雅克教授說 中國為何能夠迅速崛起

中國為何能夠迅速崛起？聽聽馬丁·雅克教授是怎麽說的

2025年3月28日 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ELEb5O4xCU

自1949年革命以來的75年裏，中國發生了巨大的變化。中國剛剛從一場非常慘烈的內戰中擺脫部分殖民統治，當時的中國比很多非洲國家都窮。如果你追溯曆史，100到150年，中國的一個非凡之處是，在整個時期，它幾乎沒有增長，每年大約1%。所以我們今天來看看中國非凡的轉變，至少有一個衡量標準是國內生產總值按初級購買力計算，中國經濟是世界上最大的經濟體，它擁有的工業部門可能比任何其他經濟體都多，它的生活水平，我的意思是，情況發生了如此非凡的變化中國已經在各種技術領域處於領先地位，這是非常了不起的，中國的變化速度之快，是人類曆史上最了不起的經濟轉型，而這隻用了 40 年時間，那麽 40 年是什麽？40 年是人均壽命的一半，隻是一半，我記得我第一次去中國是在 1993 年，那隻是一次旅行，是從香港出發的，我當時在公共汽車上顛簸前行，一部分道路是土路，另一部分道路是泥路，你知道，在過去的 100 到 150 年裏，這條路上有這麽多不同的交通方式，最新的炫酷梅賽德斯奔馳車窗都是黑色的，但大多數都是非常原始的交通方式，目之所及，土地已經被批準開發，雖然是在農村，但那裏人口眾多，人們忙於自己的事務，他們決心結束貧困的生活，所以中國從落後走向今天所看到的，我想說一個非常重要的觀點，那就是與 1949 年或 1978 年相比，今天的中國完全無法辨認，或者中國隻是一個完全不同的地方，還是在某種深刻的意義上是同一個中國，我想說的是，中國非凡之處以及為什麽它在如此長的曆史時期內如此成功，它有過艱難時期，但也有過一些偉大的時期，可能是世界上最先進的文明或世界上最先進的文明之一，中國誕生了一個文明，這是它的模板，實際上一直持續到 19 世紀末，它隻是在 19 世紀末，中國開始獲得一些民族國家的特征，例如邊界，我的意思是，作為一個文明的中國沒有邊界，即使在今天，我認為中國主要是一個文明國家，其次才是民族國家，這與西方完全不同，西方都是現代西方國家，它們誕生於民族國家，它們是民族國家，它們的行為方式也像民族國家。中國在這方麵完全不同，這裏要把握的重點是，中國的一些最基本的特征，可能我們大多數人都以某種方式認為是理所當然的，但這些特征實際上是中國文明根源的產物，例如國家與社會的關係、家庭的作用、教育的關鍵重要性，以及許多其他東西都是個人的概念，個人的概念與西方思考個人的方式非常不同，所有這些實際上都是中國的模板，中國是一個文明模板，貫穿了中國曆史的各個不同時期，現在我們處在一個重要的曆史節點，中國正在走向現代化，在某些領域，它終於達到了西方的發展水平，它領先於西方的發展水平，如果你去西歐的一些國家，一些小國，特別是中國，你會發現它們處於不同的時代，這在曆史上如此重要的原因在於，現代化的故事本質上是一個西方的故事，它始於19世紀上半葉的英國工業革命，直到1945年，現代化和現代性都是西方獨有的故事，除了日本，每個國家都是西方的，更重要的是，西方和日本利用現代化來對抗世界其他國家，他們殖民了中國，在殖民過程中，他們故意阻礙了中國的發展，阻止了現代化，所以這些社會本質上陷入了癱瘓和停滯是西方現代化和中國現代化的根本特征，這與西方的心態截然不同，中國現代化看到了自己在世界上與其他發展中國家並駕齊驅的地位，為發展中國家提供了發展的機會。發展中國家開始現代化進程或推進現代化進程，因此，從本質上講，你可以將中國的現代化視為發展中國家的公共利益，請記住，包括中國在內的發展中國家占世界人口的 80% 到 85%，西方永遠記住這一點，西方是人類的一個分支，約占人類的 12%，所以我認為問題是，中國的現代化總體上會是什麽樣子，我認為這是一個非常有趣的問題，中國現在顯然已經就這個問題展開了一場重大辯論，好吧，我已經提出了一個絕對關鍵的觀點，它將與世界建立一種不同的關係，尤其是發展中國家，但它將意味著什麽，我認為這是一個很好的問題，一個有趣的問題，它會像西方現代化一樣，還是會有所不同，很明顯，現在中國正在探索一種非常不同的可能性問一個不同的問題，不是狹隘地追求物質利益，而是相反，它應該以人為本，應該符合人民的利益，應該讓人們以不同的方式掌控自己的生活，掌控社會，現在你知道你可以看到整個中國，因此現在正開始一種不同的增長，高速增長時期正在被高質量增長所取代，綠色增長，無碳增長，這些將實體經濟與數字經濟相結合，這些是現在的關鍵目標，所以中國在20年後看起來會大不相同，中國現在的樣子會大不相同，人們將以完全不同的方式生活，以不同的方式旅行，從事不同類型的工作，所有這些，但我留給你一個想法，中國肯定會非常不同，但實際上下一個中國仍將是中國，因為中國有著數千年的文明，其非凡的曆史不僅對中國，而且對整個世界和不同領域都產生了巨大的利益，它給予了如此多的東西，在這個時代，它給予了，在未來，它還會給予更多.

中國為何能夠迅速崛起？聽聽馬丁·雅克教授是怎麽說的

2025年3月28日 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ELEb5O4xCU

75 years China has changed so much in that period since the revolution in 1949 China was just emerging from partial colonization from a really bitter Civil

War and China was poorer at that moment than quite a few African countries

and if you go back further in history 100 150 years and so an extraordinary feature of China was that over that whole period it barely grew at all it was

about 1% a year so we come to China's extraordinary transformation today by at least one measure that is gross domestic product by primary purchasing

power China's economy is the largest in the world it possesses probably more industrial sectors than any other economy it's living standards well I mean there's been such an extraordinary change in in the situation and China is a significant leader in various Technologies already this is this is remarkable China has changed at the speed of light it's the most remarkable economic

transformation in human history and it is taken just 40 years

now what is 40 years 40 years is half

the average lifetime of a person just

half you know I remember uh my

introduction to China the first time I

went to China was in 1993 uh it was just a sort of tour it

was a tour up from Hong Kong and U uh I

was on this bus we were bumping along

part of the road was made up part of it

was dirt track and so on the road itself

was you know there were so many

different forms of Transport from the

last 100 to 150 years on that road the

latest flashy mercedesbenz with darkened

windows but most of them were just very

primitive forms of transport and as far

as the eye could see the land had been

cleared for development and although it was in the

countryside it was teaming with people

and the people were so going about their

business they were so intent on ending a

life of poverty and so China was moving on from backwardness to

eventually what you see today now there's one really important point I

want to make on this and that is look compared with

1949 or uh 1978 or today China is completely

unrecognizable or is it is China just a totally different

place or is it in some profound way the

same China and I would argue that the

extraordinary thing about China and why

it has been so successful over such a

long period of History it's had bad

times but it's had some great times uh

three or four times probably the most

advanced civilization in the world or

one of one of the most advanced

civilizations in the world China was

born a civilization that's its template and that

lasted actually until the late 1919 century it was only in the late 19th

century that China began to acquire some

of the characteristics of a nation state

for example borders I mean China as a

civilization did not have borders even

today China I would argue is primarily a

civilization State and only secondarily

a nation state this is quite different

from the West the West have all being

modern Western countries born as nation

states and they are nation states they

behave like nation states China is quite

different in relationship to this and

the important Point here to grasp is

some of the most fundamental

characteristics of China which probably

most of us in some way or other take for

granted are really a product of China's

civilizational roots for example

relationship between State and Society

the role of the family the pivotal

importance of education and many other

things are the notion of the individual

the notion of the individual is very

different from the western western way

of thinking about individual all of

these things are actually the template

of China which is a civilizational

template which has lasted all through

these various different eras of China's

history now we are at a major historical point

china is reaching the point of

modernity it is finally arrived at

Western levels of development in some

areas it's ahead of Western levels of

development if you go to countries in

Western Europe some of the small ones

especially China's in a different era

really and the reason why this is

historically so significant is as

follows the story of modernization is

essentially a western story it starts

with the British Industrial Revolution

in the first half of the 19th

century by as late as 1945 modernization and modernity were an

exclusively Western story apart from Japan every country was

Western and what's more the west and Japan used

modernization against the rest of the

world essentially they colonized

including China and in colonizing it they

deliberately held back its development

they prevented mization so essentially

those societies were caught in a

situation of paralysis and stasis that

was a fundamental characteristic of

Western modernization and Chinese

modernization well it is extraordinar

different from the Western

mentality Chinese modernization is sees its role sees its

place in the world alongside other

developing countries to give the

opportunity for de developing countries

to begin the process or Advance along

the process of modernization so essentially Chinese

modernization you can think of as a

public good for the developing world and

remember the developing world including

China accounts for something like 80 85%

of the world's population the West

always remember this the W West is a

splinter of humanity it is about 12% of

humanity so uh the question then I think is well

what uh what is uh Chinese modernization

more generally going to be like and I

think this is a really interesting

question China's Clearly Now launched on

a major debate on this question okay

I've made one absolutely crucial point

it's going to have a different

relationship with the world the

developing world above all but what is

it going to mean in terms of what it's

like and I think this is a great

question a fascinating question is it

going to be like Western modernization

or is it going to be something different

and clearly now China is exploring the

possibility of being uh very different

uh asking a different question not it's

not narrowly for material grain not

narrowly for profit but on the contrary

it's thinking of it it should be people

Centric it should be in people's

interest it should allow people to take

command of their lives and take command

of society in a different kind uh of way

now you know you can see all China

therefore is embarking now on a

different kind of growth the period of

highspeed growth is being replaced by

high quality growth uh uh green growth uh carbon free

growth these uh integrating uh the real

economy uh with the uh digital economy

these are the now the key Target

so China's going to be look so different

in in 20 years time China's going to

look so different what it does now

people will be living in totally

different ways traveling in different

ways doing different kinds of jobs all

the rest of it but I leave you with a

thought sure China will be very

different but actually the next China will still be

China because the extraordinary history

of China that civilization expans of

thousands of years has been

hugely beneficial not just for China but

for the whole world and in different

areas it's given so much and in this era

it's giving and in the future it will

give even more