回複 '思蘆' 的評論 : 【貝克的口頭承諾發生在1981年,德國統一時。】President George H.W. Bush had assured Gorbachev during the Malta summit in December 1989 that the U.S. would not take advantage...
Secretary of State James Baker’s famous “not one inch eastward” assurance about NATO expansion in his meeting with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev on February 9, 1990,...
我錯了1年,你錯了9年。
【“普京上台後,曾數次提出俄羅斯加入北約”。普京從來沒正式提出過。】
我也從來沒說普京“正式”提出過。
我前一個版本是這麽說的:普京上台後,(可能是開玩笑)曾經提出俄羅斯加入北約。
數次其實是包括了葉利欽以來,把數次放到普京頭上應該有誤。
Ex-Nato head says Putin wanted to join alliance early on in his rule
SOVIET DISARRAY; Yeltsin Says Russia Seeks to Join NATO
而且你看,貝克也滑頭“neither the President nor I intend to...”。他不說“the United States government”,而隻說“總統和我”,擺脫了國家政府不能隨便說話的約束。含糊地以總統和國務卿的個人立場發表觀點從而躲過了可能的國家義務。就跟在商務談判中說“董事長和總經理如何如何”而不說“本公司保證”一樣,那天吵翻了,對方沒法說“你公司曾經答應”來追究違反合同。董事長和總經理都換過幾茬了,你找誰說理去?
細思語境,“not only for the Soviet Union but for other European countries as well it is important to have guarantees that if the United States keeps its presence in Germany within the framework of NATO, not an inch of NATO’s present military jurisdiction will spread in an eastern direction.”
這裏麵的“other European countries”隻能是指那些前華沙成員國,而“the United States keeps its presence in Germany within the framework of NATO”也明顯是指(當時還沒統一的)德國境內的北約駐軍。當時北約、華約對峙對抗,“other European countries”和蘇聯一樣不願意北約靠近,根據這個邏輯才有“not only for the Soviet Union but for other European countries as well it is important...”。貝克當時做夢都想不到會出現前華沙條約小國主動申請加入北約的這一天,怎麽可能保證“不接受‘other European countries’加入北約”即俄羅斯口中的“東擴”呢?
回複 '侃-侃' 的評論 : 關於東擴,我是根據視頻中兩位學者的觀點而翻譯,人家都說了,you can check archived documents that are open to public now. 我比較相信他們的看法,所以也沒去查。既然你提出了不同的觀點,我也隻好去查archive了。
Not once, but three times, Baker tried out the “not one inch eastward” formula with Gorbachev in the February 9, 1990, meeting. He agreed with Gorbachev’s statement in response to the assurances that “NATO expansion is unacceptable.” Baker assured Gorbachev that “neither the President nor I intend to extract any unilateral advantages from the processes that are taking place,” and that the Americans understood that “not only for the Soviet Union but for other European countries as well it is important to have guarantees that if the United States keeps its presence in Germany within the framework of NATO, not an inch of NATO’s present military jurisdiction will spread in an eastern direction.”