哈哈,這個老師不合格。二話不說先羅列一堆條條框框,成功殺死了孩子的好奇心和冒險精神。說什麽不以規矩,不成方圓,其實就是照本宣科,誤人子弟。還好張愛玲學畫不成,對色彩的 “饑渴” 轉移到寫作上,這是中國文學的大幸。
來看看小說《沉香屑第一爐香》開頭,葛薇龍眼裏姑母家的房子,張愛玲這樣描繪:“山腰上這座白房子是流線型的,幾何團案式的構造,類似最摩登的電影院。然而屋頂上卻蓋了一層仿古的碧色琉璃瓦。玻璃窗也是綠色的,配上雞油黃嵌一道窄紅邊的框。窗上安著雕花鐵柵欄,噴上雞油黃的漆。屋子四周繞著寬綽的走廊,當地鋪著紅磚,支著巍峨的兩三丈高一排白石圓柱。。。。” 不中不西的建築,畫蛇添足的碧色琉璃瓦,和西紅柿炒雞蛋的紅黃配色,都讓人一言難盡。。。。但是,讀者讀到的是張愛玲對色彩的敏感和形容狀物的神來之筆。什麽叫 “雞油黃” ?從來沒聽說過這個說法,偏偏一讀就明,令人拍案叫絕。
為什麽突然提起這一段?是看了梵高名畫 The Yellow House (The Street) 引起的聯想。黃房子是梵高搬離巴黎以後,在南法小鎮 Arles 的住所,他在給弟弟 Theo 的信裏這麽描述: “My house here is painted outside in the yellow of fresh butter, with garish green shutters, and it’s in the full sun on the square, where there’s a green garden of plane trees, oleanders, acacias. And inside, it’s all whitewashed, and the floor’s of red bricks. And the intense blue sky above. Inside, I can live and breathe, and think and paint…. I’m in really much better health here than in Paris. ” (September 9, 1888) 信裏信外,可以感受到畫家愉悅放鬆的心情。奶油黃的外牆,蔥綠色的百葉窗,小鎮廣場的明媚陽光直射進來。窗外的花園裏有梧桐,夾竹桃,洋槐;屋裏四白落地,紅磚鋪地。難怪畫家感歎 “我又能呼吸,思考和作畫了。。。。在這裏比在巴黎好多了。” 一樣是油黃色,在張愛玲眼裏是 “雞油色”,在梵高筆下是 “奶油黃” — 哈哈,You are what you eat!
還看到了名畫《臥室》(The Bedroom)。這間臥室就在黃房子的二樓。梵高顯然對自己布置的臥室很滿意,在給弟弟 Theo 的信裏說: “It’s simply my bedroom, but the color has to do the job here, and through its being simplified by giving a grander style to things, to be suggestive here of rest or of sleep in general. In short, looking at the painting should rest the mind, or rather, the imagination…..The solidity of the future should also now express unshakeable repose.” (October 16, 1888) 字裏行間是掩藏不住的自得,認為房間的顏色,家具和裝飾都恰到好處。
這種小孩子過家家的天真和得意,張愛玲也有。她在《私語》裏回憶:“我母親還告訴我畫圖的背景最得避忌紅色,背景看上去應當有相當的距離,紅的背景總覺得近在眼前,但是我和弟弟的臥室牆壁就是那沒有距離的橙紅色,是我選擇的,而且我畫小人也喜歡畫上紅的牆,溫暖而親近。” 梵高臥室的藍牆和掉漆的綠地板是冷色,暖色來自厚實的橡木床,小桌子和兩張黃椅子。點睛之筆是床上露出一角的紅毯子,溫暖又家常。最妙是黃綠的窗戶,綠的是窗欞,黃的是陽光。
先來一張局部。
再來一張全貌。
我們參觀的這個梵高畫展是在波士頓美術館 (MFA),展題是 Van Gogh: The Roulin Family Portraits,展出的肖像畫大多是當地郵遞員胡林一家人,父母和三個孩子。
但是,畫展也展出了三張畫家自畫像。第一張,畫在梵高離開巴黎前往南法以前。他在寫給妹妹 Wilhelmina 的信裏說道: “I have a dirty and difficult occupation, painting, and if I weren’t as I am I wouldn’t paint, but being as I am often work with pleasure, and I see the possibility glimmering through of making paintings in which there’s some youth and freshness, although my own youth is one of those things I’ve lost….It’s my plan to go to the south for a while, as soon as I can, where there’s even more color and even more sun. But what I hope to achieve is to paint a good portrait.” (Late October, 18987) 言語間,有一種天生我材必有用的自信,有創作靈感泉湧時的喜悅,還有因為歲月蹉跎而事業無成的焦慮,但他被南行的計劃激動著,向往著南法的色彩和陽光。。。他還希望能在南部完成一幅好的肖像畫。他完成的不止一幅,而且都是傳世之作。
第二幅是在梵高到南部以後畫的,他在給高更 (Paul Gauguin) 的信裏這麽形容自己, “I have a portrait of myself, all ash-colored…. I looked more for the character of a bonze, a simple worshipper of the eternal Buddha.” 他說自己麵如死灰,又說自己看起來像一個和尚。梵高自比和尚,小半是因為短發,大半是因為他預見到自己想成家為人父的願望沒有實現的可能了吧?!明豔的鬆石綠背景下,畫家看起來孤零零的。
不知為什麽,梵高的這幅自畫像,讓我想起張愛玲對塞尚《僧侶肖像》的解讀。她說,“一八六四中所作的僧侶肖像,是一個須眉濃鷙的人,白袍,白風兜,胸前垂下十字架,抱著胳膊,兩隻大手,手與臉的平麵特別粗糙,隱現冰裂紋。整個的畫麵是單純的灰與灰白,然而那嚴寒裏沒有淒楚,隻有最基本的,人與風雹山河的苦鬥。” 找到一張網圖。
第三張自畫像是畫家大病初愈後畫的。他在給弟弟 Theo 的信裏寫道: “People say - and I’m quite willing to believe it - that it’s difficult to know oneself - but it’s not easy to paint oneself either. Thus I’m working on two portraits of myself at the moment…. One I began the first day I got up. I was thin, pale as a devil. It’s dark violet blue and the head whiteish with yellow hair, thus a color effect.” (September 5 or 6, 1889)
特意走近,從側麵拍了一張。
胡林夫婦的肖像畫,都用了花牆做背景。
胡林的肖像畫,梵高在寫給妹妹的信裏說, “I’m now working on the portrait of a postman with his dark blue uniform with yellow. A head something like that of Socrates, almost no nose, a high forehead, bald pate, small grey eyes, high-colored full cheeks, a big beard, pepper and salt, big ears. The man is a fervent republican and socialist, reasons very well and knows many things.” 梵高很會用筆,不管寫還是畫,一個勤勉的小鎮職員躍然紙上。雖然沒見過什麽世麵,坐著還有點手足無措的感覺。但聰明,善辯。也善良,是一個盡責的好父親和好朋友。
美術館裏展出了胡林寫給梵高的信,好幾封,都是關切和鼓勵的話。
小兒子陪我去看的展覽。從背後偷拍了一張。
館外陽光明媚,波士頓的春天來了!