582 units as of the end of 2005. The BSA is administered mostly by committees of volunteers, but employs professionals at the higher levels of administration and for commercial activities.

     The BSA sprang from the concerns of the progressive movement in the United States from people who sought to promote the social welfare of young men. The BSA adheres to the Scout method to teach values such as self-esteem, citizenship, and outdoorsmanship through a variety of outdoor activities such as camping, aquatics, and hiking.

     The BSA recognizes the achievements of Scouts through advancement in rank and various special awards. It includes several program divisions, targeted at boys ages seven through seventeen and young men and women ages fourteen through twenty-one. The BSA operates locally, through volunteer-led units such as troops, packs, and crews.

     Cub Scouting provides advancement opportunities throughout the program to help each Scout feel that he has accomplished something when completing an activity. Many advancements in Cub Scouting are of the "Immediate Recognition" type; that is they are designed to be given as soon as possible after the award is earned. Others are to be given ceremoniously at Pack meetings in front of all the Scouts in the unit and their parents.

     The Boy Scouting advancement system consists of a series of obstacles and the steps that boys must take to overcome them. The system is designed so that a Scout will plan his advancement and by participating in the troop program, be recognized as he overcomes each challenge. The Scout is rewarded at each step of the way, which is intended to develop self-confidence. The steps in the advancement system are designed to help him grow in self-reliance and the ability to help others. The highest level of Boy Scout advancement is the rank of Eagle Scout; an award considered by some to be so prestigious that many adults continue to list it as a major accomplishment or award on their resumes or CVs, many decades afer they were initially awarded the badge. Indeed, the rank of Eagle Scout is generally spoken of in the present tense, and it is not unusual, at Scout gatherings, to hear men in their 40s, 50s, 60's or even 70's, proudly proclaim: "I'm an Eagle Scout!"

     Scouting and Boy Scouts are well known throughout American culture. Eleven of the twelve men to walk on the Moon were Scouts. The "Pinewood Derby," for half a century "a celebrated rite of spring," has been named part of "America's 100 Best" by Reader's Digest magazine. President Gerald Ford said, "I can say without hesitation, because of Scouting principles, I know I was a better athlete, I was a better naval officer, I was a better Congressman, and I was a better prepared President."

 

[ 打印 ]
閱讀 ()評論 (0)
評論
目前還沒有任何評論
登錄後才可評論.